Unit5TheBattleAgainstAIDS

1、unit 5 the battle against aidsbackground information1. aids aids, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is a disease which destroys the natural method the body uses to protect against other disease. it is caused by the hiv(human immunodeficiency virus), but aids is different from hiv in that the form

2、er usually causes death while hiv may lead to aids. hiv is spread in three ways: (1) contact with infected blood; (2) sex; (3) mother-to-child.pre-reading activities:aids is a disease that appeared in the united states more than 20 years ago. since then, aids has killed thousands of people and more

3、than a million others are infected. governments have been slow to introduce programs to help public. some aids programs operate out of small businesses. they show films or provide books and information to customers and share these tools with schools, community groups and churches. they also teach ot

4、her groups how to join in the battle to stop the spread of aids. each of us has a duty to help with the war against this disease. all of us can learn how to protect ourselves and others.answers:1 the name of the disease that emerged more than 20 years ago is aids. as a damaging and infectious diseas

5、e, it has killed thousands of people and made more than one million people infected. in addition, it threatens to wipe out an entire generation and leaves another without parents, which itself has contributed to a serious social problem.2 the war described in this passage refers to peoples fighting

6、against the disease: aids. despite the governments inactivity, many local organizations have been established to combat this fatal disease. they make efforts to educate people to guard against the virus by carrying out their educational programs creatively. they use easy-to-understand language or ha

7、nd-drawn pictures to explain the risk of catching aids or emphasize that everyone is at risk and has a right to protect himself or herself.3 each of us should learn to be open-minded and try not to be distracted from the concentration on the solution to the problem itself by the cultural, racial or

8、social barriers. moreover, each of us should learn to be responsible for fighting against this disease and protect us and others as well. in other words, each of us should become an educator and learn to live a healthy life, keeping us free from any unhealthy sex acts, remaining faithful to our marr

9、iage life, and staying far away from any habit-forming drug.main idea of the text ?despite the spread of aids, no cure for it and lack of government activity, some local organizations have been active and creative in the battle against the fatal disease.text structure analysisthe writer of this arti

10、cle lists some ways of winning the war against aids. each idea is presented in a general statement. the writer tries to argue for the idea in problem-solution-evaluation way.the problem-solution is one of the most common patterns we have in writing. the basic structure of the pattern is situation-pr

11、oblem-solution-evaluation. there are some possible differences in the pattern but the basic parts are problems and solutions.we may pay some attention to the organizational words or phrases that are often used in this pattern. the problem or the question is often used to introduce a problem. to solv

12、e and the solution are often used to introduce the solution while the result or as a result is often used for result, effect or evaluation.devices for developing it?problem-solution-evaluation問題解決法 the problem: aids, diagnosed in the late 1970s, has killed more than 204,000 americans, expecting anot

13、her 185,000 of the one million infected with the hiv virus to die; and meanwhile, women and youth in rural southern communities are making up the fastest segment of people with aids. hit with the problems, however, american governments have been slow in stopping the spread of the disease.(para. 1 -

14、3)the solution: numerous local organizations have set up and shared with each other some effective aids educational programs: speak to your community in a way they can hear; train teenagers to educate their peers; redefine “at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status. (p

15、ara. 3-12) the evaluation: these programs are not the only solutions to the crisis but, until there is a cure for aids, they are only safe measures against the virus.(para. 13)part i (para. 1-2)a serious disease named as aids was diagnosed in the u.s.a. in the late 1970s; and since then it has been

16、a big threat to the american society.part ii (para.3-6)in contrast to the governments inactivity, some local organizations have made efforts to fight against aids creatively.part iii (para.713)the organization has generalized some practical methods which are useful to other similar groups.part iv (p

17、ara.14) fighting against aids entails everyones involvement and forces each of us to be an educator and learn to live.vocabulary acquire 指通過逐步的、持續(xù)的、緩慢的過程獲得某物，一經(jīng)獲得就永久保持。he acquired a knowledge of the language by careful study.get最普通，使用最廣泛指通過武力非武力的方式得到或占有某物；也指被動地、消極地領(lǐng)受某物。obtain較為正式，有時可與換用，指通過努力找出或獲得某物

18、gain比obtain更加強(qiáng)調(diào)搜尋過程中的努力，也可指軍事方面的強(qiáng)而有力的奪取。represent: show; be a sign of ; stand for; describehe got a chance to represent china at the olympic games the next year.he does not clearly represent the stages of painting a picture.immunethe medicine will make you immune to the disease. be immune to the man

19、 was told that he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police.那人被告知如果他協(xié)助警察，就可以免受處罰。threatenthe father threatened to punish the child if the child did not obey his orders.distract from: dont let social activities distract you from your study.hand out give out, spread around 拿出來，分發(fā)hand bac

20、k return, give back 歸還hand in give in by hand ; send in 上交hand over give up control of, change 移交，讓與hand down pass down by hand; assist to get down with the hand 傳下去 hand on依次傳遞 language notes1 be diagnosed as (with) aids (l.1)since the infectious disease was hard to diagnose, we had to isolate the

21、patients whose syndromes we were partly certain.鑒于這種傳染病很難診斷,我們只好將疑似病人隔離起來.2 to be expected to die (l.4)this business, in which he has invested all of his savings, is expected to pay off very well. 他已把所有積蓄投入到了這一生意里;期待著能有好的回報.3 to constitute the fastest growing segment of people with aids (l.6) 成為數(shù)量增長

22、最快的患艾滋病的人群the online courses have constituted a real challenge to the regular courses. 遠(yuǎn)程課程對常規(guī)課程已構(gòu)成真正的挑戰(zhàn)。4 to be slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of aids (l.8) it has been argued that the american education is observably slow in the pupils mathematics training. 有人認(rèn)為美國的教育在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)能力方面明顯

23、滯后.5 (sth.) to emerge (l.10)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生it later emerged that the driver of the car had been drunk.事后人們得知,這個汽車駕駛員是喝醉酒了。6 to combat the growing number of aids cases (l.12) 防止艾滋病病例數(shù)量的增加this disaster pushes us to combat our bad habits of eating and drinking. 這場災(zāi)難促使我們要與不良的飲食習(xí)慣作斗7 to reach more people (l.15) 接觸到

24、更多的人will we be able to reach you on this telephone, in case there are any problems?8 to speak to your community in a way they can hear (l.31) 以社區(qū)居民能接受的方式與他們交談he carefully explained his position on each issue in a way that made sense to his listeners.他以一種聽眾可以理解的方式仔細(xì)陳述他在每一問題上的立場.9 to show people who look like those we need to educate (l.36) 告訴人們哪些人可能需要這方面的教育he might show the outsiders like one who reacts before thinking.對于不明情況的人來說，他似乎是一個不經(jīng)思考就行動的人。10 to wipe out an entire generation (毀掉一代人l.56) bloody conflicts between