2汽車專業(yè)英語(yǔ)--發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

1、2一、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的分類Clissified by fuel（按燃料不同分類）汽油機(jī)和柴油機(jī)；Clissfiled by working progress（按工作行程分類）四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和二沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)；Clissfiled by cooled ways（按冷卻方式分類）水冷發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和風(fēng)冷發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)；Clissfiled by number of cylinder（按氣缸數(shù)量分類）單缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)3Clissified by fuel（按燃料不同分類）汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)gasoline enginegasolinegslin n. 汽油 點(diǎn)燃方式（點(diǎn)燃式）4柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)diesel engin

2、edieseldi:zl n. 柴油 ，柴油機(jī)點(diǎn)燃方式（壓燃式）5Clissfiled by working progress（按工作行程分類）二沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)二沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Two stroke enginestrokestrk n. 沖程，行程；活塞反復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)一次，曲軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一周，兩個(gè)沖程完成一個(gè)工作循環(huán)。6四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Four stroke enginestrokestrk n. 沖程，行程；活塞反復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)兩次，曲軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)兩周，四個(gè)沖程完成一個(gè)工作循環(huán)。7水冷卻式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水冷卻式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Water coolest engine水箱，通過(guò)水泵作用，水通過(guò)水道流通整個(gè)汽缸體，進(jìn)行降溫。8風(fēng)冷卻式發(fā)動(dòng)

3、機(jī)風(fēng)冷卻式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)air coolest engine風(fēng)冷，通過(guò)空氣氣流與風(fēng)扇作用，空氣/風(fēng)通過(guò)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)整個(gè)汽缸體，進(jìn)行降溫。9Clissfiled by number of cylinder（按氣缸數(shù)量分類）單缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)單缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Single cylinder enginecylinder slnd n. 氣缸我只有一個(gè)氣缸，我只有一個(gè)氣缸，一組氣門(mén)；一組氣門(mén)；10多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Multi cylinder enginecylinder slnd n. 氣缸我有多個(gè)氣缸，我有多個(gè)氣缸，多組氣門(mén)；多組氣門(mén)；11二、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的基本組成12汽油機(jī)包含幾大系統(tǒng)？冷卻系 cooling system潤(rùn)滑

4、系 lubrication system lu:brken 潤(rùn)滑，加油; 油潤(rùn);起動(dòng)系 starting system點(diǎn)火系 Ignition system gnn燃油供給系 fuel supply system進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng) intake system排氣系統(tǒng) exhaust system gz:st1314Cooling system (冷卻系統(tǒng)冷卻系統(tǒng))Starting system (起動(dòng)系統(tǒng)起動(dòng)系統(tǒng))15vLubrication system (潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng))vIgnition system (點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng))16vFuel supply system (燃油供給系統(tǒng)燃油供給系統(tǒng))v

5、intake system (進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng))17例句分析：Engine system includes ：_、_、_、_. 中文：include vt.包括，包含； 譯文：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)包括：_、 _、_、 _。 ignition systemstarting systemlubrication systemcooling system點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)起動(dòng)系統(tǒng)起動(dòng)系統(tǒng)潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)冷卻系統(tǒng)冷卻系統(tǒng)18汽油機(jī)包括哪兩大機(jī)構(gòu)？Crank-connecting rod mechanism曲曲 柄柄連桿連桿機(jī)構(gòu)機(jī)構(gòu)19配氣機(jī)構(gòu)Valve mechanism氣氣 門(mén)門(mén)機(jī)機(jī) 構(gòu)構(gòu)20Intake 進(jìn)氣進(jìn)

6、氣 Compression壓縮壓縮Exhaust排放排放Power做功做功Stroke . /struk / n. 打擊；中風(fēng)；筆畫(huà)；沖程；嘗試；輕撫打擊；中風(fēng)；筆畫(huà)；沖程；嘗試；輕撫 三、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的四大工作行程21四、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的布置形式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后置后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)22課堂小結(jié)需要記住的單詞：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)底盤(pán)車身電器系統(tǒng)汽油柴油沖程EngineEngineChassisChassisBodyBodyElectrical systemElectrical systemGasolineGasolineDieselDieselst

7、rokestroke23單獨(dú)的，獨(dú)立的氣缸曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)配氣機(jī)構(gòu)SingleSinglecylindercylinderCrank-connecting rod mechanismCrank-connecting rod mechanismkrk n. 機(jī)曲柄; 妙語(yǔ)，奇想rd n. 桿，拉桿; 懲罰，體罰; （責(zé)打人用的）棍棒; 手槍; meknzm 機(jī)制 Valve mechanismValve mechanism英英 vvlv lv 美美 vvlv lv n n閥閥; ; 真空管真空管; ; （管樂(lè)器的）活栓（管樂(lè)器的）活栓; ; （心臟的）瓣膜（心臟的）瓣膜; ;排氣系統(tǒng) Exhaust

8、 systemExhaust system潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng) Lubrication systemLubrication system 點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng) Ignition systemIgnition system啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng) Starting systemStarting system冷卻系統(tǒng) Cooling systemCooling system進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng) Intake systemIntake system2425需要記住的句子There are four basic components of There are four basic components of the automobile : engin

9、e , chassis , the automobile : engine , chassis , body and electrical system .body and electrical system .譯：汽車有四個(gè)基本組成部分，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)， 底盤(pán)，車身和電氣系統(tǒng)。Engine system includes Engine system includes ： ignition ignition systemsystem，lubrication system, cooling lubrication system, cooling system, starting system.syste

10、m, starting system.譯：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)包括：點(diǎn)火系，潤(rùn)滑系，冷卻系，起動(dòng)系。26布置任務(wù)將需要記住的單詞和句子記錄在筆記本上；將需要記住的單詞每個(gè)寫(xiě)3遍，1遍漢語(yǔ)意思；I. Pre-questionsThe heart of automobileWhat impression of the engine?complicated powerI. Pre-questionsWhat are there types of the engine?electric motors, steam engines, and internal combustion engines Whats th

11、e internal combustion engine? burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.I. Pre-questionsSingle-cylinder enginecylinderpistonPiston pinConnecting rodcrankshaftOil pipeIntake valveExhaust valve Timing gearOil pumpwha

12、t is the power source of automobile and how to produce?piston piston pin connecting rod crankshaft EnginePower is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft, which changes it into rotary motion. I. Pre-

13、questionsThe engine comprises two mechanism and five systems, what are they ?crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism, valve gear, cooling system, lubricating system, fuel system, starting system, ignition system I. Pre-questionsconnecting rodflywheelcrankshaftpistonintake valveexhaust valvepush rodt

14、appettiming gears Valve gear Connecting rod Engine cooling systemEngine lubricating systemFuel supply systemValve gearWhats the function of the crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism? Its function is to convert heat energy into mechanical energy used to drive the vehicles. I. Pre-questionsThe inter

15、nal combustion engine, as its name indicates, burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.譯文：譯文：內(nèi)燃機(jī)，內(nèi)燃機(jī)，顧名思義顧名思義，就是燃料在氣缸內(nèi)部，就是燃料在氣缸內(nèi)部燃燒，并且把燃燒時(shí)的膨脹力轉(zhuǎn)化為驅(qū)動(dòng)車輛的燃燒，并且把燃燒時(shí)的膨脹力轉(zhuǎn)化為驅(qū)動(dòng)車輛的旋轉(zhuǎn)力。旋轉(zhuǎn)力。 II. Text ExplanationOf all automo

16、bile components, an automobile engine is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an automobile. complicated kmplikeitid adj.復(fù)雜的復(fù)雜的, 難解的難解的dominance dmnns n.優(yōu)勢(shì)優(yōu)勢(shì), 統(tǒng)治統(tǒng)治譯文：譯文：汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是一切汽車部件中結(jié)構(gòu)最復(fù)雜，汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是一切汽車部件中結(jié)構(gòu)最復(fù)雜，對(duì)汽車功能起支配作用的一個(gè)總成。對(duì)汽車功能起支配作用的一個(gè)總成。 II. Text ExplanationIts fu

17、nction is to convert heat energy into mechanical energy used to drive the vehicles.Convertinto. 轉(zhuǎn)變；變換轉(zhuǎn)變；變換譯文：譯文：它的作用就是將熱能轉(zhuǎn)換成機(jī)械能用來(lái)驅(qū)它的作用就是將熱能轉(zhuǎn)換成機(jī)械能用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車動(dòng)汽車 。 II. Text ExplanationCo.轉(zhuǎn)變；變換轉(zhuǎn)變；變換That building has been converted into a school. 那座樓房改成學(xué)校了。那座樓房改成學(xué)校了。兌換兌換 I want to convert some Hong

18、 Kong dollars into American dollars. 我想把一些港元換成美元。我想把一些港元換成美元。改變信仰、黨派或意見(jiàn)等改變信仰、黨派或意見(jiàn)等 She managed to convert him to her opinion. 她終于設(shè)法說(shuō)服了他接受她的意見(jiàn)。她終于設(shè)法說(shuō)服了他接受她的意見(jiàn)。 II. Text ExplanationPower is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. linear lini adj. 線的線的, 直線的直線的, 線線 性的性的 piston pistn n.

19、活塞活塞 II. Text ExplanationThe piston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin, called a piston pin or wrist pin. attach to v. 連接連接 connecting rod 連桿連桿 piston pin = wrist pin 活塞銷活塞銷II. Text ExplanationThe connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft, which ch

20、anges it into rotary motion. transmitto 把把傳到傳到 which changes it into rotary motion 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 II. Text Explanationdiesel engineswater pumpthe ignition distributoroil pantiming gearcrankshaft and connecting rod mechanismvalve gearfuel systemexhaust pipeexhaust manifold III. ExercisesTranslate the follo

21、wing expressions into Chinese.u柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)u水泵u分電器u油底殼u正時(shí)齒輪u曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)u配氣機(jī)構(gòu)u燃油系統(tǒng)u排氣管u排氣歧管1-cylinder head cover 2-piston3-timing toothed belt4-water pump5-oil pan6-oil pump7-crankshaft8-flywheel9-distributor10-valve III. ExercisesThe crankshaft represents the final link in the conversion of reciprocating motion

22、 at the piston to one of rotation at the flywheel. In the cast of the multi-cylinder engine, the crankshaft has to control the relative motions of the pistons, while receiving their own impulses. A one-piece construction is most commonly used for the motor-vehicle crankshaft, which extends the whole

23、 length of the engine and must therefore possess considerable rigidity . III. ExercisesThe timing-drive for the engine valve mechanism is taken from the front end of the crankshaft as is the pulley and belt drive for the engine auxiliaries, such as the cooling fan and the alternator for electrical s

24、ystem. attached to the rear end of the crankshaft is the engine flywheel . III. ExercisesI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1Engine is the power source of the automobile. Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是汽車的動(dòng)力源發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是汽車的動(dòng)力源.它通過(guò)汽缸內(nèi)的活塞線性運(yùn)動(dòng)它通過(guò)汽缸內(nèi)的活塞線性運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生

25、的產(chǎn)生的.2The fuel system works according to the requirements of the engine as it provides an air-fuel mixture which must be in proportion to the speed and load placed on the engine.燃油系統(tǒng)的作用是根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速和負(fù)荷提供一定燃油系統(tǒng)的作用是根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速和負(fù)荷提供一定比例的可燃混合氣以滿足發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的需求。比例的可燃混合氣以滿足發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的需求。 III. Exercises3The valve gear provides timely admission of the f