2007年清華大學博士研究生入學考試英語試題附答案

1、英語試題庫http：/2007年清華大學博士研究生入學考試英語試題part reading comprehension (40 % )directions: there are 4 reading passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and dyou should decide on the best choice and then mar

2、k the corresponding letter on the answer sheetquestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passagesometimes, over a span of many years, a business will continue to grow, generating ever-increasing amounts of cash, repurchasing stock, paying increased dividends, reducing debt, opening new stores, ex

3、panding production facilities, moving into new markets, etc., while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls)when this happens, the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading rangetake, for example, wal-

4、mart. over the past five years, the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80, profits by over 100, and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30 during that timeframe. clearly, the valuation picture has changed. an investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed o

5、n the security, deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. today, however, the equation is completely different-despite the stock price, walmart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings

6、 power, more stores, and a bigger infrastructure. home depot is in much the same boat, largely because some wall street analysts question how fast two of the worlds largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economycoca-cola is another e

7、xcellent example of this phenomenon. ten years ago, in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $ 3610 and $ 5430 per share. at the time, it had reported earnings per share of $140 and paid a cash dividend of $ 050 per share. corporate per share book value was $ 248last year, the stock traded withi

8、n a range of $ 4030 and $ 4530 per share; squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! yet, despite the stagnant stock price, the 2006 estimates value line investment survey estimates for earnings per share standaround $ 216 (a rise of 54), the cash dividend has more th

9、an doubled to $120, book value is expected to have grown to $ 740 per share (a gain of nearly 300), and the total number of shares outstanding (未償付的，未完成的)has actually decreased from 2481 billion to an estimated 2355 billion due to the companys share repurchase program16this passage is probably a par

10、t of_afind hidden value in the market bbecome richercget good bargains didentify good companies17the italicized word “stagnant” (line 4, para. 1)can be best paraphrased as_aprominent bterrible cunchanged dprogressing18wal-mart is now trading at a much lower price becauseait has stored a large quanti

11、ty of goodsbit has become financially more powerfulcit has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcydit is a good way to compete with other retailing companies19all the following are shared by wal-mart and coco-cola except_athe cash dividend has increasedbthe earning power has become stronge

12、rcboth businesses have continued to growdthe stock price has greatly decreased20according to the author, one had better_abuy more shares when the stock price falls downbsell out the shares when the stock price falls downcdo some research on the value. of a business when its stock price falls downdin

13、vest in the business when its stock price fails downquestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passagetodays college students are more narcissistic (自戀的) and self-centered than their predecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmf

14、ul to personal relationships and american society“we need to stop endlessly repeating youre special and having children repeat that back, ”said the studys lead author, professor jean twenge of san diego state university. “kids are self-centered enough already. ”“unfortunately, narcissism can also ha

15、ve very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of close relationships with others, ” he said. the study asserts that narcissists “are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived, at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmth, and to exhibit game-playing, disho

16、nesty, and over-controlling and violent behaviors”. twenge, the author of “generation me： why todays young americans are more confident, assertive, entitled-and more miserable than ever before”, said narcissists tend to lack empathy, react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over help

17、ing otherssome analysts have commended todays young people for increased commitment to volunteer work. but twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically, noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applicationscampbell said

18、 the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明顯的)that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. “permissiveness seems to be a component, ” he said. “a potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting. less indulgence might be called for. ”yet students, while acknowledging some legitima

19、cy to such findings, dont necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generationhanady kader, a university of washington senior, said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded. but she is dismayed (氣餒；心,)by the competitiven

20、ess of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status. “were encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand in your way, ” kader said. “i can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships. ”kari dalane, a

21、 university of vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered. “people are worried about themselves-but in the sense of where are theyre going to find a place in the world, ” she said. “people want to look their best, have a good time, but it d

22、oesnt mean theyre not concerned about the rest of the world. ”besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome, dalane said. “it would be more depressing if people answered, no, im not special. ”21according to the passage, a narcissistic person may21according to the passa

23、ge, a narcissistic person may_ahate criticism bbe dishonest to his/her partnercbe unwilling to help others dall the above22the italicized word “commended”(line 1, para. 3)means_apraised bcriticized crecommended ddisfavored23which of the following is not true according to the passage?anarcissism may

24、result in bad consequencesbcollege students are active to participate in volunteer workcsome people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurgedsome college students are overly engaged in self-promotion24it is implied that_aboth the researchers and college students are worried

25、 about the trend of narcissismbthe researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studycthe researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the studydcollege students are pessimistic about their future25it is proper to be when you hear someone say “im special”a

26、objective bpessimistic coptimistic dworriedquestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passagethe house is expected to pass a piece of legislation thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership am

27、ong private industriesthe employee free choice act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards, instead of waiting for the national labor relations board to oversee a secret ballot election, which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completedrepresen

28、tatives of business on capitol hill oppose the bill. the national association of manufacturers, the national federation of independent business, the u. s. chamber of commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the worke

29、rs. “this isnt about preventing increased unionization, its about protecting rights”, said the national association of manufacturers jason straczewski, of his organizations opposition to bill. straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion(旨迫,脅迫)from unionssa

30、muel of the afl-cio contends the real coercion comes from employers. “workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers arent,” samuel said. he cites the 31, 358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the national labor relations board in 2005samuel also points ou

31、t that counter to claims from the business lobby, the secret ballot would not be eliminated. the change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers. “on the ground, the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between

32、night and day,” said richard shaw of the harris county central labor council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local levelthe bill has other provisions (規(guī)定，條款)as well. the employee free choice act would also impose binding arbitration (促裁)when a company and a newly formed union cann

33、ot agree on a con-tract after 3 months. an agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effect for 2 years, a fact that straczewski calls, “borderline unconstitutional”. “i dont see how it will benefit employees if theyre locked into a contract,” said straczewskithe bills pr

34、oponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers. the federal mediation and conciliation service, the organization that oversees arbitration, reported that in 2004, 45 percent of newly formed unions were denied first contracts by employers. the bill w

35、ould also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees. as it stands, the law on the books hasnt changed substantially since the national labor relations act was made into law in 1935the nlbr can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired emplo

36、yees or recovering lost wages26which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?ahouse bill aims to spur labor union growthbhouse bill aims to counter labor union growthcemployee free choice act aims to spur employmentdemployee free choice act aims to raise employees in

37、come27according to its opponents, the bill_awill protect employees rightsbwill benefit workers by binding contractscwill empower unions too muchdmakes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions28the word “it” ( line 5, para. 5 ) refers to_athe change bthe legislationcthe afl-cio dthe

38、 difference29people support the bill because of the following reasons exceptathe bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industriesbthe bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local levelcbinding arbitration will be imposed to protect

39、 employees if a contract cant be agreed on betweena recently established union and a companydthe bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employ ees30it is implied that_afewer private industries joined unions in the pastbworkers coercion often comes from u

40、nionscthe bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersdpunishment authorized by the bill will be lighterquestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passagesome african americans have had a profound impact on american society, changing many peoples views on race, history and politics.

41、 the following is a sampling of african americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their idealsmuhammad allcassius marcellus clay grew up a devout baptist in louisville, kentucky, learning to fight at age 12 after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself. six

42、years later, he was an olympic boxing champion, going on to win three world heavyweight titles. he became known as much for his swagger (趾高氣揚) outside the ring as his movement in it, converting to islam in 1965, changing his name to muhammad ali and refusing to join the u. s. army on religious groun

43、ds. ali remained popular after his athletic career ended and he developed parkinsons disease, even lighting the olympic torch at the 1996 atlanta olympics and conveying the peaceful virtues of islam following the september 11 terrorist attacksw. ebdu bois(william edward burghardt du bois)born in 186

44、8, this massachusetts native was one of the most prominent, prolific intellectuals of his time. an academic, activist and historian, du bois co-founded the national association for the advancement of colored people (naacp), edited “the crisis” magazine and wrote 17 books, four journals and many othe

45、r scholarly articles. in perhaps his most famous work, “the souls of black folk”, published in 1903, he predicted “the problem of 20th century would be the problem of the colorline”martin luther king jrthe rev. martin luther king jr. is considered one of the most powerful and popular leaders of the

46、american civil rights movement. he spearheaded (帶頭；作先鋒)a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches, sit-ins, boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affect-ed americans attitudes toward race relations. he was awarded the nobel peace prize in 1964malcolm xblack leader malcolm x spoke out about th

47、e concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early 1960s. he denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following, which continued even after his death in 1965interest in the leader surged again after spike lees 1992 movie “malcolm x” was releas

48、edjackie robinsonin 1947, jackie robinson broke the color barrier by joining the brooklyn dodgers, becoming the first black baseball player in the u. s. major leagues. after retirement from baseball in 1957, he remained active in civil rights and youth activities. in 1962, he became the first africa

49、n-american to be inducted into the baseball hall of fame31which of the following is not true about muhammad ali?ahe never served in the armybhe learned to fight at an early agechis popularity decreased after his retirement from boxingdhe loves peace32the italicized word “prolific” (line 2, para. 3)

50、is synonymous to_asmart bskilled cproductive dpioneering33according to the passage, which of the following statements is not true?aw. ebdu bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored peoplebjackie robinson was denied by u. s. major baseball leagues throughout his lifecmartin lut

51、her king jr. was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rights movementsdmalcolm x directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his death34what is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?aeach achieved enormous success in his/her field and was highly rec

52、ognizedbeach was devoted to his/her cause but didnt win recognition until deathcall were active and famous in several fields in their lifetimedall loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities35which of the following can be a title of the passage?alife of famous african americansbinflue

53、nce of famous african americanscpolitical pioneers: icons and intellectualsdcultural pioneers: icons and intellectualspart vocabulary (10)directions: there are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked a, b, c and dchoose the best one that completes the se

54、ntence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word. and then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center36the building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to_the weight of the buildingasubside bidealize cinitiate dsustain37the actress was very_at the insulting question raised by her opponent at the conferenceaextraterrestrial bexplicit cindignant dinnovative38it is known to all that children in this region have strong_to swimming in summer because of the hot weatherainclination bexposure cflux dcorrelation39the tor