中考英語詞性復(fù)習(xí)參考word

1、詞性一名詞名詞專有名詞普通名詞個體名詞可數(shù)名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞不可數(shù)名詞抽象名詞(一)名詞-noun縮寫為 n.名詞可以分為專有名詞（Proper Nouns）和普通名詞 (Common Nouns），專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing，China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞，如：book， milk等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類：1）個體名詞（Individual Nouns）：表示某類人或東西中的個體，如：boy , cat 。2）集體名詞（Collective Nouns）：表示若干個個體組成的集合體，如：family ,class。3）物

2、質(zhì)名詞（Material Nouns）：表示無法分為個體的實物，如：milk ,air。4）抽象名詞（Abstract Nouns）：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：work , help。 (三)名詞的數(shù)的變化可數(shù)名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式，分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則變化，1 規(guī)則變化 :直接加-s如：book, pen teacherstudent. Etc加-es 以x, s, (t)ch, sh結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞，如：box，glass, watch, match, dish , wish.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，去y變i加-es如：story, country, city, factory dictio

3、nary family baby.注意：以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的則直接加s.:如：key, monkey, boy, toy, way, play(戲劇)以f 或fe結(jié)尾，變f為v加-es如：knife, leaf, shelf, thief, wife , half.2）單復(fù)同形 如：deer(鹿), sheep(綿羊), Chinese, Japaneseli(厘)，jin(斤)，yuan(元)，two li，three mu(畝)，four jin但除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: a dollar, two dollars. 總之，中國的單位沒有復(fù)數(shù)而國外的有。3

4、）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實為復(fù)數(shù)。如：people(人) police(警察) cattle(牲口) 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說a person，a policeman，a head of(一頭)cattle。二代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱主格IweyouShe he itthey賓格Me,usyouHer him it them形容詞性物主代詞My, ouryourHer his its their名詞性物主代詞Mine, oursyoursHers his its theirs1 / 6一 代詞的分類1 人稱代詞的主格和賓格

5、 : 主格：在句中充當(dāng)主語。賓格：在動詞或介詞后面充當(dāng)賓語。2 物主代詞。包括形容詞性和名詞性的物主代詞。形容詞性的物主代詞后面必須有名詞，名詞性物主代詞后面不可有名詞， 但要注意單復(fù)數(shù)。例：You have more apples than I, buy mine are better than yours. (此處的mine指my apples,是復(fù)數(shù))。反身代詞，myself, themselves等。1 特別注意yourself有復(fù)數(shù)形式是yourselves例： “Enjoy_(you) ,” He said to the children. 此處用yourselves.反身代詞用于

6、一些固定的短語。如：hurt oneself, enjoy oneself, help oneself to, teach oneself,look at oneself in the mirror, say to oneself.2 不定代詞，all, each, every, both, either, neither，none, one, little, few, many, much，other, another, some, any, no。由some, any, no, every 等構(gòu)成的合成代詞3 指示代詞.表示空間和時間遠近關(guān)系的代詞包括:this/that(單數(shù)),thes

7、e/those (復(fù)數(shù))this,these指在方位上較近的人或物，that,those指在方位上較遠的人或物例：This is my shirt, thats yours.These TVs are made in China, those are made in Japan.that,those常指前面提過的東西,以免重復(fù)例：These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.剛才提到的事情，在英文中用that例：He was ill yesterday. Im sorry to hear that.6疑問代詞。用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞常見有：wh

8、owhomwhosewhat which ，通常做主語賓語定語表語例：What makes you think like that ?做主語Who(Whom) were you talking with?做賓語Which bus do I need?做定語Whats your father?做表語注意：在口語中，Who和Whom通用，但在介詞后只能用Whom例：With whom did he play games?(正)With who did he play games?(錯)二人稱代詞使用時的注意事項：1.分清its和its :its 它的例如: The clock has its fa

9、ce.its=it is例如：Its a toy clock。2.名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，名詞是單數(shù)，名詞性物主代詞為單數(shù)，反之為復(fù)數(shù)。例如： His brother is a soldier. Mine is a driver and hers is an engineer.I left my clothes on the chair. Where _his?a friend of his/mine/yours= one of hisfriends3.A friend of his /mine=one of his /my friends4.冠詞不能和形容詞性物主代詞一起連用

10、例如：a my cat(wrong)5. This/that +single noun; these/those + plural noun.6. In the dialogue, it can be used to refer to (this/that), they refer to (these /those)7. That可用來代替前面提到過的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，those代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞例如：The weather today is finer than that yesterday.The radios made in Beijing are as good as those mad

11、e in Shanghai.三形容詞一形容詞的位置1形容詞在句中be 后常作表語2在名詞前叫定語，一般形容詞用“的”。二名詞化的形容詞The + (adj):表一類人或物。形容詞作主語時，謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)The rich, the poor, the old, the young等三形容詞的變化1形容詞有時是名詞加y變的sun-sunny, ,wind-windy, snow-snowy, rain-rainy, cloud-cloudy, health-healthy,luck-lucky, noise-noisy;2有時又是名詞加ful變成形容詞use-useful, care-carefu

12、l, wonder-wonderful, beauty-beautiful,forgetful, help-helpful ,hope- hopeful3有時動詞的過去時，過去分詞和形容詞一樣worry-worried, frighten-frightened, frustrate-frustrated,fry-fried五形容詞比較等級的用法、比較級than、the +比較級+ of +the +two 兩個當(dāng)中比較的一位、the +最高級+ of (in) +三者或以上、as+形容詞原級+as、not so (as)+原級+as、the 比較級，the 比較級：越.就越、比較級+ and

13、+ 比較級：越來越.、one of the最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)四副詞一 副詞（在句中有時用在動詞后面或前面）1. 它的規(guī)則變化是形容詞后加lyhelpful-helpfully, careful-carefully, quick-quickly, quiet-quietly, happy-happlily, noisy-noisily, lucky-luckily,heavy-heavily, wide-widely,easy-easily2. 只有三個去e加ly的terrible-terribly, true-truly,possible-possibly3. 形容詞和副詞一樣的late-lat

14、e,early-early, long-long, much-much, fast-fast, far, a little, much, deep-deep.例： 1)He is late. He comes very late.2)Our school is quite far. They jumped too far.三形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級(1).比較級加er, 最高級加est,如：fast-faster-fastest,short-shorter-shorest,long-longer-longest(2).以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾時變y為i加er,est,如：heavy-heavie

15、r-heaviest,empty-emptier-emptiest, early-earlier-earliest,hungry-hungrier-hungiest, easy-easier-easiest,tidy-tidier-tidiest.(3).以e結(jié)尾的加r, st,nice-nicer-nicest,wide-wider-widest, fine-finer-finest,late-latest(4).雙寫的有：big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest,fat-fatter-fattest,wet-wetter-wettest, hot-

16、hotter-hotter, red-redder-reddest,(5).部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的單詞比較級加more,最高級加most。careful-more careful-most careful, friendly-more friendly-most friendly, , favourite-more favourite-most favourite, interesting, difficult, dangerous, popular, different, useful, forgetful, wonderful, beautiful注意：所有由形容詞加ly變來的副詞比較級加m

17、ore, 最高級加most.slowly-more slowly-most slowly, loudly-more loudly-most loudly, heavily, quickly, quietly, carefully(6).不規(guī)則變化:good (well)-better- best many (much)-more-mostill-worse-worstlittle-less-leastfar-farther-farthestbad (badly)-worse-worstfew few-fewer-fewest注意：1)比較級前只用a little, much, even 修飾。2)形容詞最高級必須加the,副詞加不加都行。例：They are the farthest of us.(形容詞)They jumped (the) farthest of us. (副詞)五、動詞(一)動詞包括連系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、實意動詞。其中，常見的系動詞包括Be, look, smell