高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)-語法專題突破(核心考點+專項訓(xùn)練)專題二代詞--衡中密卷英語

1、語法專題二代詞語法專題二代詞 -2- 高考感悟考點歸納 1.(2016全國乙,語法填空)On my recent visit,I held a lively three- month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother. 2.(2016四川,語法填空)By that time,the panda no longer needed (it) mother for food. 1.its根據(jù)后面的mother一詞可知,此處用形容詞性物主代詞its。 2.itsits在此處修飾其后的名詞mother,故此處用it的形容詞性物主 代詞its做定

2、語。 -3- 高考感悟考點歸納 3.(2015課標(biāo)全國,語法填空)A few hours before/earlier,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with (it) choking smog. 4.(2014課標(biāo)全國,語法填空)A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear!Its (I).” 3.its此處用形容詞性物主代詞修飾choking smog。its的意思是 “香港的”。 4.me/mine此空根據(jù)語法可以看出,缺表語,應(yīng)填代詞。此處既可 以指前文所提到的anyone“誰”,也可以指代“suitcase”是誰的,又因為 wom

3、an用第一人稱,所以填me和mine皆可。 -4- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 -5- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 注意形容詞性物主代詞通常用做定語,修飾名詞,如:her father 她的父親。 “of(介詞)+名詞性物主代詞(或名詞所有格)”構(gòu)成雙重所有格, 如:a friend of mine我的一個朋友。 -6- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 1.指代時間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象等。如: It is half past two now.現(xiàn)在兩點半。(指時間) It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.離最近的醫(yī)院有六英里。(指距 離) I

4、t is very cold in the room.房間很冷。(指溫度) 2.指代前面所提到過的事物、群體、想法、性別不明或性別被認(rèn) 為不重要的人或動物、未指明但談話雙方都明白的事情或情況。如: An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making it the driest year since California became a state in 1850. 去年平均降雨量僅18.75厘米,使得去年是加利福尼亞自1850年建 州以來最干旱的一年。(it指前面所提到的情況) -7- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 Who

5、s that at the door?門口那人是誰? It is the milkman. 是送奶工。(it指代性別不明或性別被認(rèn)為不重要的人) Ive broken a plate.我打碎了一個盤子。 It(=Breaking the plate) doesnt matter. 沒關(guān)系。(it指前面所提到過的事情) -8- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 3.it可以用做形式主語或形式賓語,而把真正的主語或賓語放在 后面,真正的主語或賓語往往由從句、動詞-ing形式和不定式充當(dāng)。 如: It is said that all of them have gone to the cinema

6、. 據(jù)說他們都去看電影了。 No matter where he is,he makes it a rule to go out for a walk before breakfast. 無論在哪兒,他總是習(xí)慣在早餐前出去散步。 -9- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 4.it用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞(短語),尤其是表示好惡的動 詞(短語)后面,如:enjoy,like,love,dislike,hate,dont mind,be fond of,feel like,see to后,即這些動詞(短語)后面的賓語從句前要加it。如: I hate it that you leave th

7、e door open. 我討厭你把門開著。 5.it的固定結(jié)構(gòu):make it;get it;see to it that;put it。如: How shall I put it?我該怎么說呢? -10- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 1.it特指上文所提到的同一事物,它所代替的名詞常由the,this,that 等修飾。 one泛指上文提到的同類事物中的一個,不特指,相當(dāng)于a/an+單數(shù) 名詞;ones泛指上文提到的同類事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞;the one特指前面的 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),有時可以用that來代替(尤其是后面有后置定語 時);the ones特指上文提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,有時可以用th

8、ose代替,尤其 在有后置定語的情況下。 that特指前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于“the+可數(shù)名 詞單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”;that 的復(fù)數(shù)形式為those,替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),既 可指人也可指物。 -11- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 Yesterday I lost my pen and I couldnt find it.So I had to buy one.(it指代my pen;one替代a pen) 昨天我丟了鋼筆而且沒找到。所以我不得不再買一支。 The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under

9、the desk.(those/the ones替代the books) 桌子上的書要比桌子下面的好。 Few pleasure can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day. 沒有什么能比得上在炎熱的天氣里喝上一杯冷飲那樣快樂。 (that替代pleasure) -12- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 2.that和one的主要區(qū)別: that既可替代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),也可替代不可數(shù)名詞,常有后置定語, 一般不指人,復(fù)數(shù)形式為those;one只能替代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù)形式 為ones。當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞前有形容詞修飾時,只能用one,不用that。當(dāng)of

10、 短語做可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)的后置定語時,用that,不用one。 The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools. 這所規(guī)模較小的學(xué)校的教育質(zhì)量比一些規(guī)模較大的學(xué)校更好。 If youre buying todays paper from the stand,could you get one for me? 如果你從攤上買今天的報紙,能給我捎一份嗎?(one替代a paper 一份報紙) -13- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 指示代詞是用來指代或標(biāo)記人或事物的代

11、詞,有 this,that,these,those。this,that是單數(shù),these,those是復(fù)數(shù)。指示代詞 可以在句中做主語、賓語、表語和定語等。 This is what I want to say. 這就是我想要說的。 That was twenty years ago. 那是二十年前的事了。 These are not my books. 這些不是我的書。 Those are her papers. 那些是她的試卷。 -14- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 1.both(兩者都),either(兩者中的任何一個),neither(兩者都不)。以 上這些詞使用范圍為兩者。

12、John and Mary have both won the prizes. 約翰和瑪麗都得了獎。 The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but neither contained any useful suggestions. 這個調(diào)查組在調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上提供了兩份報告,但是沒有一份包含 有用的建議。 Ive lived in New York and Chicago,but dont like either of them very much. 我曾經(jīng)在紐約和芝加哥居住過,但是這兩個城市我都不是很喜歡。 -15

13、- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 2.both與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,either與單數(shù)名詞連用。 There are flowers on both sides of the street. 街道兩旁都有花。 There are flowers on either side of the street. 街道的每一邊都有花。 -16- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 3.all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一個),none(都不)。以上詞 使用范圍為三者或三者以上。 All the students in my class like our teachers. 我們班的所有學(xué)生都喜

14、歡我們的老師。 Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years,she lost none of her enthusiasm for life. 雖然羅斯瑪麗患上這種嚴(yán)重的疾病多年,但是她一點兒也沒有失 去對生活的熱情。 4.each可指兩者,也可指兩者以上。 They each have a car. 他們都有車。 -17- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 1.no不能單獨使用,相當(dāng)于not a或not any,做定語修飾可數(shù)名詞或 不可數(shù)名詞。 He has no worry about safety.

15、他一點也不為安全擔(dān)心。 2.none既可以指人,也可以指物,側(cè)重指三者或三者以上的人或物, 可與介詞of連用,用于回答how many/much引導(dǎo)的疑問句。 How many people are there in the room? 房間里有多少人? None.沒有人。 -18- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 3.nobody指人,用于回答who引導(dǎo)的疑問句;nothing指物,用于回答 what引導(dǎo)的疑問句。 The meeting will be held in September,but nobody knows the date for sure. 這次會議將在9月舉行,但沒

16、人知道確切的日期。 What are you doing?你正在做什么? Nothing.沒干什么。 -19- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 1.another既可以單獨使用,也可以用于單數(shù)名詞前,泛指三者或三 者以上中的“另外一個人或物”。還可以用于“another+數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù) 名詞”中,表示“再,又”。 Recycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing is another. 循環(huán)利用是保護(hù)環(huán)境的一種方式,重新利用是另一種方式。 You have to wait for another three weeks. 你還得等待

17、三周。 2.other 可用做形容詞,意思為“別的,其他的”,泛指“其他的(人或 物)”。 You can ask other people to help you. 你可以讓其他人幫你。 -20- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 3.the other指兩個人或物中的一個,不能用another,此時other為代 詞。 The old man has two sons.One is a teacher;the other is a doctor. 這位老人有兩個兒子。一個是老師,另一個是醫(yī)生。 4.the other 后可接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)也可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),不接不可 數(shù)名詞。此時other

18、為形容詞。 On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一邊,有一棵高樹。 He is taller than the other students in his class. 他比班里其他學(xué)生都高。 -21- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 5.others 是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式,泛指“另外幾個;其他的”。others不能 做定語,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,相當(dāng)于“other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”;the others相當(dāng)于 “the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,指剩下的全部。 In some countries,people eat w

19、ith chopsticks,while in others,knives and forks. 在一些國家里,人們用筷子吃飯,而在另一些國家里,人們用刀子 和叉子。 Two students in our class failed,but all the others passed the exam. 班里兩個學(xué)生沒及格,但其他學(xué)生全部通過了考試。 -22- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 everyone/everybody意為“每個人”;someone/somebody意為“某人, 有人”,其特殊含義是“有價值的人或者重要的人”;anybody意為“任 何人,無論誰”;nobody意

20、為“沒有人,無人,誰也不”。 everything意為“每件事;所有事物”;something意為“某事/物”;其特 殊含義是“大致;左右;有價值的人或者重要的人或者事 物”;anything意為“任何事物”;nothing意為“沒有”。 You can ask anyone for help.Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand. 你可以向任何人求助。這兒的每個人都愿意幫助你。 Somebody has parked his car right in front of mine. 有人將車子正好停在我的車子前面。 -23- 高考感悟考點歸納一

21、三二四五七六八九 He was such a fast talker that nobody could understand him. 他講話很快,沒有人能聽懂。 Have you figured out how much the trip will cost? 你算出這次旅程會花多少錢了嗎? $4,000,or something like that. 四千美元,或者大約那樣的數(shù)目。 A smile costs nothing,but gives much. 微笑花費不了什么,卻給予很多。 -24- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 常見搭配: nothing but只不過 anythi

22、ng but絕不;根本不 something of有點兒;在某種程度上是 nothing to do with和沒關(guān)系 for nothing免費;白白地;白費;無緣無故地 -25- 高考感悟考點歸納一三二四五七六八九 all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及“every+名詞”都表示 全部肯定。 none,no one,nobody,nothing,neither,not any 以及“no+名詞”均表示 全部否定;但當(dāng)not 與表示全部肯定的不定代詞連用時,不管not的位 置在其前還是其后,都表示部分否定。 None of them smoke.他們

23、都不吸煙。 Such a person cant be found everywhere.(部分否定) 這種人并非隨處可見。 -26- .單句填空 1.After what seemed to be a hundred years,I found my audience applaudingI made !(2016河北“五個一名校聯(lián)盟”質(zhì)量 監(jiān)測) 2.To be a competitor, must be over 18.(2016重慶第二次 診斷) 1.itmake it意為“獲得成功”,為固定搭配,故用代詞it。 2.one/you句子缺少主語,one或you都可以用于泛指人。句意:如

24、 果想成為參賽選手,你必須超過18歲。 -27- 3.All in all,we students should behave (we) and keep away from violence.(2016福建五校畢業(yè)班統(tǒng)考) 4.They are calmer and (they) mood improves.(2016石家 莊一模) 5.Taxis are certainly the most convenient means of transport,as requires little effort to raise your arm to call a cab.(2016重慶一診) 3

25、.ourselvesbehave oneself為固定搭配,意為“舉止規(guī)矩有禮,檢點”, 故用反身代詞。根據(jù)主語we可知,空處應(yīng)用ourselves。 4.their要用形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞mood,根據(jù)前面的代詞 they可知這里用their。 5.it此處的it為形式主語,真正的主語是后面的to raise your arm to call a cab。 -28- 6.I dont like science fiction novels much.When youve read ,youve read them all. 7.Would you like tea or coffee?

26、.I really dont mind. 8.The couple had one biological child and adopted three . 6.one此處用one泛指前面提到的同類事物中的一個。 7.Either句意:你想喝茶還是喝咖啡?什么都可以,我真的 不介意。either表示兩者中任意一個。注意首字母要大寫。 8.othersothers是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示泛指,本句意為“這對夫婦 有一個親生孩子,領(lǐng)養(yǎng)了三個孩子”。 -29- 9.Mark whispered so softly that but Julie heard him. 10.They had gon

27、e to a great deal of expense for . 11.This result is only slightly different from obtained in the US. 12.That first hot dog tasted so good that Id like . 9.none此處none表示“沒有人”,強調(diào)數(shù)量為零。 10.nothing根據(jù)句意“他們白白犧牲了很多東西”可知,應(yīng)用 nothing,意為“沒有東西”。 11.thatthat代替前面的this result,表示特指。that往往用來指代上 文提到的事物,this指下文要陳述的事物。

28、12.another此處用another泛指同類的事物,指“再來一個熱狗”。 -30- 13.The cells of the body,especially of the brain,can live only minutes without circulating blood. 14.If you dont build your dream,someone will hire you to build (they). 13.thosethose用來替代前面的the cells,特指這些細(xì)胞,因此用復(fù)數(shù) 形式。 14.theirs句意:如果你不構(gòu)建自己的夢想,那么就會有人雇用你去 構(gòu)建他們的

29、夢想。本空在句中做build的賓語,與前面的build your dream呼應(yīng),表示build their dreams,因此應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞theirs 代替their dreams。 -31- 15.“One time I asked her,why is (me) listening comprehension so bad?” Mr.Zuckerberg said. 15.my句意:扎克伯格先生說:“有一次,我問她,為什么我的聽力理 解如此差?”此處修飾listening comprehension,故用my。 -32- .單句改錯 1.When I was in high sch

30、ool,most of my friends had a bicycle.I hoped I could also have it.(2016四川綿陽第二次診斷) 2.Ive learnt from the notice that youre looking for an English editor for us school paper.(2016石家莊質(zhì)檢二) 1.itone此處指代a bicycle,所以用one。one用來代替上文提到 的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,表示泛指。 2.usour此處做定語修飾school paper,表示“我們學(xué)校的報紙”,應(yīng) 用our。 -33- 3.Gradual

31、ly,I found me back,giving my speech at last.(2016鄭州第一 次質(zhì)檢) 4.Once you get into a bad habit,youll find it hard to get rid of them.(2016昆明兩區(qū)七校調(diào)研) 3.memyself賓語與主語為同一人,故用反身代詞。 4.themit此處代指a bad habit,故用it。 -34- 5.I decided to tell my parents it was the fault of the cat for fear that she should punish me

32、.(2016山西第二次四校聯(lián)考) 6.Id like to introduce Sarah to you.She is a good friend of me.(2016湖南東部六校聯(lián)考) 5.shethey本處代指“我父母”,應(yīng)用they。 6.memine她是“我”的一個好朋友。此處應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞 mine,相當(dāng)于my friends。 -35- 7.That is known to us that respect for ones parents is one of Chinese traditional moral values.(2016長春質(zhì)量監(jiān)測二) 8.We often t

33、hink of themselves as the centre of their family.(2016長 春質(zhì)量監(jiān)測二) 7.ThatItIt is known to us that.為固定句式,表示“我們都知道,眾 所周知”,其中it為形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語,所以改為 it。 8.WeThey根據(jù)下文themselves和their的提示可知,應(yīng)改為They。 -36- 9.I got the news from the newspaper that you need an art editor for our magazine.(2016蘭州高三實戰(zhàn)) 10.Whe

34、n none of his friends arrived,he asked them to sit at the table.(2016貴州髙考適應(yīng)性考試) 9.ouryour根據(jù)句意“你的雜志需要一個美術(shù)編輯”可知此處指 “你的”。故改為your。 10.noneall根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)他所有的朋友都到了的時候”可知,此處 指“三者或三者以上的所有人”,故用不定代詞all。 -37- .語法填空 Emily sits by her desk.She studies for an exam.Actually,she forces 1. to study for that exam,since wh

35、at she really wants to do is go outside and play soccer! Her friend Kelly is by her window.She throws a little stone at it and then calls,“Is there 2. home?” 1.herself艾米莉在強迫自己學(xué)習(xí),因此用反身代詞herself。 2.anybody/anyone此處是一般疑問句,意為“有人在家嗎?”,故用 anybody或anyone。 -38- “Yes,I am here!” Emily answers.“This is so unf

36、air!I want to be outside with 3. and not here with these boring booklets(小 冊子)!” “Whatever you are doing with those boring booklets,you should come out and play with us!”Kelly calls back. 3.you艾米莉和凱莉在對話,故用you指代Kelly。 -39- “I cant do 4.,” Emily says sadly.“This exam of 5. is tomorrow,so now I need to

37、 study for it.” She takes the stone that Kelly threw in,and sends it flying outside.Then she closes the window.She knows that everybody else has studied already,and now 6. of them are playing outside. 4.that此處that指代上文Kelly給出的建議,意為“我不能那樣做”。 5.mine此處在該句中做主語,由上文的this exam of可知,應(yīng)該用名 詞性物主代詞mine。 6.all由上文

38、的everybody可知,所有人都已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)好了,故用all指 代所有人。 -40- “Well,” she thinks to herself,“it is my test,and I myself have to study for it.I know that Kelly wants to help me,but not this time.We can help 7. other with other things.” She takes another look at her two booklets.She tries to read a page of the first book

39、let,and then a page of the 8. .Both are boring. “9. of you is interesting!” she tells them seriously. 7.each句意:我們可以在別的事情上互相幫助。each other是固定 結(jié)構(gòu),意為“相互”。 8.other根據(jù)上文的two booklets,the first booklet及下文的both可知, 艾米莉有兩本小冊子,故用the other指兩本小冊子中的一本。 9.Neither上文提到了兩本小冊子,否定兩者用neither。 -41- “What can I do?” she th

40、inks to herself.“I really have enough!” Suddenly,a great idea comes to her mind.“I know!” she thinks,“Ill make a drawing of everything I read!I like to draw,and drawings will make it interesting!” She grabs her pencil and happily begins to draw. More and more is drawn on her notebook,and after two hours she finishes her booklets. She is tired but happy,and she can finally go out to play. -42- “Where is 10.?” she asks herself.Emily notices it is dark already.“I guess they all went home