外文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯：基于單片機(jī)的電子稱設(shè)計(jì)

1、本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目： 基于單片機(jī)的電子稱設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 院： 專業(yè)班級： 學(xué)生 指導(dǎo)教師： 2011年 3 月 9日electronic scaleselectronic scales are weighing technology in a new type of instrument is widely used in various occasions. electronic scales and mechanical scales have more small size, light weight, simple structure, low price and p

2、ractical value of strong, convenient maintenance and so on can be in a variety of environmental work, the weight of the signal can be remote, the weight of display is easy to implement digital, easy-to-computer network, production automation, higher labor productivity. scale labels in the supermarke

3、t is in the application of face value. a small label contains: name, price, weight, etc. 11 list in this small electronic label. greatly accelerated the use of label machine sales pace, but also convenient for customers. top barcode labels have many remarkable features of scale, ethernet feature mak

4、es the management more convenient. electronic scale classification (scales can be divided into mechanical and electronic type)1 how it works: electronic works in electronic components (weighing sensor, ad conversion circuit, microcontroller circuits, display circuit, keyboard circuitry, communicatio

5、ns interface circuits, regulated power supply circuit circuit. 2 using the function: electronic weighing the use of modern sensor technology, electronics and computer technology integration, electronic weighing devices, in order to meet and solve real lifes fast, accurate, continuous, automatic weig

6、hing requirements, while effectively eliminating human error, to make it more in line with the management of legal metrology and industrial production process control applications. 3. three health scales are weighing the use of features in a category (divided into mechanical and electronic), inexpen

7、sive, it can help people to effectively monitor their own body weight changes, new products also can detect their fat content, but also some human-oriented subsidiary functions. may not be part of measuring equipment. 4 electronic scale is a measurement of the state compulsory test apparatus, and hi

8、s qualified products are test indexing the value of d values of e and subdivision standards, is subject to the protection of the national metrology products. in the electronic weighing there is a category called human scale products, which can test in the measurement sector, weighing very precise. b

9、lock diagram interpretation of the principle of electronic balance the first part of the electronic scale principle block diagram: program k / b (button) fx sensors op zoom a / d converter cpu display driver display memory workflow note: when an object on the pan when the pressure facilities to the

10、sensor that occurred deformation, so that resistance to change, while the use of excitation voltage changes, the output of a change in analog signal. this signal amplification by the amplifier output to the adc. converted to facilitate the processing of the digital signal output to the cpu operator

11、control. cpu under the keyboard commands and program output to display this result. until the show such a result. the second part of the scale of the classification: 1. according to principles of points: e-scale mechanical scale mechanical and electrical integration scales 2. according to the functi

12、ons sub: counting scales weighing scale pricing scale 3. purpose: industrial commercial scales special scales balance the third part of the scale types: 1. the full name of the desktop scale refers to the volume of less than 30kg electronic scale 2. the full name of platform scale refers to the volu

13、me within the 30-300kg electronic scale 3. loadometer full name refers to the volume of more than 300kg electronic scale 4. precision balance 4th part of the accuracy of classification: i class: special scales precision 1 / 10 wan ii level: high-precision scale 1 / 10000 precision of 1 / 100,000 iii

14、: the accuracy of scale 1 / 1000 precision of 1 / 10000 class iv: common scale 1 / 100 precision of 1 / 1000 part v of professional terminology: 1. maximum weighing: an electron balance, excluding tare weight, the maximum load can weigh; 2. minimum weigh: a electronic scales below the value that wou

15、ld have occurred when a relatively error; 3. safe load: 120% of the normal weighing range; 4. rated load: normal weighing range; 5. permissible error: class test when the maximum deviation; 6. a sense of quantity: a single electronic scales can show the smallest scale; usually d to represent; 7. ana

16、lytic capacity: a function with a count of the electronic scales, can distinguish the smallest scale; 8. resolution: a counting function with an electronic scale, the internal capacity of a resolution of a parameter; 9. warm-up time: a scale used to achieve the targets of the time; 10. accuracy: the

17、 full name of a sense of volume and volume ratios; 11. electronic scale use of environmental temperature: -10 degrees celsius to 40 degrees celsius 12. platform scale the table size: 25cm x 30cm 30cm x 40cm 40cm x 50cm 42cm x 52cm 45cm x 60cm part vi electronic scale features: 1. to achieve long-dis

18、tance operations; 2. to achieve automatic control; 3. figures show that an intuitive, reduce human error; 4. high accuracy and resolution strong; 5. weighing range is wide; 6 . unique features: buckle weight, withholding weight, zero, accumulated, warning, etc.; 7. maintenance simple; 8. size is sma

19、ll; 9. installation, calibration simple; 10. special industry, can be accessed by the printer or computer-driven; 11. intelligent electronic scale, quick reaction, high efficiency; part vii of the electronic scale inspection process: 1. first, the overall examination: whether the wear and tear; 2. w

20、hether the boot: the boot sequence is from 0 to 9 in turn shows that figures are vague, can zero; 3. whether the backlight ; 4. with the weight tests in weighing; 5. chargers is intact, can use; 6. parts are complete; part viii sensor type: 1. resistive: affordable, high accuracy, widely used; 2. ca

21、pacitive: small size, low precision; 3. maglev-style: special high-precision, high cost; 4. hydraulic formula: the current the market has been eliminated; display type: 1.lcd (liquid crystal display): free electricity, energy-saving, with backlight; 2.led: free electricity, power consumption, very b

22、right; 3. lamp: electricity, power consumption , high; k / b (button) type: 1. film button: contact type; 2. mechanical buttons: made up of many individual combinations of keys together; sensor characteristics: 1. rated load; 2. output sensitivity; 3. non-linear; 4. hysteresis; 5. repeatable; 6. cre

23、ep; 7. 12:00 output effects; 8. rated output temperature; 9. 12:00 input; 10. input impedance; 11. output impedance; 12. insulation resistance ; 13. to allow excitation voltage; (5-18v) part ix sensor damaged phenomenon: 1. weighing not allowed; 2. shows no return to zero; 3. shows the number of bou

24、nce to judge the sensor + e,-e, + s,-s 1. the first to use resistance profile measurement 4-line 22 this resistance value, a total of 6 groups. the case of 400-450, compared with europe + e,-e; if it is 350 in europe, compared to + s,-s; for the 290 in europe, compared to r-arm; 2. + e,-e terminated

25、 on the + 1.5v voltage sensor correctly to exert a pressure, such as the output + _s increase, then the red table pens as + s, the contrary-s; 10th part of the high-precision counting scale features: 1.kg/ib unit conversion functions; 2. 12:00 display range adjustment function (glh series does not)

26、3. sampling speed adjustment function; 4. there are 10 groups memory function singlet; 5. may be at the same time the weight, quantity, the cumulative function (glh only the number of cumulative) 6. can set the weight, the maximum amount of warning function; 7. automatic zero tracking, temperature l

27、inear correction; 8. deduction of withholding heavy weight and function; 9. standby function; 10. there is zero shows zero tracking range and scope; 11. there is the battery voltage control to limit the function; electronic scales are weighing technology in a new type of instrument is widely used in

28、 various occasions. electronic scales and mechanical scales have more small size, light weight, simple structure, low price and practical value of strong, convenient maintenance and so on can be in a variety of environmental work, the weight of the signal can be remote, the weight of display is easy

29、 to implement digital, easy-to-computer networking, process automation of production and improve labor productivity. electronic scale also has an automatic zero tracking, overload display of self-extinguishing characteristics. mechanical scales, floor scale / land in the value (car value), weigh-bri

30、dges and other fitted force-sensitive sensors and microcomputer-controlled intelligent weighing instruments become intelligent digital electrical and mechanical balance (or the mechanical and electrical dual-use scales), to improve the mechanical balance of the measurement accuracy, with low cost, h

31、igh reliability, simple installation and so on, without prejudice to the original mechanical scales to any transmission bearing structure. there are peeled, set to zero, the cumulative number of times, the cumulative weight (cumulative amount of valuation-based), auto-zeroing, auto-tracking and othe

32、r functions. weighing data can be directly printed or transmitted via computer networks, industrial processes can improve the level of scale and product quality, trade clearing with the scale can improve the credibility of incalculable social and economic benefits. electronic scale is basically a se

33、nsor, amplifier circuit, a / d conversion circuit, microcontroller control of display parts, switch matrix circuit, the keyboard circuit and power circuit. weight sensor signals are converted to a corresponding electrical signal, after amplified into the a / d converted into pulses weight, through t

34、he scm under the control of the analog voltage signals into digital. the digital conversion by the scm program in line with the actual weight of the value of sending the number of display windows. mcu at the same time the keyboard and switch matrix for monitoring. according to the input parameter va

35、lues, the program handled accordingly. power circuit to provide the various parts of the operating voltage. microprocessors such as 8050, hd404418f, 8031, etc. cpu. highly versatile motherboard, different values of range and sub-degree scales, just adjust the jumpers on the motherboard and the dip s

36、witch can be achieved, the only difference is that the sensor used with a rated carrying capacitysensor is a physical device or biological organ that can detect and feel the outside of the signal, physical condition (such as light, heat, humidity) or chemical composition (such as smoke), and discove

37、ry of information to other devices or organs. definition of sensornational standard gb7665-87 sensor is defined as: can feel the requirements are measured and converted in accordance with the laws of certain signal device or devices available, usually composed of sensitive components and conversion

38、devices. sensor is a detection device, can feel the information being measured, and can detect sense of information, according to certain laws of transformation into electrical signals, or other forms of information required for output to meet the information transmission, processing, storage, displ

39、ay, recording and control requirements. it is the automatic detection and control of the primary link.the role of sensorpeople in order to obtain information from the outside world must help of sense organs. and rely on peoples own sense organs, the study of natural phenomena and laws, and productio

40、n activities in their functions on far enough. to meet this situation, we need sensors. it can be said sensor is an extension of human senses, also known as electronic features.the arrival of the new technological revolution, the world entered the information age. in the course of the use of informa

41、tion, we must first resolve is to obtain accurate and reliable information, and sensors is to obtain information in the field of natural and production of the main ways and means.in modern industrial production, especially automated production process, the use of various sensors to monitor and contr

42、ol the various parameters of the production process, so that devices work best in the normal state or condition, and to achieve the best quality products. therefore we can say, without a large number of good sensors, modern production base will be lost.in the basic science research, a more prominent

43、 position sensor. the development of modern science and technology into many new areas: for example, thousands of light years to observe the macro level of the vast universe, to observe microscopically small particles cm the world, vertical, to observe the evolution over hundreds of years of celesti

44、al bodies , a short response to the s moment. in addition, there was even a matter of deepening understanding, developing new energy, new materials, play an important role in a variety of extreme technology such as ultra-high temperature, ultra-low temperature, high pressure, ultra-high vacuum, powe

45、rful magnetic field, ultra-weak magnetic bagging, etc. . obviously, to obtain a large number of human senses can not directly access the information,not compatible with sensors is impossible. many basic scientific research obstacles, first of all to obtain information on the object is difficult, and

46、 a new highly sensitive detection mechanism and the emergence of sensors, often lead to breakthroughs in the field. the development of a number of sensors is often a pioneer in the development of marginal subjects.sensor has already penetrated into, such as industrial production, space development,

47、marine exploration, environmental protection, resource survey, medical diagnostics, biotechnology, and even conservation areas and so most of the pan. it is no exaggeration to say that, from the vast space, the vastness of the ocean, as well as a variety of complex engineering systems, almost every

48、modern project, are inseparable from a variety of sensors.thus, the sensor technology in economic development, promote the important role of social progress is very clear. countries in the world attach great importance to the development of this area. i believe in the near future, there will be a le

49、ap in sensor technology, to achieve status commensurate with its important new level.sensor classificationdifferent views can be classified on the sensors: they transform principle (transducer on the basic physical or chemical effect); their purpose; their output signal types and the production of t

50、heir materials and processes.working principle of the sensor can be divided into physical sensors and chemical sensors two categories:sensor working principle of the classification of physical sensors that physical effects, such as the piezoelectric effect, magnetostriction, ionization, polarization

51、, thermal, optical, magnetic and electric effects. small changes in the amount of the measured signal will be converted into electrical signals.chemical sensors, including those with chemical adsorption, electrochemical reaction, a causal relationship between the phenomenon of the sensor, the measur

52、ed signal will be small changes in volume converted to electrical signals.some sensors can not divided into physics, can not be divided into chemical classes. most of the physics-based sensor is functioning. many problems of chemical sensor technology, such as reliability issues, the possibility of

53、mass production, prices, etc., solve such problems, the application of chemical sensors will have tremendous growth.dynamic characteristicthe so-called dynamic characteristics, is the change in the input sensor, its output characteristics. in practice, the sensors dynamic characteristics common to c

54、ertain standards of its response to said input signal. this is because the sensor response to the standard input signal easily obtained by experiment, and its standard input signal response and its response to any input signal exists between the relationship, often the latter that the former can be

55、presumed. the most commonly used standard input signal and sine signal with step two, so the dynamic characteristics of sensors are commonly used in the step response and frequency response to that.電子秤電子秤是稱重技術(shù)中的一種新型儀表，廣泛應(yīng)用于各種場合。電子秤與機(jī)械秤比較有體積小、重量輕、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、價(jià)格低、實(shí)用價(jià)值強(qiáng)、維護(hù)方便等特點(diǎn)，可在各種環(huán)境工作，重量信號可遠(yuǎn)傳，易于實(shí)現(xiàn)重量顯示數(shù)字化，易于

56、與計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)網(wǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)過程自動化，提高勞動生產(chǎn)率。標(biāo)簽秤在超市中的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)是耳聞目睹的了。一張小小的標(biāo)簽包含著：品名、價(jià)格、重量等，一一列表在這小小的電子標(biāo)簽上。標(biāo)簽機(jī)的使用大大加快了銷售速度，也方便了顧客。頂尖條碼標(biāo)簽秤有著許多卓越的特點(diǎn)，以太網(wǎng)功能使管理更加方便。電子秤的分類(衡器可以分為機(jī)械式和電子式)1 工作原理：電子式的工作原理以電子元件（稱重傳感器，ad轉(zhuǎn)換電路，單片機(jī)電路，顯示電路，鍵盤電路，通訊接口電路，穩(wěn)壓電源電路等電路組成。 2 使用功能：電子衡器采用現(xiàn)代傳感器技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)一體化的電子稱量裝置，才能滿足并解決現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中提出的快速、準(zhǔn)確、連續(xù)、自動稱量要求，同時(shí)

57、有效地消除人為誤差，使之更符合法制計(jì)量管理和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程控制的應(yīng)用要求。 3 健康秤是衡器使用功能中的一個(gè)分類（分為機(jī)械式和電子式），物美價(jià)廉，它可以幫助人們有效的監(jiān)視自己的體重變化，新產(chǎn)品還可以檢測自己的脂肪含量，而且還有一些人性化的附屬功能?？赡懿粚儆谟?jì)量器具。 4 電子衡器是國家強(qiáng)制檢定的計(jì)量器具，他的合格產(chǎn)品是有檢定分度值e和細(xì)分值d的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是受國家計(jì)量法保護(hù)的產(chǎn)品。在電子衡器分類中有一種叫“人體秤”的產(chǎn)品，它可以在計(jì)量部門進(jìn)行檢定，稱重很精確。電子秤的原理方框圖解讀第一部分 電子秤的原理方框圖: 程式 k/b(按鍵) fx 傳感器 op放大 a/d轉(zhuǎn)換 cpu 顯示驅(qū)動 顯示屏記憶體

58、 工作流程說明： 當(dāng)物體放在秤盤上時(shí)，壓力施給傳感器，該傳感器發(fā)生形變，從而使阻抗發(fā)生變化，同時(shí)使用激勵電壓發(fā)生變化，輸出一個(gè)變化的模擬信號。該信號經(jīng)放大電路放大輸出到模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器。轉(zhuǎn)換成便于處理的數(shù)字信號輸出到cpu運(yùn)算控制。cpu根據(jù)鍵盤命令以及程序?qū)⑦@種結(jié)果輸出到顯示器。直至顯示這種結(jié)果。 第二部分 秤的分類： 1.按原理分：電子秤機(jī)械秤 機(jī)電結(jié)合秤 2.按功能分：計(jì)數(shù)秤 計(jì)價(jià)秤 計(jì)重秤 3.按用途分：工業(yè)秤商業(yè)秤 特種秤第三部分 秤的種類： 1.桌面秤 指全稱量在30kg以下的電子秤 2.臺秤 指全稱量在30-300kg以內(nèi)的電子秤 3.地磅 指全稱量在300kg以上的電子秤 4.精密天平第四部分 按精確度分類： i級： 特種天平 精密度1/10萬 ii級： 高精度天平 1/1萬精密度1/10萬 iii級： 中精度天平 1/1000精密度1/1萬 iv級： 普通秤 1/100精密度1/1000第五部分 專業(yè)術(shù)語： 1.最大稱量： 一臺電子秤不計(jì)皮重，所能稱量的最大的載荷; 2.最小稱量：一臺電子秤在低于該值時(shí)會出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)相對誤差; 3.安全載荷： 120%正常稱量范圍; 4.額定載荷： 正常稱量范圍; 5.允許誤差： 等級檢定時(shí)允