牛津譯林版七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納 7B Units12

1、牛津譯林版初一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期 （7b）unit 1-2重 點(diǎn) 詞 組would like to do想要做某事live next to a restaurant住在餐館的隔壁the capital of france法國(guó)的首都 my favourite place我最喜歡的地方a wooden house一座木房子 over a river河上面my own bedroom我自己的臥室 it rains a lot經(jīng)常下雨make dinner做飯 in the center of在的中心share with 和某人分享某物 a dining room餐廳a sitting room客廳 arri

2、ve in / at到達(dá)cant wait to do迫不及待做某事 where else 其他什么地方get eighty-one points得81分 be different from和不同on the ground floor在底樓 at the same time同時(shí)speak to交談 im afraid 恐怕take a message捎口信 call sb back回電話給某人order a pizza叫一份匹薩 a football pitch足球場(chǎng)a swimming pool游泳池 have a shower / bath洗淋浴或洗澡at least至少two floor

3、s above / below 上面或下面兩層by underground乘地鐵on my bicycle在我的自行車上air pollution空氣污染 in other areas of beijing在北京其他地區(qū)go walking去散步 such a tall building如此一幢高樓be close to離得近 do have to go far不必走太遠(yuǎn)want help with 在某方面需要幫助 all your souvenirs你所有的紀(jì)念品shopping malls大賣場(chǎng) any food you like任何你喜歡的食物western restaurants西餐

4、館 local theatre當(dāng)?shù)氐牟宛^sing beijing opera唱京劇 make the air dirty使得空氣變臟speak putonghua講普通話 thirty of each每樣三十個(gè)four big cartons of milk四大盒牛奶 three kilos of each每樣三公斤exchange students交換生 have a really good time玩得的確開心talk to in english用英語(yǔ)交談 grow vegetables種蔬菜works of art藝術(shù)品chinese paintings中國(guó)畫at the youth c

5、enter在青年中心 ride bicycles騎自行車show you around my home town帶你參觀我的家鄉(xiāng) enjoy a full day there在那兒愉快地過了一整天 the best game in the world世界上最好的運(yùn)動(dòng)climb a ladder to get into my house爬梯子進(jìn)入我家the best place to grow flowers種花最好的地方 come first in the english exam英語(yǔ)考試第一名take them to the sports center帶他們?nèi)ンw育中心tell somebod

6、y about something告訴某人關(guān)于某事send an e-mail to somebody發(fā)電子郵件給某人語(yǔ) 法 精 講1. 方位介詞（prepositions of place）1) 常用的方位介詞（詞組） 成反義詞：above-below, over-under, inside-outside, in front of-behind 有關(guān)聯(lián)的：above-over-on, below-under, beside-next to, at-in, between-among 其他：opposite2) 使用時(shí)的注意點(diǎn)a. 方位介詞在句子中的位置 the book is under

7、the desk. （be動(dòng)詞的后面） he is standing between the two trees.（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的后面） do you know the man in front of the classroom?（放在名詞后面修飾它） he lives in an old house in the center of the city.（作為整句話的狀語(yǔ)）b. above和below，over和under 這兩組反義詞的前者都表示“在上方”，后者都表示“在下方”。 there are some bridges over the river. whats under the bed

8、? an old shoe. the shelf is above the top bunk bed. she lives two floors below linda.c. above, over和on 這三個(gè)詞都表示“在上面”，on是指和物體有接觸，over是指在正上方，沒有接觸面，above也是沒有接觸面，正上方或斜上方，但現(xiàn)在可代替over，如： the wooden house is over / above the river. the bag is on the table. there is a plane flying above our heads.d. at和in 這兩個(gè)

9、詞常用在arrive后面，at后加小地點(diǎn)，in后加大地點(diǎn)，如： he arrived at the airport at 4 p.m. we will arrive in beijing tomorrow morning.e. between和among between是指在兩者之間，常用詞組betweenand，而among是在三者或三者以上之間，如： i sit between lily and lucy. mr. li likes staying among his students.（注：英語(yǔ)中的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，沒有特別指出是兩個(gè)，都默認(rèn)為三者或三者以上）f. opposite：在對(duì)面 如：

10、our school is opposite a park.2. 基數(shù)詞（cardinal numbers）表示數(shù)目的數(shù)詞是基數(shù)詞。1) 基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成a. 兩位數(shù)：十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)之間加連字符。如：23 twenty-threeb. 三位數(shù)：百位數(shù)與最后兩位數(shù)加and（美語(yǔ)省略and）。如：201 two hundred and one 642 six hundred and forty-twoc. 四位數(shù)：thousand之后加逗號(hào)，后面依照以上原則。如：1,351 one thousand, three hundred and fifty-oned. 表示萬以上的數(shù)目，將數(shù)字由右向左每三位加

11、一個(gè)逗號(hào)，使一個(gè)數(shù)字分成幾個(gè)小節(jié)，稱為thousand節(jié)，million節(jié)等，然后按節(jié)處理，如： 68,343 sixty-eight thousand, three hundred and forty-three 13, 526, 300 thirteen million, five hundred twenty-six thousand, three hundred英語(yǔ)中沒有直接的單詞來表示“萬”和“億”，如： 一萬 10,000 ten thousand 兩萬 20,000 twenty thousand 十萬 100,000 one hundred thousand 三十萬 300,0

12、00 three hundred thousand 一千萬 10,000,000 ten million 兩千萬 20,000,000 twenty million一億 100,000,000 one hundred million表示十億，美國(guó)用one billion，英國(guó)用one thousand million2)基數(shù)詞的運(yùn)用a. 表示確切數(shù)目時(shí)，hundred，thousand和million只能用單數(shù)，不能變復(fù)數(shù)；但表示不確定的數(shù)目時(shí)，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：five hundred 五百 three thousand 三千hundreds of 成百上千的 thousands of 成千

13、上萬的millions of 數(shù)百萬的 b. 表示時(shí)間：7:30 seven thirtyc. 表示年代：in the 1980s（讀作nineteen eighties）在二十世紀(jì)八十年代 2005（讀作two thousand and five）d. 表示不確定的年齡：in his twenties 在他二十幾歲時(shí) 3. 序數(shù)詞（ordinal numbers） 表示人或物的順序的數(shù)詞是序數(shù)詞。1) 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 一二三，特殊記， （first，second，third） 加th從四起； (從四開始所有的序數(shù)詞都是以th結(jié)尾的。) 八少t，九少e； (eight去t加th變成eighth，

14、nine去e加上th變成 ninth) 逢五與十二，f替ve ； (five，twelve中ve變?yōu)閒再加th，就成為fifth，twelfth) 二十到九十，y變ie； （2090等十位整數(shù)的基數(shù)詞都是以y結(jié)尾的， 變成序數(shù)詞時(shí)要變y為ie,再加th。例如：twentieth，thirtieth等。） 若是幾十幾，前基后序要牢記。（這些詞的序數(shù)詞寫法是：十位數(shù)保持基數(shù)詞不變，個(gè)位數(shù)改成序數(shù)詞，如：twenty-first, ninety-fifth.） 百位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞：百位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞后面十位數(shù)或個(gè)位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞，如： 第二百二十 two hundred and twentieth 第二百零三

15、two hundred and third序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞的最后兩個(gè)字母構(gòu)成，如： two hundred and twentieth - 220th two hundred and third - 203rd第九 ninth 十九 nineteen 第十九 nineteenth 九十 ninety 第九十 ninetieth 第四 fourth 十四 fourteen 第十四 fourteenth 四十 forty 第四十 fortieth2）序數(shù)詞的用法a. 表示日期，如：march 18th, 1978 或 18th march, 1978b. 表示編號(hào)或順序，如：t

16、he sixth lesson = lesson sixc. 前面一般加定冠詞the，如：he is the first student to get to the school every day. 如果序數(shù)詞前面有形容詞性物主代詞，可以不加the，如：it was his fifth bowl of rice for lunch.d. 有時(shí)還可以作副詞用，如：i finished the homework first in my class today.4. no和none的用法1) noa. no表示“沒有”，作為形容詞時(shí)后面接名詞（可數(shù)和不可數(shù)），相當(dāng)于not any 或not a,

17、如：i have no brothers. = i do not have any brothers. there is no student in the classroom. = there is not a student in the classroom. i drank no water this morning. = i did not drink any water this morning.b. 還可以用來回答一般疑問句，如： did you have lunch? no, i didnt.2) none 表示“沒有人”或“沒有東西”，后面不能接名詞，可以作為可數(shù)或不可數(shù)。如：

18、-how many chips are there in the packet? -there are none.-how much orange juice do you have? -we have none.5. 定冠詞the1) 指上文所提到過的人或物，如：i have a cat. the cat is white.2) 指世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物，如：the capital of china, the sun3) 用于序數(shù)詞，方位名詞和最高級(jí)的前面，如：the second, in the north, the best game4) 用于樂器前面，如：play the piano5)

19、 用于一些形容詞的前面，表示一類人，如：the old 老人，the rich 富人6. there is a swimming pool which is 50 metres long. 有一個(gè)50米長(zhǎng)的游泳池。 這里which is 50 metres long 是修飾前面的a swimming pool，在英語(yǔ)中不能像中文一樣把句子放在名詞前面作為修飾語(yǔ)，所以放在該名詞的后面，which是關(guān)系詞，在以后的學(xué)習(xí)中會(huì)詳細(xì)表述。再來一個(gè)例句： i have a friend who can play tennis. 我有一個(gè)會(huì)打網(wǎng)球的朋友。7. want help with our homew

20、ork. 在作業(yè)方面需要幫助 在這里help是不可數(shù)名詞，所以用want (some) help表示“需要一些幫助”，動(dòng)詞help用詞組help with ，意思是“在某方面幫助某人”，因此名詞詞組也用with，want (some) help with。8. you can shop until ten. 你可以一直購(gòu)物到十點(diǎn)。 until意思“直到”，前面的動(dòng)作一直做到until后面的時(shí)間，還有一種用法，not until的含義是“不做某事直到“，即意為”直到 才“。如：he didnt go to bed until 11 oclock last night. 昨晚他直到11點(diǎn)才上床睡覺

21、。we wont leave here until we are told to. 我們直到被告知（離開）才會(huì)離開這兒。9. why dont you visit our local theatre with us? 為何不和我們一起參觀當(dāng)?shù)氐膭≡耗兀?why dont you do something? = why not do something? 表示提出建議，其他句型還有： what / how about something / doing something? 如：how about drinking milk? 喝牛奶如何？ lets do . 如：lets learn some

22、thing interesting. 讓我們學(xué)點(diǎn)有趣的東西吧。 shall we do ? 如：shall we do some shopping this weekend? 這個(gè)周末我們?nèi)ベ?gòu)物嗎？ wed better do 如：wed better tell him the truth. 我們最好告訴他真相。10. the party was really great, wasnt it? 這個(gè)聚會(huì)真的很棒，不是嗎？ 這是反意疑問句。該句型有三個(gè)原則：前后人稱一致，前后動(dòng)詞一致，前面肯定后面否定。人稱一致是指后面用的人稱代詞要和前面的主語(yǔ)一致，it替代的是the party；代詞一致是指前

23、后用同一種代詞并且時(shí)態(tài)一致。如： he can play football, cant he?she went to shanghai last week, didnt she? there wasnt a meeting yesterday, was there?典 例 解 析1. every spring, people plant _ trees to make our city more beautiful.a. five thousands of b. five thousands c. thousand of d. thousands of解析：答案選d。thousand有兩個(gè)用法

24、，一為表示具體的數(shù)目，thousand只能用單數(shù)，如“兩千”two thousand，另一為表示不確切的數(shù)目，thousands of成千上萬，兩者不能同時(shí)用，所以只能選d。2. _ student comes from france.a. twenty-three b. the twenty-three c. the twenty-third d. twenty-third解析：答案選c。這兒需弄清基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的區(qū)別，題目中是student單數(shù)，所以不能用基數(shù)詞twenty-three,否則student要變成復(fù)數(shù)，而序數(shù)詞前面要加定冠詞the。故選c。3. the teacher is

25、giving us a talk _ the classroom.a. in front of b. in the front of c. under d. between解析：答案選b。首先理解“give us a talk”，意思是“作講座”，后面又有classroom，意思應(yīng)該是“在教室里”，再比較a和b選項(xiàng)，a是指“在整個(gè)物體的前面”，b是指“在物體內(nèi)部的前部”。故選b。4. i think kunming is a good place _ either in summer or in winter.a. going b. to go c. goes d. go解析：答案選b。to

26、go在這里是用來修飾a good place，意思是“一個(gè)好去處”，由于to go不是形容詞，所以不能放在place前面，而good是形容詞可以放place前面。故選b。5. what _ do you want to buy?a. other b. else c. else things d. others解析：答案選b。else意思是“其他”，但它不像other（其他）可以用在形容詞前面，而是用在不定代詞（如something, anybody）和疑問詞（如what, where等）前面，像本題中what else意思是“其他什么”，如果要用other，應(yīng)該是other things。故選

27、b。6. it _ me five minutes to walk to school.a. spends b. costsc. takes d. has解析：答案選c。a，b和c選項(xiàng)都可表示“花費(fèi)”，spend是人作主語(yǔ)，somebody spends time / money on / doing人花時(shí)間或金錢在某物上或做某事，cost是物體作主語(yǔ)，something cost (somebody) money某物花去某人多少錢或某物值多少錢，take也是物體作主語(yǔ)或it作形式主語(yǔ)，it takes somebody some time to do something做某事花去某人一段時(shí)間

28、，it是形式上的主語(yǔ)，而真正的主語(yǔ)是to do something。故選c。7. wilson lives on the tenth floor and elsa lives on the sixth floor. so wilson lives 4 floors _ elsa and elsa lives 4 floors _ wilson.a. below / above b. above / below c. on / under d. under / on解析：答案選b。住在上面或下面”用live above / below表示，再加入“幾層”，而on the tenth floor表

29、示“在第十層”，只是一個(gè)樓層。故選b。8. our school playground is about _.a. 400 metre long b. 400 metres long c. 400-metres-long d. 400-metre-long解析：答案選b。表示數(shù)字加單位的有兩種形式，一種是詞組，如13 years old，超過一要用復(fù)數(shù)，并且只能用在be動(dòng)詞后面，另一種是單詞，如13-year-old，超過一不要用復(fù)數(shù)，并且只能用在名詞前面。故選b。綜 合 練 習(xí) (a)i. 選擇你所聽到的內(nèi)容 (5%)() 1. a. plays b. place c. palace d.

30、pays() 2. a. france b. french c. from d. friend() 3. a. quite b. quiet c. quietly d. quick() 4. a. shall b. show c. shy d. share() 5. a. 12,062 b. 12,026 c. 21,602 d. 1,206ii. 根據(jù)你所聽到的上句選擇符合邏輯的下句 (5%)() 1. a. whos calling? b. who are you? c. my name is simon. d. how do you do!() 2.a. on the 4th floor

31、. b. in thailand. c. in a flat. d. i like it.() 3. a. a bed. b. a basin. c. a computer. d. a fridge.() 4. a. there are 2 bedrooms. b. they are 2 bedrooms. c. there are 5. d. they are 5.() 5.a. floor 1 b. floor2. c. floor 3. d. floor 5.iii. 單項(xiàng)選擇 (15%)() 1. there are _ things to do in sunshine town.a.

32、 lots b. lot of c. many d. much() 2. we want to _ you _ life in our city.a. say/about b. talk/of c. speak/of d. tell/about() 3. how do you go to school every day? _.a. by a bike b. by a bicyclec. on my bicycle d. in my bike() 4. i live in a house _ a bus stop.a. near to b. nextc. close to d. is clos

33、e() 5. do you want me to help you _ your english?a. of b. to c. with d. to learning() 6. what _ you _ last night in the bushes? i heard nothing.a. are / hearing b. will / hearc. did / hear d. did / heard() 7. look! a dog _ in the middle of the road. please try to move it away.a. lieing b. is lieingc

34、. lying d. is lying() 8. dont make any noise. peter is sleeping in his _.a. bunk bed b. bunk bedsc. bunk d. beds() 9. did you _ a taxi to the park yesterday?a. order b. buy c. mend d. sell() 10. my brother enjoys _ and he often goes to _.a. to play football, a shopping mall b. playing football, rest

35、aurantsc. to play football, a playground d. playing football, a sports center() 11. _ do these apples cost?a. how b. how many c. how much d. what() 12. there is _ any milk left in the fridge.a. no b. not c. none d. some() 13. simon is going to show you _ his new school later.a. in b. at c. visit d.

36、around() 14. it _ mr. yang half an hour to get here yesterday.a. take b. took c. spends d. costs() 15. who _ are you going to meet tomorrow?a. other b. else c. others d. else peopleiv. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (10%)1. he lives in a _ house. the house is made of large _.(wood)2. my mother always makes _ in the k

37、itchen. we have supper in the _ room. (dinner)3. our neighbors are all very _. we often make _ with each other. (friend)4. they _(hold) a party for the american students last sunday. it _(be) very interesting.5. my parents usually go _(walk) after supper along the river bank.6. why _(not go) to the

38、zoo instead？v. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 (5%)1. we need four cartons of milk.(根據(jù)劃線部分提問)_2. i had three loaves of bread for breakfast. (根據(jù)劃線部分提問)_3. my uncle bought a tin of coke for me in the shop nearby. (根據(jù)劃線部分提問)_4. it takes 40 minutes to walk to the supermarket. (根據(jù)劃線部分提問)_5. neil lives with his parents in a flat in

39、 the center of a city. (根據(jù)劃線部分提問)_vi. 完成句子 (15%)1. 瓶子里有多少橘汁？一點(diǎn)也沒有。_2. 媽媽正在廚房中做飯。我能捎個(gè)口信嗎？_3. 底樓有一個(gè)游泳池。你想去那兒?jiǎn)幔縚4. 我將帶你去參觀我的家鄉(xiāng)。_5. 我恐怕不能幫你。_vii. 完型填空 (10%)all big cities are quite similar. living in a modern asian city is not different _ living in an american city. but the same cannot be said about _ o

40、n farms. in many parts of _ , farmers and their families live in villages or towns. in the usa, each farm family live on _ own fields, and often they live far away from each other. _traveling from a village to the fields every morning, american farmers stay on their land _. they travel to the neares

41、t town on saturdays for _. of course life _ changing for everyone, including(包括) farmers. today they have cars, good roads, radios and television sets. _ of course there are modern machines for farming. _ have changed farm life.() 1. a. fromb. asc. withd. for() 2. a. lived b. live c. living d. lives

42、() 3. a. the country b. the world c. the city d. the mountain() 4. a. ones b. its c. its d. his() 5. a. instead of b. instead c. not to d. for() 6. a. for a moment b. for weekdays c. several times d. for a visit() 7. a. swimming b. fishing c. shopping d. beginning() 8. a. keeps b. stops c. start d.

43、beginning() 9. a. or b. but c. so d. and()10. a. much of it b. some of thesec. all of these d. many of theseviii. 閱讀理解 (20%)(a)many people have dogs or cats as pets. mr. jenkins wanted a different kind of pet, so he bought a lion!the first night, mr. jenkins put the lion in a bedroom and locked the

44、door. the next morning he went to look at his new pet. the lion had broken the bed, eaten a blanket, torn the rug, and chewed a chair.mr. jenkins sold the lion and bought a puppy. he said, “a puppy is a better pet to have in a house. lions belong in zoos.”( )1. which of the following is mr. jenkins

45、new pet?a. a cat b. a dog c. a lion d. a pig( )2. mr. jenkins put his pet in a _.a. kitchen b. cage c. garage d. bedroom( )3. mr. jenkins kept his pet _.a. for a short time b. for many yearsc. in his car d. to scare people( )4. the story says that the pet _.a. ate the bed b. tore the rug c. hid a ta

46、ble d. bit mr. jenkins( )5. the best title is _.a. a puppy that chased a lion b. lions are not good petsc. building a new house d. a lion runs away(b)mrs smith often felt lonely when her husband went to work. the room was small and it took her only half an hour to tidy（整理） it. she couldnt get up ear

47、ly in the morning, so mr smith had to prepare （準(zhǔn)備）breakfast himself. she usually had some bread and milk for lunch and cooked supper for herself and her husband. they had no television. they always went to bed at nine. it was a winter morning. the sun was shining and it was warmer outside. mrs smith sat on the steps(臺(tái)階) of a shop, looking at the busy traffic（交通）. at that moment a man with a map in his hand was coming to her.excuse me, madam, said the man. could you tell me how to get to the near