實(shí)用大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教程：第三十章 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

1、第三十章第三十章 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)13.13.斜線(xiàn)的用法斜線(xiàn)的用法6.6.引號(hào)的用法引號(hào)的用法5. 5. 問(wèn)號(hào)的用法問(wèn)號(hào)的用法4.4.冒號(hào)的用法冒號(hào)的用法3.3.分號(hào)的用法分號(hào)的用法10.10.撇號(hào)的用法撇號(hào)的用法2. 2. 逗號(hào)的用法逗號(hào)的用法7.7.破折號(hào)的用法破折號(hào)的用法9.9.連字號(hào)的用法連字號(hào)的用法1.1.句號(hào)的用法句號(hào)的用法8.8.感嘆號(hào)的用法感嘆號(hào)的用法11.11.刪節(jié)號(hào)的用法刪節(jié)號(hào)的用法12.12.括號(hào)的用法括號(hào)的用法（1）用于陳述句或語(yǔ)氣不太強(qiáng)烈的祈使句末尾。例如：A friend in need is a friend in deed. 諺患難朋友才是真朋友。Lets go

2、 to the movies.咱們?nèi)タ措娪鞍伞o e-mail me to let me know how things are going.一定要發(fā)電子郵件告訴我事情的進(jìn)展情況。1.句號(hào)的用法（2）用于某些縮略詞之后。例如：Dr.(Doctor)醫(yī)生，博士 Prof.(Professor)教授M.A.(Master of Arts)文科碩士Dec.(December)十二月【注】當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，有些縮略詞后的圓點(diǎn)?？墒÷?，具體按習(xí)慣而定。（3）用于不期待對(duì)方回答，表面形式是疑問(wèn)句的句子（這種句子實(shí)質(zhì)上表示請(qǐng)求、規(guī)勸等意義，并非提出疑問(wèn)）。例如：Will you please return th

3、is book as soon as possible. 請(qǐng)盡快歸還此書(shū)。May I hear from you at your earliest convenience. 請(qǐng)?jiān)诜奖銜r(shí)盡早回信。2.逗號(hào)的用法（1）用于分隔句子中并列的平行成分。例如：Information resources must be correct, timely, concise,and comprehensive.信息資源必須準(zhǔn)確、及時(shí)、精煉、全面。 She read all kinds of books, ancient and modern,Chinese and foreign.她看了各種各樣的書(shū)，古今中外的

4、都有?！癐 have seen neither the camel, nor the cargo, nor the jewels, ”insisted the Arab.那個(gè)阿拉伯人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)：“我既沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)那頭駱駝，又沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)那些貨物，也沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)那些珠寶?！盩he professor entered the classroom, opened his notebook, and began his lecture.教授走進(jìn)教室，打開(kāi)手提電腦，開(kāi)始講課。（2）分隔并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的獨(dú)立分句。The bell ran on and on, and Tom was still reluctant

5、 to get out of bed.鈴聲響了又響，湯姆還是不想起床。 We must leave now, or we will miss the plane. 我們必須馬上動(dòng)身，否則就趕不上飛機(jī)了。I dont want to stay here this summer,nor will I go to any noisy city.今年暑假我不想呆在這里，也不想去任何一個(gè)喧鬧的城市。如果相連的兩個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單，可以不用逗號(hào).John was busy cooking but Mary was playing the piano.約翰在忙著做飯，瑪麗在彈鋼琴。The work is p

6、leasant and the hours are short.工作不錯(cuò)，工時(shí)又短。（3）狀語(yǔ)從句或作狀語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，一般用逗號(hào)將其與句子的其余部分隔開(kāi)。例如：Although it was raining, we went to the park.雖然下雨，我們還是去了公園。 If youre ever in London, come and look me up.一旦你到倫敦，可得來(lái)看我。In spite of their good intentions, most parents do not really understand their children.許多家長(zhǎng)雖然好心，但他

7、們并不真正了解自己的孩子。（4）用于分隔非限制性定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)或附加說(shuō)明的詞語(yǔ)。That summer, she went to Wuhan, where her husband worked.那年夏天她去了武漢，她丈夫在那兒工作。 Tom, my elder brother, advised me to take more exercise.我哥哥湯姆勸我要多運(yùn)動(dòng)。I have to get up early, particularly on Sundays.我必須早起，尤其是星期日。（5）用于分隔附加疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句。例如：Tom didnt take the job, did he?

8、湯姆沒(méi)有接受這份工作，是吧?Which pencil do you prefer, the red one or the blue one?你更喜歡哪支鉛筆，紅的還是藍(lán)的？（6）用于分隔直接引語(yǔ)和引述句。例如：She said, “I am ready.”她說(shuō)：“我準(zhǔn)備好了。”“Only a fool,” he said, “would continue like that.”他說(shuō)道：“只有傻瓜才會(huì)那樣干下去?！保?）用于分隔分詞短語(yǔ)和句子的主要部分。例如：George, seeing his brother was hurt,ran to help him.喬治看到弟弟受傷了，就過(guò)去幫他。B

9、ored with his work, he thought of going home early.他干煩了，想早點(diǎn)回家。（8）用于分隔作狀語(yǔ)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：She suddenly appeared at the door, a bunch of flowers in her hand.她突然出現(xiàn)在門(mén)口，手中拿著一束花。The ceremony over, we went back home.儀式結(jié)束之后，我們就回家了。Such being the case, the conference was put off for three days. 鑒于這樣的情況，會(huì)議推遲了三天。9）用于分

10、隔作獨(dú)立成分、評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)或連接性狀語(yǔ)等的詞語(yǔ)。例如：We were, believe it or not, in love with each other. 信不信由你，我們當(dāng)時(shí)在相愛(ài)。 My father, however, was determined to continue.不過(guò),我父親決心繼續(xù)下去。（10）用于日期或地址等。例如：The conference is scheduled for Friday, September 1,2006.會(huì)議定于2006年9月1日周五舉行。My address is 122 Ninghai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

11、.我的地址是中國(guó)江蘇南京寧海路122號(hào)。The quotation is from Chapter 2,page 46,line 8,of the second volume.該引文出自第2卷第2章第46頁(yè)第8行。（11）用于分隔呼語(yǔ)或用于信件和電子郵件的稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)（美國(guó)用法中多用冒號(hào)）或末尾客套語(yǔ)之后。例如：Charles, are we going climbing this weekend?查爾斯，我們周末去爬山嗎？Dear Dr. Smith(英國(guó)),/Dear. Dr Smith (美國(guó))：親愛(ài)的史密斯博士：Yours sincerely(英國(guó))，/Sincerely yours (美國(guó)

12、)，你忠實(shí)的，（12）用于yes, no, oh, excuse me, sorry和 well等之后。例如：Yes, times have changed.是呀,時(shí)代變了。Well, perhaps you are right.嗯,可能你是對(duì)的。3.分號(hào)的用法1）用于并列分句之間，替代并列連詞and, but, or等。例如：Some people work best in the mornings; others do better in the evenings.有些人早上工作效率高，另外一些人晚上工作效率較高。John is a doctor; Linda is a nurse.約翰是

13、醫(yī)生，琳達(dá)是護(hù)士。（2）常與連接性副詞連用，以表明相連的兩句之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。例如：Trains are too slow; hence he has decided to go by plane.火車(chē)太慢，所以他決定坐飛機(jī)。I dont want to go; besides, Im too tired.我不想去，而且我太累了。The film brought him fame; moreover, it brought him money.這部影片使他出了名，也使他發(fā)了財(cái)。（3）分隔已有逗號(hào)的并列成分，以避免歧義。例如：On the committee are quite a few wel

14、l known people, for example, Professor Zhang, an expert in economics; Dr. Wang, President of the MedicalUniversity; and Mr. Li, Editor in Chief of the local evening paper.該委員會(huì)中有許多知名人士，如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專(zhuān)家張教授，醫(yī)科大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)王博士，以及當(dāng)?shù)赝韴?bào)總編李先生。Three persons were mentioned in her will: John, her brother; Martin, her nephew; and

15、 Helen, her faithful friend.她在遺言中提到三個(gè)人：弟弟約翰，侄兒馬丁，還有她最忠實(shí)的朋友海倫。We have more knowledge, but less sense; more medicine, but less wellness.我們知識(shí)多了，領(lǐng)悟力卻差了；醫(yī)療發(fā)達(dá)了，健康卻差了。（1）用于列舉的事物前。例如：We visited several major cities in Europe: Paris, Lyon, London, Rome, Milan and Berlin.我們游覽了歐洲多個(gè)主要城市:巴黎、里昂、倫敦、米蘭和柏林。We need t

16、hree kinds of support: economic, political and moral.我們需要三種支持：經(jīng)濟(jì)的，政治的和道義的。My arguments are as follows：我的論點(diǎn)如下：4.冒號(hào)的用法My mother taught us one important rule in life: always be honest.母親教給我們一條重要的生活原則：永遠(yuǎn)要誠(chéng)實(shí)。Toms work is unsatisfactory: his answers are thoughtless, his spelling is careless and his writin

17、g is bad.湯姆的作業(yè)不能令人滿(mǎn)意：答案馬虎、拼寫(xiě)粗心、書(shū)寫(xiě)潦草。（3）在正式文體中可用在引述語(yǔ)之后。例如：He protested: “Its not my fault that no one stays!”他抗議道：“人全都走了，這不是我的錯(cuò)啊。”In his speech he said :“All men are created equal.”（2）用于說(shuō)明或解釋上文。例如：他在發(fā)言中說(shuō)道：“所有人生而平等。”（4）分隔書(shū)名或文章的標(biāo)題與副標(biāo)題。例如：Stylistics: A Practical Coursebook實(shí)用文體學(xué)教程Advertising: the Selling

18、 of a Product 廣告：產(chǎn)品的推銷(xiāo)（5）用于時(shí)間、比賽的比分等。例如：The concert begins at 7:30 p.m.音樂(lè)會(huì)晚上七點(diǎn)半開(kāi)始。 Brazil beat Scotland 3:2 in the World Cup yesterday evening. 在昨晚的世界杯賽中，巴西隊(duì)以三比二擊敗蘇格蘭隊(duì)。（6）在通知等應(yīng)用文中，用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等。例如：Speaker: Professor Jones演講人：瓊斯教授Topic: Communication and Culture題目：交流與文化Time: 3:00 p.m.時(shí)間：下午三點(diǎn)Place: Lectu

19、re Room 2地點(diǎn)：第二講演廳5.問(wèn)號(hào)的用法（1）用于疑問(wèn)句的末尾。例如：Have you ever been to Japan?你去過(guò)日本嗎？ I said to her, “When are you going to Beijing?”我對(duì)她說(shuō)：“你打算什么時(shí)候去北京?”【注】問(wèn)號(hào)不用于間接問(wèn)句末尾。例如：He asked me whether I had studied Japanese at high school.他問(wèn)我上中學(xué)時(shí)有沒(méi)有學(xué)過(guò)日語(yǔ)。 （2）用于陳述句末，表示疑問(wèn)，此時(shí)句子用升調(diào)。例如：Youre finished your work?你工作做完了？You mean y

20、oure also from Singapore?你是說(shuō)你也來(lái)自新加坡嗎？6.引號(hào)的用法(1)用于直接引語(yǔ)。例如：Abraham Lincoln said, “You can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.”亞伯拉罕林肯說(shuō)過(guò)：“你可以在某個(gè)時(shí)間里欺騙所有的人，也可以永遠(yuǎn)欺騙某些人，但你無(wú)法永遠(yuǎn)欺騙所有的人?！?2)用于特指一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)或表示引起注意。例如：How do you spel

21、l the word “across”?“across”一詞如何拼寫(xiě)？A textbook can be a “wall” between a teacher and his class.教科書(shū)會(huì)成為老師和班上學(xué)生之間的一堵“墻”。（3）用于文章、歌曲、電影、節(jié)目等的標(biāo)題。例如：Have you read the essay “The Simple Joys of Life” in the January Readers Digest?你讀過(guò)一月號(hào)讀者文摘上的散文生活中的恬淡之樂(lè)嗎？Have you seen the film “Star Wars”?你看過(guò)星球大戰(zhàn)這部影片嗎？One of m

22、y favorite poems is “A Red, Red Rose”by Robert Burns.我最喜歡的一首詩(shī)是彭斯的紅紅的玫瑰。 【注】引號(hào)有單引號(hào)和雙引號(hào)。英國(guó)英語(yǔ)多用單引號(hào)，美國(guó)英語(yǔ)多用雙引號(hào)。當(dāng)引文中又有引文或引號(hào)中又需用引號(hào)時(shí)，英國(guó)英語(yǔ)用單引號(hào)中套雙引號(hào)的方式；美國(guó)英語(yǔ)則相反。例如：The teacher asked, “Who said, Give me liberty or give me death?”（美國(guó)）老師問(wèn)道：“誰(shuí)說(shuō)的不自由，毋寧死？”7. 破折號(hào)的用法(1)表示話(huà)語(yǔ)突然中斷、意思突然轉(zhuǎn)折或猶豫不決。例如：“Id like to, ”he said, “b

23、ut Im”“我愿意，”他說(shuō)，“但是我”I was offendedno, enraged would be more accurate.我很生氣不，我被激怒了更準(zhǔn)確。Iermy cousinhad been there.我嗯我表弟到過(guò)那兒。(2)用于插入語(yǔ)。例如：She isyou have seen her beforeno longer what she used to be.她你以前見(jiàn)過(guò)的現(xiàn)在完全變樣了。This answerif we can call it an answeris completely meaningless.這個(gè)答案如果我們能稱(chēng)之為答案的話(huà)完全毫無(wú)意義。(3)分隔

24、同位語(yǔ)、解釋或補(bǔ)充性話(huà)語(yǔ)。例如：WeGeorge and Iintend to resign.我們，即喬治和我，打算辭職。He was a gentlemana gentleman of the old school.他很紳士一個(gè)老派紳士。I cant come with youI have an essay to write.我不能和你一起去我有一篇文章要寫(xiě)。(4)引出概括性詞語(yǔ)或被強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞語(yǔ)。例如： Self respect, self knowledge, self controlthese are the three elements crucial to successful liv

25、ing.自重，自知，自制這些是成功人生的三要素。A dozen eggs, a loaf of bread and a pound of cheeseis that all you wanted?一打雞蛋，一條面包和一磅奶酪你要的就這些嗎? In the whole world there is only one person he really admireshimself.在整個(gè)世界上他只真正崇拜一個(gè)人他自己。(5)表示引文出處。例如：I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. Winston Churchill除了鮮

26、血、辛勞、眼淚和汗水，我無(wú)可奉獻(xiàn)。溫斯頓丘吉爾8. 感嘆號(hào)的用法(1)用于感嘆句或感嘆（詞）語(yǔ)之后。例如：What a vicious war!多么邪惡的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)?。ow nice of you to come!你能來(lái)真是太好了！God! I left my key in the office.天?。∥野谚€匙落在辦公室了。(2) 用于祈使句，表示強(qiáng)烈的祈使語(yǔ)氣。例如：Stop probing!別刨根問(wèn)底了!Open the window!打開(kāi)窗戶(hù)!(3) 用于祝福語(yǔ)、口號(hào)等之后。例如：Happy birthday to you!祝你生日快樂(lè)！Long live world peace!世界和平萬(wàn)

27、歲！(4) 用于其他詞、短語(yǔ)或句子后，表示強(qiáng)烈的感情或引起注意。例如：The war came to an end at last!戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)終于結(jié)束了！Why dont you stop biting your nails!別咬你的指甲呀!Help!救命啊!（1）用于復(fù)合詞中。例如：father- in- law岳父，公公 up-to-date最新的self-steam 自尊 mother-to-be準(zhǔn)媽媽?zhuān)?）用于表示元音的延長(zhǎng)或說(shuō)話(huà)結(jié)巴時(shí)音的重復(fù)。例如：C-c-can you h- e- e- elp me, please?你能能幫幫我嗎？9. 連字號(hào)的用法10. 撇號(hào)的用法（1）用于表示名詞

28、的所有格。例如：Everybodys business is nobodys business.諺大家的責(zé)任便是無(wú)責(zé)任。/三個(gè)和尚沒(méi)水喝。They worked without a moments rest.他們一刻不停地工作。(2)用于構(gòu)成字母、數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：How many 5s did you get?你得了幾個(gè)5分？during the 1980s在20世紀(jì)80年代There are two ms, two ts, and two es in “committee”.committee里有2個(gè)m，2個(gè)t，2個(gè)e。（3）用于表示字母或數(shù)字的省略。例如：Neednt(= need not)不必Rock n roll(=rock and roll)搖滾樂(lè)the summer of 78(=1978)1978年的夏天（1）用于表示詞語(yǔ)的省略（句尾用刪節(jié)號(hào)時(shí)，加上句號(hào)共計(jì)4個(gè)點(diǎn)）。例如：“the book is lively and well written.”“該書(shū)行文活潑寫(xiě)得很好。”In her diary, she wrote,“now our secret has been revealed.