網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)/論文外 文 文 獻(xiàn) 翻 譯院 （系） 新聞與法學(xué)學(xué)院 專(zhuān) 業(yè) 班 級(jí) 廣播電視新聞學(xué)0801班 姓 名 朱 夢(mèng) 琪 評(píng) 分 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 李 云 華 華中科技大學(xué)武昌分校2012年2月 13日畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)/論文外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯要求：1外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯的內(nèi)容應(yīng)與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)/論文課題相關(guān)。2外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯的字?jǐn)?shù)：非英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生應(yīng)完成與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)/論文課題內(nèi)容相關(guān)的不少于2000漢字的外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯任務(wù)（其中，漢語(yǔ)言文學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)、藝術(shù)類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)不作要求），英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生應(yīng)完成不少于2000漢字的二外文獻(xiàn)翻譯任務(wù)。格式按華中科技大學(xué)武昌分校本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)/論文撰寫(xiě)規(guī)范的要求撰寫(xiě)。3外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯附于開(kāi)題報(bào)告之后：第一部分為

2、譯文，第二部分為外文文獻(xiàn)原文，譯文與原文均需單獨(dú)編制頁(yè)碼（底端居中）并注明出處。本附件為封面，封面上不得出現(xiàn)頁(yè)碼。4外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯原文由指導(dǎo)教師指定，同一指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)的學(xué)生不得選用相同的外文原文。第一部分：譯文在網(wǎng)上搜尋和購(gòu)買(mǎi)產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)越來(lái)越成為一種流行的購(gòu)買(mǎi)方式，這種方式看上去似乎會(huì)影響到實(shí)體店的銷(xiāo)售。然而，一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的證據(jù)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，關(guān)于網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物和實(shí)體店購(gòu)物的區(qū)別。這項(xiàng)研究主要目的在于分析網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的頻率，網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物以及相關(guān)的非日常購(gòu)物行為，還有它們是怎樣被影響，例如態(tài)度、行為和土地使用功能等一些因素。調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)是從居住荷蘭中心的四個(gè)城市的826名受訪者那得到的，包括一個(gè)城市和三個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村。結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型被

3、用來(lái)研究變量的多重復(fù)雜關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明，網(wǎng)上搜索積極影響到了前往實(shí)體店購(gòu)物的頻率，同時(shí)實(shí)體店購(gòu)物反過(guò)來(lái)也對(duì)網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物產(chǎn)生積極影響。在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)買(mǎi)的間接時(shí)間壓力的積極作用被發(fā)現(xiàn)，并且間接的負(fù)面影響了網(wǎng)上搜索購(gòu)物的時(shí)間。這些結(jié)果表明，對(duì)于一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物可能是定向任務(wù)（一種節(jié)省時(shí)間的策略），而對(duì)于其他人來(lái)說(shuō)則是定向休閑。城鎮(zhèn)居民人網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物往往比郊區(qū)的居民要頻繁，因?yàn)樗麄兂３?huì)有一個(gè)更迅速的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接。越多的購(gòu)物機(jī)會(huì)是可以在10分鐘之內(nèi)騎自行車(chē)到達(dá)，則越少會(huì)使用網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的方式。在信息通信技術(shù)領(lǐng)域以及交通領(lǐng)域的一些概念性和經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的研究表明，網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物行為可以通過(guò)四種方式影響前往實(shí)體店的購(gòu)買(mǎi)行為：一種是替代，

4、一種是互補(bǔ)，一種是修改，還有一種是中立。替代指的是采用一種在線交易的方式取代去傳統(tǒng)商店的親身挑選的方式。補(bǔ)充則意味著在網(wǎng)上的購(gòu)物行為產(chǎn)生了新的要求，從而促使個(gè)人前往實(shí)體店去購(gòu)買(mǎi)?；パa(bǔ)效應(yīng)可以在不同的購(gòu)物過(guò)程的基礎(chǔ)上至少產(chǎn)生有四種形式。一個(gè)人發(fā)現(xiàn)一種在線產(chǎn)品，并且前往商店去體驗(yàn)它，然后在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上購(gòu)買(mǎi)它；一個(gè)人發(fā)現(xiàn)一種在線商品，然后前往實(shí)體店去購(gòu)買(mǎi)它；一種在線出售的產(chǎn)品使得個(gè)人前往實(shí)體店去購(gòu)買(mǎi)配件及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品；個(gè)人訂購(gòu)了一種在線商品并且在連鎖店購(gòu)買(mǎi)到它。區(qū)分互補(bǔ)性的具體形式需要跟蹤個(gè)人購(gòu)買(mǎi)行為的過(guò)程。修補(bǔ)是指網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物不影響前去實(shí)體店購(gòu)買(mǎi)產(chǎn)品的人數(shù)，而是改變這個(gè)行程的特性，例如選擇方式，時(shí)間和鏈接。中立

5、是指網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物是獨(dú)立于傳統(tǒng)購(gòu)物之外的。假如一個(gè)人并不購(gòu)買(mǎi)一種產(chǎn)品如果這種產(chǎn)品不在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上提供，這種在線購(gòu)買(mǎi)行為則代表了一種復(fù)合型的要求由于網(wǎng)上信息。在這個(gè)案例中，這種網(wǎng)上購(gòu)買(mǎi)行為并沒(méi)有對(duì)個(gè)人前往實(shí)體店進(jìn)行購(gòu)買(mǎi)的行為產(chǎn)生任何影響。在這些影響中，替代對(duì)于交通系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生了重要的積極影響。設(shè)計(jì)者熱衷于去解開(kāi)網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物和旅游行為之間的復(fù)雜關(guān)系，并且去測(cè)量的取代的程度。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，先前的研究關(guān)于這種聯(lián)系進(jìn)入了兩種類(lèi)別：通過(guò)直接詢(xún)問(wèn)的描述性分析和多變量分析。艾米哈登認(rèn)為電視購(gòu)物在過(guò)去的五年里有了實(shí)質(zhì)性的改變?！半娨曎?gòu)物網(wǎng)絡(luò)過(guò)去很依賴(lài)觀眾的即興購(gòu)買(mǎi)，”哈登談到，“主持人們都喜歡夸夸其談并且給觀眾留下這么好的產(chǎn)品，過(guò)了這

6、村可就沒(méi)這店的印象?！惫亲罱窃凇凹艺W(xué)日?qǐng)?bào)”的研究：“電視購(gòu)物：通過(guò)焦點(diǎn)小組討論獲得的女性態(tài)度概論”，集中討論了女性在這個(gè)日益增長(zhǎng)的購(gòu)物趨勢(shì)的態(tài)度的變化。“現(xiàn)如今電視購(gòu)物者比十年前的他們有更多的控制權(quán)。盡管電視購(gòu)物仍非常依賴(lài)觀眾的即興購(gòu)買(mǎi)，但消費(fèi)者的需求已經(jīng)成為大多數(shù)購(gòu)物網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)先考慮因素了?！惫钦f(shuō)道。哈登的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了較為年輕和較為年長(zhǎng)的焦點(diǎn)小組參與者顯著的不同的態(tài)度。“年輕的女性似乎更容易沖動(dòng)購(gòu)物，”哈登說(shuō)，“她們不必要經(jīng)常地觀看電視購(gòu)物節(jié)目，她們也許只是在不同的頻道之間閑逛，然后就萌生出一個(gè)絕妙的禮物的想法或者是一枚獨(dú)特的她們想要的珠寶?！薄案鼮槟觊L(zhǎng)的觀眾似乎更醉心于電視購(gòu)物的娛樂(lè)

7、方面。一些女性經(jīng)常觀看那些電視購(gòu)物節(jié)目并十分享受了解新產(chǎn)品的過(guò)程。”哈登解釋了這種觀念上的差異可能來(lái)自于年輕女性要花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間在孩子和工作上，與此同時(shí)年長(zhǎng)女性可能已經(jīng)退休，沒(méi)有家庭責(zé)任。年輕的參與者人為很多產(chǎn)品都是俗氣并且廉價(jià)的。她們同樣認(rèn)為主持人多為虛偽勢(shì)力的。年長(zhǎng)的參與者則更傾向于認(rèn)為那些產(chǎn)品是不同尋常且高質(zhì)量的。她們同時(shí)也更喜歡那些她們認(rèn)為友善和見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣的主持人。然而哈登報(bào)告中的女性都十分認(rèn)同電視購(gòu)物的一個(gè)方面?！罢缙渌顒?dòng)一樣，電視購(gòu)物對(duì)于某些人來(lái)說(shuō)可以變成一種沉迷”。哈登談到，“購(gòu)物者可以隨時(shí)購(gòu)買(mǎi)產(chǎn)品但從未真正見(jiàn)到現(xiàn)金從他們手上溜走。人們甚至可以一天花上幾百幾千美元?！彼赋鳇c(diǎn)收

8、購(gòu)物的社會(huì)方面可以令人更上癮。許多觀眾收看一位很受歡迎的主持人。一些人打進(jìn)電話(huà)去聊某類(lèi)產(chǎn)品。另外一類(lèi)人則把看電視購(gòu)物節(jié)目作為彌補(bǔ)他們社交缺失的一種形式?！拔也徽J(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)購(gòu)物走到了盡頭，”哈登最后說(shuō)道?！昂团笥褌兊缴虉?chǎng)里面購(gòu)物實(shí)在是一件令人愉悅并很休閑的活動(dòng)，這也是一種良性的社會(huì)互動(dòng)?！薄暗乾F(xiàn)在隨著電腦和電視科技的融合，我相信我們可以找到一種方法，讓人們?cè)诓浑x開(kāi)私密且舒服的家里的同時(shí)，又能享受到一個(gè)更加個(gè)性化和方便的購(gòu)物體驗(yàn)?！蔽墨I(xiàn)一來(lái)源：美 桑迪施瓦恩.電子購(gòu)物與商店購(gòu)物之間的相互作用:兩個(gè)城市的個(gè)案研究. 政策與實(shí)踐2007，2（4）文獻(xiàn)二來(lái)源：美 艾米哈登.電視購(gòu)物:通過(guò)特定組研究得出的婦

9、女態(tài)度.家庭與消費(fèi)者科學(xué). 2006，8（4）第二部分：文獻(xiàn)原文searching product information and buying goods online are becoming increasingly popular activities, which would seem likely to affect shopping trips. however, little empirical evidence about the relationships between e-shopping and in-store shopping is available. the

10、aim of this study is to describe how the frequencies of online searching, online buying, and non-daily shopping trips relate to each other, and how they are influenced by such factors as attitudes, behavior, and land use features. questionnaire data were collected from 826 respondents residing in fo

11、ur municipalities (one urban, three suburban) in the centre of the netherlands. structural equation modelling was used to examine the variables multiple and complex relationships. the results show that searching online positively affects the frequency of shopping trips, which in its turn positively

12、influences buying online. an indirect positive effect of time-pressure on online buying was found and an indirect negative effect of online searching on shopping duration. these findings suggest that, for some people, e-shopping could be task-oriented (a time-saving strategy), and leisure-oriented f

13、or others. urban residents shop online more often than suburban residents, because they tend to have a faster internet connection. the more shopping opportunities one can reach within 10 min by bicycle, the less often one searches online.conceptual and empirical studies in the field of ict and trans

14、portation suggest that e-shopping may interact with travel behavior in four ways: substitution, complementarity, modification, and neutrality. substitution denotes that a physical trip to traditional stores is replaced by an online transaction. complementarity means that e-shopping generate new dema

15、nds for trips to stores. complementary effects can take at least four forms based on different shopping processes. an individual finds a product online, and travels to a store to experience it, and then buys it online; an individual finds a product online and then buys it in a store; a product purch

16、ased online makes an individual travel to a store for accessories or related products; an individual orders a product online and picks it up at a satellite store. distinguishing specific forms of complementarity requires tracking individualsshopping processes. modification denotes that e-shopping do

17、es not affect the amount of physical travel to stores but changes the characteristics of trips such as mode choice, timing, and chaining. neutrality means that e-shopping is independent of traditional shopping. if an individual would have not bought a product if it were not available online, the onl

18、ine purchase represents an induced demand because of online information. in this case, the online purchase does not have any influence on personal physical shopping activities. among these effects, substitution carries important positive implications for transportation. planners are eager to disenta

19、ngle the complex connections between e-shopping and travel behavior, and to measure the degree of substitution. generally, previous studies on the connections fall into two categories: descriptive analysis through direct questioning and multivariate analysis.amy harden says there has been a real cha

20、nge in tv shopping in the last five years.tv shopping networks used to play heavily on the power of impulse buying among their viewers, harden said. tv hosts would toot horns as they pushed shoppers to buy now or risk losing out on a perfect product never again to be available to the public. hardens

21、 recent study, tv shopping: a summary of womens attitudes gained through focus group discussions in the journal of family and consumer sciences, focuses on how womens attitudes are changing toward this growing trend in shopping.tv shoppers have more control today than they did some 10 years ago. alt

22、hough tv shopping is still grounded largely in impulse buying, consumer needs have become priority with most shopping networks, harden said.hardens study found distinct attitude differences between younger and older focus group participants.younger women are more apt to make impulse buys, harden sai

23、d, they do not necessarily watch the tv shopping networks on a regular basis, but they might be channel surfing and come across a great gift idea or unique piece of jewelry theyd love to have.older viewers seem to value the entertainment aspect of tv shopping. some women watch regularly and enjoy le

24、arning about new products.harden explained that differences in attitudes may result from younger viewers being busier with children and work, while older viewers may be retired, without family responsibilities.younger participants viewed many products as gaudy and cheap. they also felt hosts were sn

25、obby and fake. older participants were more apt to consider the products as unusual and of high quality. they also seemed to enjoy the hosts, finding them informed and friendly.however, the women in hardens study did agree on one aspect of tv shopping.just as with any other activity, tv shopping can

26、 become a serious addiction for some people, harden said, shoppers can buy a product immediately and never really see the money leave their hands. one can easily charge up hundreds or even thousands of dollars in a day.she pointed out the social aspect of tv shopping can be even more addicting. many viewe