中學(xué)初中英語語法-數(shù)詞與主謂一致

1、數(shù)詞與主謂一致一、數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、分數(shù)、小數(shù)和概數(shù)。復(fù)習(xí)時要注意下面問題：1基數(shù)詞的意義：表示事物數(shù)量的多少,特別是hundred,thousand,million等,前面若有基數(shù)詞或某些表示數(shù)量的形容詞時,它們只能用單數(shù)；2序數(shù)詞的意義：表示事物的順序,前面一般要加定冠詞；3分數(shù)的形式：分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,當(dāng)基數(shù)詞大于“1”時,序數(shù)詞后要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；4小數(shù)的組成和讀法：小數(shù)點讀作point,小數(shù)點前面的數(shù)按基數(shù)詞的方法讀,小數(shù)點后面的數(shù)按數(shù)字讀；5概數(shù)(1)概數(shù)的表示：tens ofhundreds ofthousands ofmillions ofdozens ofscor

2、es ofa number ofa quantity ofa fewa littlea great deal ofa great(good)many(2)概數(shù)的注意事項：概數(shù)前面不能有確切的數(shù)字,但tens ofhundreds ofthousands ofmillions ofdozens ofscores of前面可有many,several,some等修飾詞：tens ofhundreds ofthousands ofmillions ofdozens ofsc0Iles ofa number ofa fewa great(good)many一般只修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；a littlea g

3、reat deal of只修飾不可數(shù)名詞；a quantity ofa lot oflots ofplenty of既可修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞；fewlittle形式上是肯定,而意義上是否定；a fewa little才表示肯定的意義。6倍數(shù)的表示：(1)倍數(shù)(twice,times)+as+形容詞原級+as(2)倍數(shù)+形容詞的比較級+than(3)倍數(shù)+the+ n(sizelengthheightwidthweight)+of二主謂一致 、1主謂一致的原則：形式一致；內(nèi)容一致；就近一致。2主謂一致的特例： (1)代詞作主語 A主語是he,she,it,either,neith

4、er,each,one,the other,another,anything,anyone,something,someone,somebody,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等代詞時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。B主語是I(除be動詞用am外),you,we,they時,謂語動詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。C主語是who,what,which,all,more,most,some,any,none,the restthe remainder時,謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)依具體情況而定。(2)名詞作主語A一般說來,不可數(shù)名詞及可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)

5、作主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。B表示總稱意義的名詞public,people(人們,人民),cattle,police,youth作主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。C主語是board,family,class,team,group,crowd,audience,company,crew,committee,enemy,government,herd,jury,party等名詞時,如果是作為整體,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；如果作為其中一個個的成員,謂語動詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。D. 主語是時間、距離、價格、度量衡單位等名詞或短語時,即使是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。E主語

6、是news,politics,physics,plastics,mathematics等名詞時,謂語動詞也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。F主語若是書名,劇名,報刊、雜志名稱或國家、單位名稱時,即使名詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動詞也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。G在算式里,主語是數(shù)詞時,謂語動詞也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。H主語是clothes,compasses,goods,glasses,trousers,scissors,shoes,socks,gloves等名詞時,謂語動詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。I主語是a lot of,lots of,plenty,百分比of+名詞時,謂語動詞的形式須依照名詞的數(shù)而確定。J主語

7、是kind of,type of,pair of,amount of,quantity of+名詞時,謂語動詞的形式v須依照kind,type,amount,pair,quantity的數(shù)而確定。K主語是the number of+名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。L主語是a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)時,謂語動詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。M主語是athe population時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。N主語是分數(shù)+population時,謂語動詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。O主語是means,works,sheep,fish,Japanese,Chinese等名詞時,謂語動詞的形式須依照它

8、們在句中的意義來確定。P用引號引起來的詞、短語、句子作主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。(3)兩個或兩個以上的名詞連在一起作主語Aand,bothand連接名詞或代詞作主語,謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Band連接的兩個成對的名詞,如bread and butter；soda and water；coffee and water；aim and end；salt and water等,雖有and連接,但仍表示單一的概念,謂語動詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Cand連接的兩個名詞若是指同一個人,即：and前的名詞前有冠詞,而and后面的名詞前沒有冠詞。謂語動詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Dand所連接的兩個名詞前

9、分別有：every,each,no,many a等修飾時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。,E主語是連接詞or,eitheror,neithernor,whetheror,notbut,not onlybut also等連接的名詞或代詞時,謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)由與之最接近的名詞或代詞決定。F主語是介詞in,out of,with,except,besides,without,as well as,no less than,rather than,more than,but,along with,together with,like,including,in addition to等連接的兩個名詞時,謂

10、語動詞的形式應(yīng)與這些詞前面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。Gone and a half+名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Hmany a+名詞單數(shù)；more than one+名詞單數(shù)；a+名詞單數(shù)+or two等作句子的主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Ione or two+名詞復(fù)數(shù)作句子的主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。(4)The+形容詞作主語AThe+形容詞指人作主語時,謂語動詞一般用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。BThe+形容詞指抽象概念作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。(5)主語是句子、短語A主語是非謂語動詞短語時,謂語動詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。B主語是從句時,謂語動詞一般用第三人稱

11、單數(shù)形式；但what,who引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時,若指具體的東西或人,謂語動詞可用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。C在強調(diào)句型“It+ be+被強調(diào)的部分+thatwho”中,be總是用單數(shù)形式；thatwho后的謂語動詞的形式必須跟被強調(diào)的主語保持一致。D定語從句中謂語動詞的形式必須跟先行詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致。注意：在“one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動詞一般用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式,但當(dāng)one前面有the,the very,the less,the only或形容詞最高級修飾時,定語從句的謂語動詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Ethere be結(jié)構(gòu)中be動詞的形式由緊接be后面的名詞的形式

12、所決定。F在某些虛擬語氣的句子中,無論主語是什么,be動詞總是為were的形式?；胤耪骖}真題1She has set a new record,that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 millionAhave reached Bhas reached Caye reaching Dhad reached【答案及解析】 A根據(jù)句子的意思,謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)表示動作的持續(xù)性,故選A。真題2It is reported that the United States uses _energy as the whole of EuropeAas

13、 twice Btwice much Ctwice much as Dtwice as much【答案及解析】 D本題考查倍數(shù)關(guān)系的表達。有三種表達方式：1倍數(shù)+as + adj +as+其它；2倍數(shù)+比較級+than+其它；3倍數(shù)+the heightsizeweightlength+ of+其它。由此可知本題正確答案為D。真題3The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _visiting a museum when the earthquake struckAwas Bwere Chad been Dwould be【答案及解析】

14、A名詞、代詞與介詞短語連用作主語時,謂語動詞的形式由介詞前面的名詞、代詞確定。因此本題答案為A,意思是：當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生的時候,老師帶著班上的6個女孩和8個男孩正在參觀一家博物館。真題4No one in the department but Tom and I _that the director is going to resignAknows Bknow Chave known Dam to know【答案及解析】 A本題考查的是主謂一致。這個句子的主語是no one,而不是Tom and I,主語后面接說明主語的修飾語,如用with,a10ng with,together with,as w

15、ell as,like,rather than,more than but except,besides,including,in addition to與修飾語連接,謂語動詞不受修飾成份的影響,仍與主語保持一致。真題5He did it _it took meAonethird a time Bone-third timeCthe onethird time Donethird the time【答案及解析】D考查倍數(shù)的用法。譯文：他做這件事只用了我(做這件事)三分之一的時間。這句話帶了一個定語從句,修飾the time,只是沒有關(guān)系詞。定語從句先行詞為time,moment時,常不用關(guān)系詞

16、。真題6The house rent is expensiveIve got about half the space I had at home and Im paying _hereAas three times much Bas much three timescmuch as three times Dthree times as much【答案及解析】D考查比較句的語序。對于比較句,“量”應(yīng)放在謂語之后as之前,因此選D。真題7When and where to go for the on salary holiday _yetAare not decided Bhave not b

17、een decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided【答案及解析】 D根據(jù)副詞yet可確定用現(xiàn)在完成時。真題8He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. are C. have been D. has been【答案及解析】 D這是一個定語從句。在one前是否有定冠詞決定定語從句中的謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,one of the students中的先行詞是the students,定語從句中的謂語動詞

18、要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The only one of the students中的先行詞是The only one,定語從句中的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。又因“for three years”是完成時的標(biāo)志,所以答案為D。真題9As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _covered the land.A. number, has B. quantity, has C. number, have D. quantity, have【答案及解析】B 譯文：破壞森林的結(jié)果是大片沙漠覆蓋了陸地。真題10_people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.A. Several million B. Many millionC. Several millions D. Many millions【答案及解析】A 在million,hundred等前如果有具體數(shù)字或 several等詞時,要用單數(shù)形式。many一般不與million等詞連用。但在表示不確切數(shù)目時用復(fù)數(shù),如：表示“數(shù)百萬”,英語為millions of。譯文：每天,世界上有幾十萬人通過e-mail傳遞信