T初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解-練習(xí)-答案4頁(yè)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)【現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)】 A. 定義：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?！境Ｓ脮r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)】recently, lately, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn), for+數(shù)字+時(shí)間名詞, in the past few months/years等【構(gòu)成】 肯定形式：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done 一般疑問(wèn)句：have或has放于句首 B.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話之前已完成，而對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。 eg. The car has arrived.車子來(lái)了。（結(jié)果：車子已在門口） So

2、meone has broken the window.有人把窗戶打破了。（結(jié)果：窗戶仍破著）2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。常用for和since表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ)。eg. He has studied English for 5 years. He has studied English since 2001. Now I have finished the work.C.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連

3、用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑問(wèn)句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。They havent finished their homework yet.他們還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。 如：-Have you ever been t

4、o the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。c.用表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)她，但記不起在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)。He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾年他去過(guò)那里三次了。d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：now,today,this m

5、orning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I havent. 今天你見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎？我 沒(méi)有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過(guò)那里多少次？(2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come,arrive,buy等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表述。由

6、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或be on open be open join be in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy have catch(

7、a cold) have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy come to workwork等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開(kāi)始十分鐘了。 We have studied English for three years. 我們（開(kāi)始）學(xué)英語(yǔ)已三年了。4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)

8、去時(shí)都表示在過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作。但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較： I have lost my new book. 我把新書(shū)丟了。（現(xiàn)在還未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書(shū)丟了。（昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒(méi)說(shuō)明）5.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng) （1）have been(to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）”，可用于各人稱；可與once ,never,several times等連用。have g

9、one(to)表示“去某地了（說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱，不能與once ,never, several times等連用。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京兩次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。（2）如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時(shí)。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有三年了。 （3）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以

10、延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 如：I havent left here since 1997.自從1997年以來(lái)，我一直沒(méi)有離開(kāi)過(guò)這兒。練習(xí)： （ ）1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know（ ）2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?A. already B. never C. ever D. still（ ）3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A.

11、 just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago（ ）4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written（ ）5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _. A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed; better（ ）6、

12、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying（ ）7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew（ ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see（ ）9、

13、These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone （ ）10、_ you _ your homework yet? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finished C.Have; done; have finished D.will; do; finish（ ）11、His father _ t

14、he club since 1988. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in（ ）12、Do you know her well? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made（ ）13、How long have you _ here? About seven years. A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived（ ）14、Hurry up! The program _ f

15、or five minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began（ ）15、It _ ten years since he came Chengdu. A. is B. has C. will D. was（ ）16、Miss Green isnt in the office. She _ to the library. A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been（ ）17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B

16、. have been to C. have gone to D. have been（ ）18、He _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up（ ）19、Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had（ ）20、His grandparents _ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has

17、lived there D. has left the university漢譯英1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父親以前到過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。4、 她還沒(méi)有看過(guò)那部新電影。5、 她去過(guò)上海。Keys:1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是B。2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來(lái)，也不；從不），before（以前），yet

18、（仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently（近來(lái)），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時(shí)間”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z(yǔ)表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過(guò)去時(shí)）。故6應(yīng)選C。7、C8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語(yǔ)連用。故8應(yīng)選B。9、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)容易混淆，就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過(guò)去的事情