中考英語動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)---盤江書院劉伶俐

1、劉伶俐劉伶俐 一、一般現(xiàn)在時一、一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時的謂語構(gòu)成：一般現(xiàn)在時的謂語構(gòu)成：1、be動詞：動詞：am/is/are 2、行為動詞：行為動詞： A：動詞原形動詞原形 B：動詞動詞+-s (主語為單三主語為單三)一般現(xiàn)在時的用法：一般現(xiàn)在時的用法： 1.經(jīng)常發(fā)生經(jīng)常發(fā)生,反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài)。反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài)。2.客觀事實或普遍真理?？陀^事實或普遍真理。3.If ; as soon as;not until 等引導(dǎo)的狀等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。語從句。4.當(dāng)主句是祈使句或含有情態(tài)動詞時當(dāng)主句是祈使句或含有情態(tài)動詞時 的從句。的從句。常與下列時間狀語連用：常與下列時間狀語連用：often, u

2、sually , always, sometimes everyday / week / Sunday實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練1.Jim usually _(have) lunch at home, but sometimes he _ (have) it at school.2.Ill tell him the news as soon as he _(come) back.3. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, well go to the zoo.4. Dont get off the bus until it_ (stop).5. You may go out to p

3、lay when you _(finish) your homework.hashascomesdoesnt rainstopsfinish6. The teacher told us that the earth _(travel) round the sun.7. -Do you know if we _(go) to the cinema tomorrow? -I think well go if we _ (not have) too much homework.8. She watches TV twice a week. _ _ does she watch TV? travels

4、 will go dont have How often 9. Jim has lunch at home everyday. (否定句否定句) Jim _ _ lunch at home everyday.10. He does his homework every day. (一般疑問句一般疑問句)_he _ his homework every day?11. He has few friends, _ _ ? (反意疑問句反意疑問句) doesnt haveDoes do does he二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的謂語構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的謂語構(gòu)成： am/is/are +動詞

5、動詞ing 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法：表示說表示說 話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā) 生的動作，生的動作，常與時間狀語常與時間狀語now, this week, these days 等連用。另外，我們還要注意等連用。另外，我們還要注意句中的隱含條件（如：句中的隱含條件（如：look, listen, Its nine oclock等）。如：等）。如：Look !The students are doing their homework.Listen ! Someone is singing in the next room.Dont go out ! Its rai

6、ning hard outside.有些動詞如有些動詞如come, go, leave, begin, 等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示預(yù)定的或即將發(fā)生的動作預(yù)定的或即將發(fā)生的動作,句中句中常有表示將來的狀語常有表示將來的狀語:Im leaving on Sunday morning.Jim is coming here this evening.實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練1.Look! Some children _ (play) football on the playground.2.Listen ! Someone _ (play) the piano in the room.3.T

7、he students of Class Two _ (work) on the farm now.4.Be quiet ! Your father_ (sleep).5.Dont go out ! It _ (rain ) hard outside.are playingis playingare workingis sleepingis raining三、一般過去時三、一般過去時一般過去時的構(gòu)成：一般過去時的構(gòu)成： 動詞的過去式動詞的過去式一般過去時的用法：一般過去時的用法： 表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài).用于一般過去時的時間狀語有用于一般過去時的時間狀語有:yeste

8、rday, yesterday / morning/afternoon/evening, last night / week / month / Sunday / just now , half an hour ago等。等。Since從句后用一般過去時從句后用一般過去時1.It has been three years since I _(come)here.have a meeting, yesterdayWe had a meeting yesterday.give a concert, last monthJay gave a concert last month. join WTO

9、, in 2001China joined WTO in 2001.get married , in 1999They got married in 1999. visit Canada,last ThursdayHe visited Canada last Thursday.實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練1. _ you _a good time last Sunday?2. The headmaster _ (not say) anything at the meeting yesterday.3. Have you ever been there? Yes, I _ (go) there last s

10、pring.4.Lily_ (fall) off her bike and _ (hurt) herself last Monday afternoon. Did have didnt saywentfell hurt5. Its a long time since we _ last. A. meet B. met C. will met D. have met6. -Have you ever been to the Great Wall ? - Yes, I _ there last spring. A. go B. have gone C. will go D. wentBD5. Mr

11、. Li invited her to the party.（改為一般疑問句（改為一般疑問句） _Mr. Li _her to the party?6 They asked the teacher a question. （改為否定句）（改為否定句） They_ _the teacher a question.Didinvitedidnt ask8. Tom watched TV for two hours. (對畫線部分提問）對畫線部分提問） _ _ _Tom _TV?9. She helped me do some cleaning. (對畫線部分提問）對畫線部分提問） _ _She _

12、you_ ?How long did watchWhat did helpdo四、一般將來時四、一般將來時1、一般將來時的構(gòu)成：、一般將來時的構(gòu)成： 1）will + 動詞原形動詞原形 2）am(is,are) going to +動詞原形動詞原形2、一般將來時的用法：、一般將來時的用法：一般將來時表示將要一般將來時表示將要 發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來的時發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來的時 間狀語連用。如間狀語連用。如: tomorrow, today, tonight , next spring/ week/ month/ yearWhat will you do next we

13、ek?Well only stay for two weeks.實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練1. There_ (be) an English film on TV tonight.2. _we_( go) to the park next Sunday?3. He _ (not go) home until he finishes his homework.4.What _ you _(do) next Sunday?5. I _ ( be) free tomorrow morning. will beShall gowont gowill doWill be6.There is going to _

14、a meeting next week. A. be B. have C. is D. has7.-I dont know if it _ tomorrow. -If it _, well stay at home. A. will rain ; rains B. rains ; rains C. will rain ; will rain D. rains ; will rain AA 五、過去進(jìn)行時五、過去進(jìn)行時1、過去進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成：、過去進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成： was/were + 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞2、過去進(jìn)行時的用法：、過去進(jìn)行時的用法： 過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一 時刻正在

15、進(jìn)行的動作，時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作，常用的時間狀語有：常用的時間狀語有：1)at this time last night, at 9:00 yesterday2)when I saw him; while I was watching TV3)from seven to nine4)yesterday, last year, yesterday morning What were you doing this time yesterday? He was drawing an elephant on the blackboard when the teacher came in.實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練

16、1. We_( watch) TV when he came to see us.2. I _ ( draw) a picture at this time yesterday morning.3. What _ you _ (do) when the teacher came in ?4. While we _ (talk), the teacher came in. were watchingwas drawingwere doingwere talking助動詞助動詞have (has) + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞 注：注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用用

17、 于其他所有人稱。于其他所有人稱。 （1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞時間副詞just ，already, before, yet, never, ever等狀語連用。等狀語連用。 （2）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會持續(xù)下去的動作也許還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^去某一時刻或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一

18、段時間的狀語連用。時間的狀語連用。 如如:for 時間段和時間段和since時間點或時間壯語從句，以及時間點或時間壯語從句，以及 so far 等。等。 She has learnt English for 3 years.They have lived here since 1990.注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞，注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞，如如come, die , join, , buy, leave, open, start, borrow等的完成時不等的完成時不能與能與for, since等表示一段時間的短等表示一段時間的短語連用。語連用。 have / has been (to) 表

19、示表示“曾曾經(jīng)去過經(jīng)去過”某地某地,說話時此人很可能說話時此人很可能不在那里不在那里,已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。 have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人 “已經(jīng)去了已經(jīng)去了”某地，說話時此人某地，說話時此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。在這里。 將暫短性動詞改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞或短語和將暫短性動詞改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞或短語和一段時間連用，其常用的方法有：一段時間連用，其常用的方法有：a.用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞替換的主要有：用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞替換的主要有： buy have/has had borrow have/has kep

20、t join have/has been a member of/ have/has been in短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞leave have/has been away (from) die have/has been deadbegin have/has been on come here have/has been in/ hereB. 把誤句中表示一段時間的狀語改為把誤句中表示一段時間的狀語改為 表示過去時間的狀語，原動詞的完表示過去時間的狀語，原動詞的完成時改為過去時成時改為過去時 He came here three months ago.C.用用 “It i

21、s/ has been +一段時間一段時間 +since (一般過去時一般過去時)”結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。 It is/ has been three months since he came here.D. 用用“多長時間多長時間+has passed + since(一般過去時一般過去時)”結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： Three months has passed since he came here.(4)暫短性動詞的肯定式的完成時不能暫短性動詞的肯定式的完成時不能 和和how long連用。如：連用。如： 誤：誤：How long have you borrow the book? 正：正：How long

22、have you kept the book? 正：正：When did you borrow the book?典型題例典型題例1. _ you ever_ (eat) Beijing duck?2. I wont go to the cinema this Sunday because I _(see) it already.3. Wheres Jim? He _ (go) to England.4. My father _ ( be) to Beijing many times.5. Mr. Green _(work) here since 1989.6. We _(know) each

23、 other for a year.Have eatenhave seenhas gonehas beenhas workedhave known7. Its a long time since we _ (meet) last.8. We have been here for four years. (同義句同義句) We _ here four years _.9. Its five years since my grandfather died. (同義句同義句) My father has _ _ for five years.10. My brother has been a sol

24、dier for two years.(同義句同義句) My father _ _ _ two years ago.met came agobeen deadjoined the army1、概念：表示過去的過去。、概念：表示過去的過去。2、過去完成時的用法：、過去完成時的用法：（1）過去完成時表示過去某一時刻）過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或者某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)；或者某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)；句中常用句中常用by, before, until, when等詞等詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。By the end of last year we had built five new

25、 houses.I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.2）過去完成時的動詞還可以表示）過去完成時的動詞還可以表示 過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作 或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間 或者持續(xù)下去?；蛘叱掷m(xù)下去。 Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練1.When I got there, the bus_ already _(go).2. The film _(be) on for five minutes when

26、 I got to the cinema.3. We _ (learn) about 1,000 new English words by the end of last term.4. By the time we got there , the train _ (leave).had gonehad beenhad learnthad left過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間看過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。它是將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。它是一個相對的時態(tài)，即立足于過去某時，一個相對的時態(tài)，即立足于過去某時，從過去的某一時間看即將發(fā)生的事情從過去的某一時間看即將

27、發(fā)生的事情就要用這一時態(tài)。就要用這一時態(tài)。 would should 動詞原形（其中動詞原形（其中 would 用于各用于各 種人稱，種人稱， should 常用于第一人常用于第一人 稱）。稱）。例如：例如： They were sure they would win the final victory 他們堅信會贏得最后勝利。他們堅信會贏得最后勝利。 He said it was going to rain 他說天要下雨了。他說天要下雨了。 I didnt know when they were coming again 我不知道他們什么時候再來。我不知道他們什么時候再來。 1.Miss C

28、hen _ us English last term. A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught 典型例題解析典型例題解析B2. Excuse me. Look at the sign NO PHOTOS! Sorry, I _it. A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D. wont see B3.My mother _the windows already, so the room looks much brighter. A. has cleaned B. had cleaned C. i

29、s cleaning D. will cleanA 4.He_this pen for five years. He _it in 1997. A. has bought, bought. B. bought, bought C. has kept, has bought D. has had, boughtDD 5.-Peter, could you come and help me in the kitchen, please? -Sorry, mum, I _ Lily with her English. A. help B. helped C. have helped D. am he

30、lping 6.When will you tell him the good news? I will tell him about it as soon as he _back. A. comes B. came C. will come D. is coming A7.I don t know if my friend _.If he _,Ill let you know. A. comes, comes B. comes, will come C. will come, comes D. will come, will come8.John said he_ supper. He wa

31、s quite full. A. had had B. was haring C. had D. has eaten CA9.There_two meetings tomorrow afternoon. A. are going to be B. are going to have C. is going to be D. will have10.It_3 years since I _ to No.1 Middle School. A. is, come B. is, have come C. was, came D. is, cameAD.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

32、。1.My brother isnt at home now. He _(go) to Beijing. He _ (be) there many times. He _ (not be) back until next week.2.When I got home, my mother _ (go) out for a walk.has gonehas beenwont behad gone3.He_(finish)his composition just now.4.By the end of last month, we _ (learn) ten English songs.5. _s

33、he _(do) morning exercises every day? finished had learnt Does do 6.Our country _ (change) a lot since 1982.9.Listen!Someone_ (sing)in the next room.10.Our teacher told us the earth _(go) around the sun. has changedis singing goes 改錯專訓(xùn)改錯專訓(xùn)1.Kates uncle has gone to Beijing twice.2. Well go to the zoo

34、 if it wont rain tomorrow.3. The meeting has begun for half an hour.has gone-has beenwont - doesntbegun - been on4.Lucy with his sister are flying kites now.5.There is going to have a meeting tonight.6.The dog died five years before.7.How long have you bought the pen?are-ishave a meeting-be a meetin

35、gbefore-agobought -had8. We have been here since four years.9. My brother has joined the Army for three years.10.The teacher said that light travelled faster than sound.11.You have to stay here, havent you?since -forjoined -been intravelled -travelshavent -dont12. The boy said that he will go to the

36、 zoo this Sunday.13.We have learnt 1,000 words by the end of last term.14.Its three years since we come here.will go -would gohave learnt -had learnt come -came 15. Could you tell me how long you have bought the computer?16. She will go shopping next Sunday if she wont be busy.17.Youve never eaten f

37、ish, do you ?have bought -have hadwont be -isntdo you -have you被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)(Passive Voice)Sentence structure: be + done(pp.) 1.(一般現(xiàn)在時被動式一般現(xiàn)在時被動式) am/is/are +done 2.(一般過去時被動式一般過去時被動式) was /were + done 3.(現(xiàn)在完成時被動式現(xiàn)在完成時被動式) have/has +been +done 4.(一般將來時被動式一般將來時被動式) shall/will+be +done 5.(情態(tài)動詞被動式情態(tài)動詞被動式) can/may/must/should+ be+done 6.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被動式現(xiàn)