四六級書信寫作指導

1、四六級書信寫作指導一、 英文書信的結構英文書信分為兩大類：公務信件和私人信件。公務信件是單位與單位或單位與個人之間來往的書信，可能是推薦信、求職信、入學申請書、邀請信，或詢問、答復、反映意見（如投訴信）等的信件。私人信件是指親戚朋友之間的通信。這兩類書信各有自己的格式。一般說來，私人信件不拘形式，信文多用手寫，也可打?。还珓招偶蟊容^嚴格，必須遵循一定的格式，信文一定要打印。第一節(jié) 英文書信的結構英文書信一般由以下六部分組成：信頭、信內地址、稱呼、正文、結尾、簽名。信頭-寫信人的地址和日期收信人內文地址-收信人的姓名及地址稱呼-對收信人的稱謂語，寫在內文地址以下兩行正文-寫信人的身份及寫信目

2、的結束客套語-信尾謙辭簽名5.1.1 信頭（Heading）信頭是指發(fā)信人的地址和日期，通常寫在第一頁的右上角。行首可以齊頭寫，也可以逐行縮進寫。地址的書寫順序由小到大：門牌號、街道、城市、?。ㄖ荩⑧]編、國名，最后寫發(fā)信日期。私人信件一般只寫寄信日期即可。例如：123 Tianhe RoadTianhe DistrictGuangzhou 510620Guangdong ProvinceP. R. C.March 15, 20025.1.2 信內地址（Inside Address）信內地址要寫收信人的姓名和地址。在公務信件中要寫明這一項，在私人信件中，這一項常常省略。該項寫在寫信日期下一行的

3、左上角，格式與寄信人地址一樣。5.1.3 稱呼（Salutation）稱呼是對收信人的稱謂，應與左邊線對齊，寫在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行處。在稱呼后，英國人常用逗號，美國人則常用冒號。在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字，但公務信件中一定要寫收信人的姓。大部分信件在稱呼前加“Dear”。如：Dear Professor/Prof. Bergen:Dear Dr. Johnson,對不相識的人可按性別稱呼：Dear Sir: 或Dear Madam: Dear Ladies。如果不知收信人的性別則可用Dear Sir or Madam:給某個機構或你不認識的人寫信，則按如下稱呼寫：Dear Sir

4、, Dear Sirs, Sirs, Gentlemen, Dear Madame, Ladies or Madame, To Whom It May Concern. 寫給政府各部門首長，如參議員、法官、大使、市長等可用Hon. （Honorable 閣下的縮寫），表示尊重。5.1.4 正文（Body of Letter）正文是書信的主體。與中文信件不同的是，英文書信的正文的開頭不是先寫一些問候語，再闡明寫信的目的，而是直接說明寫信人的身份及寫信的目的，然后提出寫信人的情況、想法或要求，并加以必要的解釋或說明。英文書信陳述目的時，應該直截了當，意思明確，層次清楚，言簡意賅。正文從內容結構上一

5、般包括：寫信人的身份及寫信目的-位于開頭部分，一般是寒暄或點明寫信的目的；要寫得貼切、熱情、恰如其分。寫信人的想法，請求等細節(jié)-位于中間部分，敘述一封信的主要內容，要求寫得具體明了，直截了當向收信人表示謝意、希望等-位于結尾部分，通常寫一些表示祝愿、問候、感謝等結束敬語或希望之類的話語。5.1.5 結尾禮詞（Complimentary Close）公務信件的結尾禮詞包含兩部分：發(fā)信人的結尾套語與署名。結尾套語寫在簽名上面一行，第一個字母要大寫，套語結尾后面要加逗號。在公務信件中，發(fā)信人常用的結尾套語有：Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Respectfully you

6、rs, Cordially yours, Yours cordially等。私人信件中，發(fā)信人常用的結尾套語有：Sincerely yours, Lovely yours, Your lovely, Your loving son/daughter等。5.1.6 簽名（Signature）寫信人的簽名常位于結尾禮詞正下方一二行。除非是給很熟悉的人寫信，簽名一般須寫出全名。簽名常常較潦草，不易辨認，因此在簽名的正下方須打印出全名。英文信函書寫格式：1、齊頭式（提倡使用！）要求將收信人的姓名、地址及正文（包括每段的起行）、結尾客套語以及簽名均靠左邊對齊。 寫信人：# # #收信人#Dear Xia

7、o Wang,Im very glad to learn that youre going to visit me during the week-long holiday. My parents will also be happy to see you again.I have arranged our schedule for the holiday as follows. On the first day you arrive, Ill show you around our campus. On the second day, well visit the art gallery a

8、nd the music hall.2、半齊頭式信頭和信內地址各自對齊，正文每段起行后縮5個字母。 寫信人：# # #收信人#Dear Xiao Wang,Im very glad to learn that youre going to visit me during the week-long holiday. My parents will also be happy to see you again.二、 書信作文的出題形式和寫作要領1990年到2009年1月之間的四級考試作文題中，書信作文共出現(xiàn)6次（2001年6月和2002年1月，2004-1， 2004-6-band6，2005-

9、6，2005-12-band6）。*2001年6月四級考試的作文題：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 120 words according to the s

10、uggestion given below in Chinese:1. 表示歡迎2. 提出對度假安排的建議3. 提醒應注意的事項A Letter to a SchoolmateJune 23, 2001Dear Xiao Wang,_.Yours, Zhang Ying從上面的例子可見，此書信作文不僅給出正文部分的內容的提綱，而且還給出書信各部分的結構的框架。也就是說，我們只要考慮如何表達提綱部分的內容，而不用考慮書信的結構。審題：在寫書信作文時，首先要把書信正文的提綱內容細化，擴展成更細的英文提綱，例如前面的那封信就可以列出下面的提綱：Outline:I. Extending my welc

11、omeII. Holiday schedule1. 1st day campus2. 2nd day the art gallery & music hall3. 3rd day mountain climbing4. next 3 days other places of interest (Swan Cave, Golden Lake )5. Last day departureIII. Points for attention 1. Train number & time of arrival2. SunglassesIV. Looking forward to seeing you.寫

12、信日期稱呼正文第一段：表示歡迎正文第2段：活動安排第一天的安排第二天的安排第三天的安排第4-6天的安排第七天：送行正文第三段（注意事項）： 注意事項一注意事項二結束語結尾禮詞簽名#范文：A Letter to A SchoolmateJune 23, 2001Dear Xiao Wang,Im very glad to learn that youre going to visit me during the week-long holiday. My parents will also be happy to see you again. I am sure you will enjoy e

13、very minute here.I have arranged our schedule for the holiday as follows. On the first day you arrive, Ill show you around our campus. On the second day, well visit the art gallery and the music hall. Next day, well climb a hill in the northeastern part of the city. On the top of the hill, we can ha

14、ve a wonderful birds eye view of the city. During the next three days, well make some short trips to some places of interest nearby, such as the Swan Cave, the Golden Lake, etc. On the last day, Ill see you off at the railway station.Please remember to call and tell me your train number and time of

15、arrival so that I can meet you at the railway station. By the way, its very hot here and we have a lot of sunshine, so dont forget to wear you sunglasses.Im looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours,Zhang Ying上面舉的是私人信件的例子，下面我們再來看一封投訴信（Letter of Complaint）。投訴信的目的是為了讓收信人讀信后同情你的遭遇,解決你所遇到的問題。所以寫投訴信時應該實事求

16、是地反映情況，注意措辭，不使用過多的諷刺或責備的語言，也不要因為發(fā)泄怒氣而離題，以避免引起收信人的不信任或反感。一般而言，投訴信包括以下內容：提出要求和理由；解釋詳細的情況；把請求具體化以及希望收信人采取行動的日期等。例如：September 1, 2001Dear Sir or Madam:Im writing to complain about a typewriter I bought seven months ago.In February of 2001 I bought a Jones Typewriter, Portable Special Model, at ABC Store

17、, I had used it only a few days when the space bar broke.I took it to a local shop, they told me it was factory defect and suggest I take it back to ABC. ABC accepted the machine and sent the part in. I waited three months, and since your company did not send a replacement, they let me have the spac

18、e bar from another typewriter.Now, six months later, it has broken again. I took it back to ABC. They are no longer carrying your typewriter, but they assured me that the guarantee is still good and suggested that I write you for further instructions as to what steps to take.I will appreciate anythi

19、ng you can do to help us on this matter.Respectfully,(Signature)James Bergen寫信日期 稱呼正文第一段：表明寫信的目的正文第二段：具體說明購買產品的時間、地點及出現(xiàn)的問題第三段：說明嘗試的解決方法 第四段：說明嘗試的解決方案無效，請求幫助結尾禮詞簽名打印的姓名這是一封態(tài)度冷靜、措辭有理、有節(jié)的投訴售后服務不周的信。由于這類信涉及經銷商（廠家）和賣方，因此，投訴信中寫明了以下詳細的情況：1） 購物的時間：In February of 20012） 購物地點： at ABC Store3） 產品型號：Jones Typewr

20、iter, Portable Special Model4） 使用時間：I had used it only a few days；six months later5） 主要問題：The space bar broke6） 產生問題的原因：factory defect7） 為什么向你方反映：They are no longer carrying your typewriter, but they assured us that the guarantee is still good and suggested that I write you for further instructions

21、as to what steps to take. (商店已沒有貴公司的打字機，但他們讓我相信，保修卡仍有效，并建議我寫信給貴公司以尋求解決辦法)此外，寫信人還用了禮貌的結束語：I will appreciate anything you can do to help us on this matter. (貴公司在這件事上給我的任何幫助都將令我不勝感激)三、歷年書信真題：2001年6月真題范文：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.Suppose you are Zhang Yi

22、ng. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.1.表示歡迎2.提出過度假安排的建議3.提醒應注意的事項范文1Dear Xiao Wang,Is it really true? Are you coming to visit me for the u

23、pcoming holiday? We have not seen each other for such a long time and I have missed you.Do you have any plans for what you would like to do? Since you are not familiar with where I live, I can make some recommendations. There are many scenic spots in the suburbs. When you first get here, we could pl

24、an a camping trip with some of my classmates. We can also visit the museums which are very interesting. And, we can go shopping! The shopping malls downtown are large and many have discount promotions during the holidays.What do you think of my recommendations? I should tell you that the weather her

25、e is much colder so you should bring a warm overcoat. Please also take care of your belonging during your travel here as there has been much theft reported.I am looking forward to your visit.My best wishes.Yours,Zhang Ying（上文行文較隨便親切）范文2：Dear Xiao Wang, Im delighted to learn that you are going to vis

26、it me during the week-long vacation. My parents will also be happy to see you again. Im sure you will enjoy every minute here.I know you are fond of swimming. A river lies not far away from my home. We can go swimming there. I think it would be very pleasant and refreshing to swim in such hot summer

27、 days. In every big room of my home there is an air-conditioner. We can watch TV, play CDs or read books very comfortably at home. A mountain about two miles away from here is beautiful and it is worth touring. We can go there on foot. When we climb to the top of the mountain, we can have a wonderfu

28、l bird-eye view of the whole village.Just phone me before you set off. There is no need for you to take anything. Ill prepare everything for you.I am looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours,Zhang Ying（上文題綱中“注意事項”部分不明顯）*2002年1月六級作文題及范文Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write

29、 a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:假設你是李明，請你就本校食堂的狀況給校長寫一封信，內容應涉及食堂的飯菜質量、價格、環(huán)境、服務等，可以是表揚，可以是批評建議，也可以兼而有之。 January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr

30、. President, January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr. President,Im very lucky to attend this world-famous university, but Im afraid Im not content with the canteen service on campus.Firstly, the quality of the dishes should be improved. Undoubtedly, there are a lot of delicious dishes, but all the year, they are

31、 the same. More and more students are complaining about eating the same food each day. So I think the most urgent problem is variety.Secondly, the price is a bit too high. Many of us hope that the canteen can provide us with not only delicious but also cheaper food.Finally, the environment is so noi

32、sy that we cant enjoy our meals in good mood. I suggest that there be some soft music to help us relax.Those presented suggestions are not just of my own, but also of many other students. We hope our respectable president will pay attention to our suggestions.By the way, the canteen workers are very

33、 patient and always smiling. So I think if our university offers them better conditions, they will offer us better service.Best wishes,Yours sincerely,Li Ming*2004年1月四級作文題及范文Directions: 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friends inquiry about applying for admission to your college or univers

34、ity. 120words based on the outline given.1建議報考的專業(yè)及理由 2報考該專業(yè)的基本條件 3應當如何備考 A Letter in Reply to a Friend December 27th, 2003 Dear 范文：December 27, 2003 Dear， When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is the most popular lan

35、guage in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching, translation, foreign trade and so on. Whats more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market.In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the

36、 following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, “Practice makes perfect”. In the second place, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for your future study. Last but

37、 not the least, you need an intense interest in learning English since “interest is the best teacher.”As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary. In addition, youd better spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures

38、can you hope to enroll in our university.YoursLiMing范文2A letter of Reply to a FriendDecember 27, 2003Dear Mike,I thought over the inquiry mentioned in your letter. Its my pleasure to show my suggestion to you.In consideration of your interest, you are fit for information system and information manag

39、ement. First, this major has much to do with computer which you are good at. After all, interest is the best teacher. Second, this major includes not only pure computer technology but also commerce knowledge. Therefore, its much more abundant. Third, in the light of getting employment, this major ha

40、s a bright perspective. You can get an ideal job after graduation.As to the requirement of this major, college entrance examination result is the essential thing to be considered. Whats more, you can search more information about the special condition for that major.At present, the main things you s

41、hould do are reviewing the knowledge and summarizing all the method. In addition, dont forget to prepare your certificates in computer match.I firmly believe that no pains, on gains. Im also looking forward to your success.Best wishes. Yours, Huang Shan2004年6月六級作文題及范文Directions: 30 minutes to write

42、A Letter to the Editor of a Newspaper complaining about the poor service of a bookstore. Write at least 150 words according to the guidelines given below in Chinese.設想你買了一本英文詞典，發(fā)現(xiàn)有這樣那樣的質量問題，書店的服務態(tài)度又不好，因此給報社編輯寫信。信中必須包括以下內容： 1、事情的起因 2、與書店交涉的經過 3、呼吁服務行業(yè)必須提高服務質量 范文：June 19, 2004 Dear Editor, I am writin

43、g this letter to reflect some problems I came across recently and appeal to the improvement of the service industry. This weekend I bought an English-Chinese dictionary in a bookstore near my home since its cover is elaborately designed. But when I went home and read carefully, I found that the seve

44、ral pages of the dictionary have been cracked and befouled. What is worse, the misprints spread everywhere in the dictionary and seriously affect my comprehension. Since there was such damage and misprint to the dictionary, I went to the bookstore to require for a replace. But to my surprise, the st

45、aff of the bookstore turned down my request rudely and even denied the poor quality of the dictionary. It goes without saying that todays face-paced and market-oriented economy calls for much higher standard for service industry. However, to my regret, many of the commercials fail to achieve this st

46、andard and the quality of the staff needs to be improved. Its self-evident that the poor quality of practitioners in the service industry will not only deeply disappoint customers but also hamper the development of our countrys economy. As a result, I expect your newspaper to appeal to the service i

47、ndustry to attach more importance to the service improvement. Thank you for your attention!Sincerely yours, Sam 2005年6月18日英語四級作文題及范文3o minutes to write a short essay in honour of teachers on the occasion of Teachers Day. 120 words based on the outline given:A Letter of Congratulation1. 向老師致以節(jié)日的問候。2.

48、 回憶件老師的教誨中難忘的事情。3. 我如何報答老師。 參考范文之一 A Letter of CongratulationThis is Teachers Day and a time to be grateful to all teachers. This profession deserves the special recognition and respect. There is no more appropriate time than this to honour you and others in your chosen field. You have my eternal gr

49、atefulness. Have a happy Teachers Day.The whole secret of the teachers force lies in the conviction that men are convertible. Teacher, who educate children, deserve more honor than parents, who merely gave them birth; for the latter provided more life, while the former ensure a good life. What sculp

50、ture is to a block of marble, education is to the soule. My heartfelt thanks to you, dear teacher. On the voyage of life, you have kindled the light of hope for me. What you have done enriches my mind and broadens my view. On this day I honour you sincerely.No one deserves a bigger thank you than yo

51、u. One day is hardly enough to show our gratitude. 參考范文之二 National Teacher Day is always the Tuesday of the first full week of May. And it is always for our students to give our special thanks to our lovely teacher. I still remember last year when I was feeling lost,down and out,I had no idea about

52、about my life,my love,my study even doubt why I was here in the world.So then came so much wine ang smoke,I was tired,physical and mental.I even wanted to end my life just jumping from the top of our buliding. Then my teacher came to me, she said she knew what I was afraid of, she aslo told me thats

53、 very common like many yong people of my age. She told me to call her anytime I need her help.I did so ,we often chat ems and made some phone call.I just cant remember when come the mirical.I have found myself now! Another teachers day,to all the teachers,to our parents. 參考范文之三 The Once per year s T

54、eachers Day will come soon. At first, I will extend the greeting of festival to my teacher. Last week, I suddenly had a stomachache terribly in the school. My teacher was very worried, sent me to the hospital in a hurry. After checking , doctor verified that I have got the acute enteritis. My teacher came with me all the night in the hospital, so kind as to look after me. My teacher fed me food and medicine on time. After struggling with the serious illness in one days