英語續(xù)寫素材.docx

1、 續(xù)寫素材整理 What is a climax of a story?（什么是故事高潮?）More tension=satisfying climax文學故事中的高潮（climax）-故事的主要場景（key scene）也通常是故事的轉折點（turning point），是指故事達到最緊張或扣人心弦的那一部分。高潮有時候是劇情中的 危機 點。有時候, 它只是達到關鍵時刻或者轉折點, 發(fā)生了一些事情, 或者主角必須做出決定, 從而導致一個結果或其他。我們在分析敘事類故事或者小說故事的時候常常用下面的圖表來表示故事情節(jié)。常見故事高潮示例：1. A little girl has been sea

2、rching for her lost dog. All of a sudden, she hears a bark coming from around the corner, and she looks around to see . . .2. Kevin has worked very hard to try out for the soccer team at school. The coach has posted a list of this years team members on his office door. Kevin walks forward to look at

3、 the list . . . .3. Marys parents have been discussing whether or not to move to another state. They call Mary and her sister down to talk with them about their decision . . .4. Lois has performed in the state gymnastics finals. She waits anxiously to hear the names of the winners. The announcer say

4、s, And first place goes to . . .文學名著中的一些故事高潮1. The deaths of Romeo (who kills himself because he thinks Juliet is dead) and Juliet (who kills herself when she awakes and sees Romeo dead). Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare （羅密歐和朱麗葉，莎士比亞）2. When Gaston and the townspeople come to attack the beast, and Bel

5、le admits her love for the beast. Beauty and the Beast, Disney （美女與野獸，迪士尼）3. In The Three Little Pigs, suspense builds up until the confrontation between the third pig and the wolf. This confrontation is the climax.（三只小豬）How to create a climax of a story? (如何營造故事的高潮？)方法1.增加外部沖突增加外部沖突是一種明顯有效的可以達到故事高潮

6、的方式。沖突帶來緊迫感,將故事推向必要的解決或崩潰。1）角色之間的沖突(人物觀點差異,競爭需要等)如：2017年11月浙江英語高考：On the fourth or fifth night, we hadtroublefinding a hotel with a vacancy. After driving in vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea: Why didnt we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up tent th

7、ere? David and I became nervous.開車找旅館-徒勞無功-母親建議搭帳篷在他人后院-David和我倍感緊張，心有不悅（母子的觀點不一）2)角色與環(huán)境之間的沖突如：2017年6月浙江英語高考：Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. he saw instantly that it wasnt a dog at all, but awolf: quickly catching up with him. Macs heartjumped. , he fired the spray at the wolf. A

8、 bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Macs relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, . Then it , tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back Mac騎車獨自行，路遇餓狼，與之搏斗，險象環(huán)生。（人（角色）-狼（環(huán)境）大戰(zhàn)）3)時間依賴的發(fā)展：決策變得緊急如：2017年6月浙江英語高考：The car abruptly s

9、topped in front of him.Get into the car.Paul shouted at Mac. Macjumpedoff the bike and slid into the car without delay as the wolf was just two steps away and was about to tearMacinto pieces. What a narrow escape!騎車突停面前-急喊上車-Max上車避險-餓狼近在咫尺（此情此景，刻不容緩）4)增加的障礙：人物角色必須克服挑戰(zhàn),以達到他們的目標例如：2018年6月高考But before

10、we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten trackandgot lost. We had no idea where we were and it got dark.Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back.小兔突現(xiàn)-馬兒受驚-草原迷路（障礙1）-天色漸黑（障礙2）-又累又餓（障礙3）-心理恐慌（障礙4）方法2.放大內(nèi)心沖突放大內(nèi)心沖突（你的角色的內(nèi)心斗爭）也有助于建立一個高度緊張和不確定的時刻?，F(xiàn)在我們在來看高考讀后

11、續(xù)寫中的內(nèi)心沖突是如何體現(xiàn)的：2016年10月浙江高考：Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.Jane, exhausted and scared, lay down near a stone, missing her familyat a distance. All the fantastic memory crowded in and she couldnt help crying,Hadnt I quarrelled withTom,walkedaway andclimbedto the high place, I woul

12、dnt be trapped in this awful place, confronted with the danger of dying.”She regretted with endless anxiety, and then became asleep with shining tears in her eyes.夫婦爭吵-獨自行走-荒野走散-夜色漸黑-獨處森林-陰森恐怖-后悔莫及（內(nèi)心沖突的刻畫）內(nèi)心獨白（往昔對比+虛擬語氣使用+旁邊描寫是常見技巧之一）方法3.使用環(huán)境描寫增加不確定性充分利用環(huán)境描寫可以起到烘托故事高潮的作用，具體方法可以看上期讀后續(xù)寫微技能。當故事角色在碰到困難

13、時候，我們往往要加大筆墨來描寫故事環(huán)境的黑暗，恐怖和不祥。強化環(huán)境描寫增強了高潮元素。我們感受到了緊張的倍增。例1：Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest(黑暗).Even worse, the temperature suddenly dropped dramatically.(寒冷）例2：It didnt take long for the forest to be enveloped in darkness（黑暗）. Her rasping breath steamed（寒冷）in the moonlight and her

14、throat was parched from thirst.如何通過場景營造（mood）Technique 1: Personification (擬人)Description/purpose:Gives an object the characteristics of a living thing, bringing it to lifeExamples：The flowersnodded.Snowflakesdanced.Thundergrumbled.Fogcrept in.The windhowled.The haunted house seemed tostare atme,bec

15、koningme towards the door.Technique 2: simile (明喻)Description/purpose:Simileslikens something to something else giving a more detailed descriptionExamples：The night sky wasas dark as the deepest ocean.The starssparkled like diamonds.The snakemoved like a ripple on a pond.Technique 3: metaphor (暗喻)De

16、scription/purpose:Metaphors say that something is something else, giving the description more powerExamples：A wave of terrorwashed over him.Technique 4:Vivid adjectives (生動的形容詞)Description/purpose:To make the story more interesting and vivid by using more imaginative descriptions, sometimes in a lis

17、tExamples：Gleaming,glistening,whisperyflakes of snowTechnique 5: Negative description (否定描述)Description/purpose:To tell the reader what is not there is an effective way of showing how unpleasant, comfortless a place isExamples：There wasno cushion, no carpet, no warmth, no light and no comfort.Techni

18、que 6: Camera-pan and zoom(攝影-全景+放大)Description/purpose:To use the idea of how a film director works, you can give a wider view then focus in on one detailExamples：From the withering trees he looked past thelittered farmyard, across to the decrepit hovel.Its doorshung sadly awry,the handlebroken.Tec

19、hnique 7: Nouns for details (細節(jié)名詞)Description/purpose:Scenes are filled with things that we see and therefore uses lots of nouns, even lists of nouns to convey what is there.Examples：Theroomswere crowded withlanternsfastened onoak paneled walls,tableslaid withsilver candlesticksandgoblets.Technique

20、8: Senses（感官）Description/purpose:All of our senses become aware in a new situation or place. Your reader needs to know how your character are feeling.Examples：Wafts of salt-laden airwere in her nostrils as theskittery sand on her feetled her to the edge of the waves.Good setting description for appr

21、eciation (佳“景”賞析)1. The house smelled musty and damp, and a little sweet, as if it were haunted by the ghosts of long-dead cookies.2. The sun kept dipping down into the ocean and the lights came on at the harbor, casting sudden shadows on the ground, illuminating the faces that were just a second ag

22、o silhouettes. The sky was golden and purple, the ocean a darker shade of violet.3. The sun had set, but a faint pastel haze lingered in the mid-summer sky.4. They rolled up the path, tree branches raking the windshield like angry wardens.5. Outside, the air filled with cricket noise, as the sun red

23、dened in its descent.6. A restaurant overlooking a starlit night sprang to my imagination like something out of an illuminated manuscript from the late Middle Ages.7. The moon went slowly down in loveliness; she departed into the depth of the horizon, and long veil-like shadows crept up the sky thro

24、ugh which the stars appeared.8. All brightness was gone, leaving nothing. We stepped out of the tent onto nothing. Sledge and tent were there, Estraven stood beside me, but neither he nor I cast any shadow. There was dull light all around, everywhere. When we walked on the crisp snow no shadow showe

25、d the footprint. We left no track. Sledge, tent, himself, myself: nothing else at all. No sun, no sky, no horizon, no world.9. Night had fallen fast upon the land. No more than an hour ago the sky was painted with hues of red, orange and pink, but all colour had faded leaving only a matt black canva

26、s with no stars to be looked upon.10It would be a cold moonless night. The sky was dark and low, the air so chilled it hurt to breathe. Already the ground was laid white with frost and any water that had been liquid under the winter sun had become ice.如何寫好讀后續(xù)寫的開頭1.An adverbCarefully,he stepped over

27、all the broken glass.Joyfullyhe skipped up the street.Para 1：(201610浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄)Para1：But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again.Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.（時間副詞銜接+環(huán)境描寫）2. An adj. phraseCurious to know what was inside, he tiptoed into the dark cave.Unable to

28、say a word, he was rooted to the spot.(201610浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄)Para 1:But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again.Desperate and hopeless,Janeknelt down, tears streaming down her face.（并列情緒形容詞）(201610浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄)Para 2:It was daybreak when Jane woke up.Weak as she was, she struggled to her

29、 feet, continuing searching forassistance.（狀態(tài)形容詞+as/though 引導的倒裝句）(201806浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄)Para 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.(情緒形容詞+從句)(201806浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄)Para 2: We had no id

30、ea where we were and it got dark.Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back.3. A participle (-ing or ed word)Lookingaround him cautiously, he slipped into the room and softly closed the door.Exhausted, he was glad the race was finally over.(201610浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄) Para1: But no more

31、helicopters came and it was getting dark again.Feeling disappointed,Janehad to stay alone for another night.（現(xiàn)在分詞+情緒形容詞）(201610浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄) Para 2:It was daybreak when Jane woke up.Feeling refreshed,she continued to walk along thestreamto find the way out.（現(xiàn)在分詞+狀態(tài)形容詞）4. A conjunctionAs he walked, h

32、e whistledAlthough he was afraid, he jumped right in.5. A prepositional phraseAt the end of the lanehe suddenly stopped.At the sight of the snake, the little girl screamed at the top of her voice.6. A dialogue or a monologue“Lets see who gets there first!”Rachel shouted, as she pedaled fast and zoom

33、ed past Jenny.“Hold on tight!”My father yelled. We just finished bucking in as the coaster jerked into motion. This was my first roller coaster ride.(201706浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄)Para 1:The car abruptly stopped in front of him.Get into the car.Paul shouted at Mac.7. A characterMark is a studious boy who loves

34、 reading. His classmates often tease him for being too hardworking and they call him Mr. Smart. One afternoon, while studying at home8. An emotionThe moment she saw how she did for her Science test,tears started welling up in Tinas eyes and falling down her cheeks.9.A settingIclosed my eyes to enjoy the gentle breeze and the sounds of the clashing waves.Gently opening my eyes, I saw my parents takinga relaxing stroll along the beach.The cave was dark and everything was silent. I couldnt even see my hand in front of my face.I knew this adventure was going to be