公共管理學(xué)（Public administration ）

1、公共管理學(xué)85713（Public administration 85713）1, public management: forces to the government as the core of the public sector for social integration, widely used method of political and economic, management, law, strengthening the governance ability of the government to improve government performance and q

2、uality of public services, so as to realize the public welfare and public interest. It focuses on public administration as a profession, and sees public administrators as practitioners of that profession. (nature reads 4)2, the new public management: the human self-interest hypothesis, public choice

3、 and agent based on transaction cost theory, developed by the traditional management and pay attention to the new Taylorism basis, its core: emphasize the economic value superiority, emphasizing the market function, emphasizing the large-scale use of enterprise management philosophy and technology,

4、emphasizing the customer oriented administrative style.3, external economy: also known as external interests. Refers to the benefit of an economic activity or a project that is enjoyed by the person who has nothing to do with it.4, external diseconomy: also called external loss cost. Refers to the e

5、conomic loss caused by the economic activities of an enterprise, while the enterprise does not bear the external cost.*, fiscal policy: government to use fiscal balance as a balance factor, to achieve economic stability through fiscal: maintain employment, price stability and full control of the tot

6、al demand in order to maintain proper growth rate.5, monetary policy: Generally speaking, through the control of the supply of money to seek economic stability, the implementation of the main body of the central bank, rather than the government.6, strategy: first originated in the military field, is

7、 the overall goal of an organization, it involves a period of time to promote the overall development of the policy, the main policies and tasks.7, public policy: the public authority, to solve a public problem or meet a public needs, the choice of action plan or inaction.8, the policy is pathology:

8、 policy analysts often put forward the correct solution to the wrong problem, he thought to solve the problem, in fact from the crux of the problem, which leads to the policy effect.9, performance budget: the United States Hoover Committee, the Organizing Committee of the administrative organ that i

9、s proposed in 1949 report to Congress, the report said: the Performance Budget Department of the preparation of the governments functions, and business plans based on the budget. The performance budget will focus on the implementation of general important work.10, the electronic government refers to

10、 the government to effectively use modern information and communication technology, through the different information service facilities (such as telephone, network, public computer station), the government, enterprises, social organizations and citizens in the more convenient time, place and manner

11、, to provide automation and other information the service, so as to build a responsive, efficient, responsible and has a higher quality of service government. It is a comprehensive concept of using IT technology to strengthen the efficiency and efficiency of government, to improve the quality of gov

12、ernment decision-making, to save government costs, to innovate government processes, and to provide public services.Performance management: the use of performance information to assist in setting performance goals, the resource allocation and priority arrangements, set goals to maintain or change th

13、e plan to inform managers, and report to the management process in line with the objectives of the success.11, benchmarking: the word benchmarking, the original geological personnel or land and political personnel in surveying, symbols on the terrain, ground features, as a reference point of measure

14、ment. Benchmarking management, that is, the pursuit of excellence in management, and learning to translate to improve organizational performance management tools.12, privatization: refers to the market or private sector involved in the production and delivery of public services process.13, nonprofit

15、 organizations: essentially an organization that limits the net surplus to anyone who supervises and manages the organization, such as members of the organization, directors or directors. That is to say, non-profit organizations are subject to the non allocation of surplus.14, total quality manageme

16、nt: the meaning of the research, why, there has been no consensus. It is argued that total quality management is a wide range of licensing and participatory management models;Some people think that the overall quality management quality control process for production line; some people think that the

17、 comprehensive treatment plan for management of organizational culture change, but also that total quality management is the process of quality control system of record.15, reinventing government: the government reform will involve a change of state and society, government and market, government and

18、 the public, the government and enterprises of the adjustment of the relationship, concept, structure, ways and methods involving governance reform; government involves both the internal organization, operation procedure of adjustment, more involved in external relations adjustment.16, enterprise go

19、vernment refers to government departments by a group of entrepreneurial public managers, they can use a variety of innovative strategies, so that the original rigid bureaucracy to restore vitality, and effective use of resources to improve the efficiency of the government.Two, select:1. Wilsons admi

20、nistration study published in 1887 called for the establishment of a new type of administrative science.2., the term public administration first appeared in 1930s.3. public management as a research field, it was formally produced in twentieth Century 70 - 80s.4., the first stage of the development o

21、f Public Administration: dichotomy of politics and Administration (1900 - 1926). Goodnow put forward in 1900. The second stage: administrative principles (1927 - 1937). In 1929, Wei Shu published the principles of public administration. PDSDCORB is the best embodiment of administrative principles. T

22、he third stage: public administration, that is, political science. The fourth stage: public administration, that is, management.5., three pressures promote the rise of Public Management: first, financial pressure, two is the pressure of service quality, and three is ideological pressure.6., the rese

23、arch approach of public management is divided into P approach, that is, public policy approach and B approach, that is, enterprise management. The P approach represents the flexible surface of public affairs management, and policy analysis represents the hard side of public affairs management.7., pa

24、y attention to the industrial and commercial policy and management strategy, no longer focus on the internal administrative mechanism and process, so they have changed their name to management college.8. famous management guru Henry Mintzberg once summed up eight ways to study the functions and role

25、s of managers.9., managers work in a large amount; management is diversified and trivial; managers are in the focus of the organization; managers are a mixture of rights and responsibilities.10., the key point in the public sector is that the public sector is the result of public and political decis

26、ions, not the result of market operations. The central difference is whether or not it has legal compulsion. The development of modern economy and society is the product of the interaction between the two. Any economy and society are the organic combination of the public and private sectors, and the

27、 two are interdependent. The private sector depends on the provision of infrastructure and law by the government, which relies on the private sector to provide products and services, and relies on them to provide the infrastructure for government operations - taxes.11. public products include: natio

28、nal defense, police, security, administrative products and services, parks, roads and other public facilities and services.12., the governments responsibility is to take effective measures to ensure the effectiveness of competition in view of the existence of monopoly or other non competitive factor

29、s and the incomplete competition caused by them.Direct methods are: 13. the government achieve the redistribution of tax transfer, buy a progressive income tax on high income, consumer goods tax, of course, in the choice of the policy, must take into account the resulting economic losses, namely pre

30、 outside cost efficiency.14. infrastructure services include public facilities, public works, and other transportation sectors.15., an effective government should be responsive, representative, responsible and reliable.16., there are two approaches to the construction of policy problems: good struct

31、ural problems and ill structured problems.17., the theoretical model of policy implementation: from top to bottom, from bottom to top.18., the policy evaluation results should be dealt with as follows: policy adjustment; policy program continuity; policy program termination; policy restructuring.Nin

32、eteenThe characteristics of learning and organizational learning are its openness, decentralization, information sharing, and the importance of innovation.20., the leadership rights are divided into five kinds: the right of rewards and punishments, the right of coercion, the right of law, the right

33、of experts and the right of reference.21., as the standard of the way the leaders use rights, they are divided into autocratic leadership, laissez faire leadership and democratic leadership.22., with the leaders style and attitude as the standard, divided into: personnel oriented leadership, work or

34、iented leadership.23., there are three representative theories of contingency leadership theory: Ai Van Xue Vecchis theory of situational factors, Federers contingency leadership theory and his approach goal theory.24. human resource management was a popular and flourishing field of management in 19

35、70s, especially since 80s.25. the founders of human capital are Theodore Schultz and Gary Becker of the University of Chicago. They believe that manpower is the decisive factor in economic development and social progress.26., human resource management to improve the quality of government services.27

36、., the government budget, as a tool for government management, is the blueprint for government policy.28., the government budget includes: Double budget, performance budget system, design plan budget and zero base budget system.Claude, a 29.1949 year cybernetics expert, defined the information as a

37、decrease in uncertainty.30. the development of E-government in countries: (1) the United States government. Since 1980s, Gores national performance evaluation commission has proposed the use of information technology to rebuild the government. British government. An experimental plan for government

38、information services in 1994. Japanese government. Canadian government. Australian government. Two hundred and fifty-three31. privatization of public service aims: one is to use the market economy economic principle and the principle of efficiency, and improve the level and quality of public service

39、; the two is for certain government functions and government business, deletion or termination of the scope of government activities and to reduce government functions.32., the types of privatization: divestment, entrustment, substitution.33., the nongovernmental nature of non-profit organizations m

40、akes it impossible to provide some public services, such as public services involving national security, public safety and the implementation of law, which can not be provided by non-profit organizations.34., the governments overall quality management is an important basis for customer satisfaction

41、as the core of the quality of government services.35. quality of work life - the new strategy of public human resource management: what is the quality of work life, the quality of work life, the standard of quality of work life?.Three, answer / discussion:1., the characteristics of public management

42、? FiveOne is the government is the most basic organization environment; two is in charge of the function will be the focus of the study; three is to study more effective management principle and technology is the key to the development of administrative ability; four is the comparative method is the

43、 study and promotion of the administrative areas of progress.2., the characteristics of public administration? ElevenPublic management is basically a concept of integration. Public management is the management of private sector in the public sector, but it does not change the subjectivity of the pub

44、lic sector. Third, public management attaches great importance to the external environment, and emphasizes the strategic design and policy design of the top management. Public management is not equal to government management, but it means a new governance. Public management emphasizes value reconcil

45、iation and responsibility. The management of public concern and attention of government reform and reconstruction. The public management is a research domain of science and technology integration.3., what are the characteristics of public management and the difference between private management and

46、private management? TwelveThe two are integral and integral parts of the whole society. The public or private domains are often connected and interactive rather than separated. Distinction: political authority and economic authority. Multi system, horizontal and autonomy. Public interests and privat

47、e interests. The domination of law and the autonomy of will. Government and market. The multivariate rational and economic rationality.4. Mintzbergs point of view? Thirty-fourThe role of interpersonal relationship. The titular head of the leader;Liaison officer. The role of information. A listener;

48、a disseminator; a spokesperson. The decision role. Entrepreneur; troubleshooting; allocation of resources; negotiator.5., what roles should public managers play? Thirty-eightImplementation and defence of the constitution. Role of peoples trustee. The wise minority role. Role of balance wheel. Play t

49、he role of analyzer and educator.6. should the skills of public managers consist mainly of several aspects? Thirty-nineTechnical skills. Interpersonal skills. Conceptual skills. Diagnostic skills. Communication skills.7. what are the basic characteristics of effective public managers?Effective publi

50、c managers must be a good self evaluator. Effective public managers must be no nuisance. Effective public managers must pursue good will and comprehensive political feeling. Effective public managers must be patient. Effective public managers must have a variety of work experience. The effective pub

51、lic management must be based on people oriented. The effective public managers must be good at analysis and thinking.8. what is market failure? Reason? Fifty-fiveMarket failure is the inefficient allocation of resources caused by market imperfections. Market failure includes two cases: first, the ma

52、rket mechanism can not effectively configure the social resources; but the market economy can not solve the non economic objectives other than efficiency. Reasons: insufficient supply of public goods. Monopoly in the market economy. Thirdly, the externality of market economy. Market fluctuation and

53、economic instability. Income inequality in the market economy.9. what is government failure? Reason? Sixty-fiveThe so-called government failure refers to the lack of the essence of the existence of the government mechanism, and can not make the efficiency of resource allocation to achieve the best s

54、ituation. Reasons: first, the separation of costs and benefits: excess and cost increase. II. The complexity and low quality of policy making. Third, internal problems. Low efficiency of government organization. Another kind of unfair distribution. The rent. No, the efficiency of policy implementati

55、on. The ownership is incomplete. In short, government intervention may not work.10., the basic characteristics of strategic management? Seventy-sixStrategic management is the future oriented. Strategic management focuses on the long-term and overall strategy. Strategic management is the process in w

56、hich an organization seeks growth and development opportunities and identifies threats. Strategic management is a combination of perception and rational analysis. Strategic management is a process of sustainability and recycling. The strategic management is a forward-looking thinking and from the ma

57、nagement philosophy.11., the four step in the strategic management process? Seventy-eightStrategic analysis. Strategic planning. Strategic implementation. Strategic evaluation.12.SWOT analysis and strategic planning? Eighty-threeSWOT analysis is a method of making good strategies by understanding th

58、e strengths and weaknesses of your organization, mastering external opportunities, and avoiding threats. The list of key steps: external opportunities of the organization; the organization of the list of key external threats; the list of key internal strengths of the organization; the organization of the list of key internal weaknesses; the internal strengths and external opportunities, the formation of SO strategy; the internal weaknesses and external opportunities, and will form the WO strategy; the internal strengths and ext