醫(yī)學英語口語：百日咳

1、醫(yī)學英語口語：百日咳pertussisalternative nameswhooping coughdefinitionpertussis is a highly contagious bacterial disease that affects the respiratory system, it produces spasms of coughing that may end in a high-pitched, deep inspiration (the whoop).causes, incidence, and risk factorspertussis, also known as

2、whooping cough, is caused by infection with the bordetella pertussis bacteria, the infection is spread through the air by droplets from the breath of an infected person, the incubation period is usually 7 days.whooping cough can affect people of any age. prior to widespread immunization, the disease

3、 was most common in infants and young children, now that most children are immunized before school age, a higher percentage of cases are seen among adolescents and adults.however, about 40% of cases still occur in infants younger than 6 months of age. early immunization can usually prevent this seri

4、ous disease, which can sometimes be fatal or lead to permanent disability when it affects babies.the bacteria invade the nose and throat, the breathing tube (trachea), and the lungs, the infection usually lasts 6 weeks, it starts with symptoms similar to the common cold, and progresses to spasms of

5、coughing after 10 to 12 days. the cough is characterized by 2 or 3 repeated coughs without inhaling, typically, the persons face becomes redder with each cough, then subtly bluish.in children, the coughing spasm often ends with a characteristic whoop when breathing in. the whoop is rare in patients

6、under 6 months of age and adults, it is most often seen in children between 6 months and 7 years old. very young children, older kids, and adults usually just have severe cough spasms (several in a row) that may cause vomiting.the child may momentarily lose consciousness at the end of a coughing spe

7、ll, during this stage, there is heavy mucus production, coughing spells may lead to vomiting, pertussis should always be considered when vomiting occurs with coughing, in infants, choking spells are common.recovery begins about four weeks after symptoms begin and may take several weeks, coughing spa

8、sms may return over the next several months, usually due to irritation from an upper respiratory infection.immunization may reduce the symptoms of pertussis in those cases where it does not produce complete immunity, however, when the symptoms are not obvious, pertussis may be difficult to diagnose.

9、symptomsrunny nose severe coughmay be dry or may produce sputum slight fever (102 f or lower) severe coughing attacks may ：o involve difficulty breathingo result in vomiting o end in a high-pitched, crowing sound when inhaling, or end in a high-pitched whoop”o end in a momentary loss of consciousnes

10、s diarrhea choking spells in infants choking when emotionalsigns and teststhe initial diagnosis is usually based on the symptoms, to know for sure, the health care provider may take a swab of nasal secretions, grow a culture for a week or more, and then test for pertussis, this can be an accurate way of confirming a pertussis diagnosis, but the results are obtained after treatment has probably begun, thus, the culture has limited usefulness.the swabbed nasal secretions can be tested more quickly several other ways, one test, called per, is quic