英語主從復(fù)合句大全

1、主從復(fù)合句主句是主體，從句只是句子的一個成分，換言之，將句子除謂語外的各個成分?jǐn)U展開來就成了從句 關(guān)聯(lián)詞分五類： 疑問代詞： who whom/whose，which, what,關(guān)系代詞： who whom/whose， which, that, 疑問畐【J詞： when, where, why, how 關(guān)系畐【J詞： when, where, why附屬連詞：that 無詞義，whether, if, although, after because, before, whe n, since，as soon as, as long as只有附屬連詞沒有句子功用，即不擔(dān)任句子成分。從句分為

2、五類：主語從句 賓語從句前三項(xiàng)都是名詞性從句，句中作用如同名詞表語從句般都不用逗號，所用關(guān)聯(lián)詞相同：1,連詞that/whether/if2,疑問代詞 who/what/which 3, 疑問副詞 when /where /how /why 引導(dǎo)間接疑問句 定語從句狀語從句記住一個句子學(xué)會一種句法現(xiàn)象一. 主語從句 subject clause 和whoever等引導(dǎo)的主從。，也可分為三種：that引導(dǎo)的主從/由連接代副詞引導(dǎo)的主從/ what1由that引導(dǎo)的主從，用得最多。(that后面是主語)“ That she became an artist may have bee n due t

3、o her father s in flue nee.她成為畫家可能是受其父親的影響。上面句子看著別扭陌生，換成it引導(dǎo)的句子就熟悉了，因?yàn)橐话愠龔?qiáng)調(diào)外都后置而由it代替，有五種形式：(1) It + be + adj + that 、It is n atural that they should have differe nt views.(2) It + be + nojn + that 、It s a wonder that you are still alive.(3) It + ve|rb (+| object(賓語)or adverbial( 副詞)+ that 、It seems

4、 that you re right.It struck me that we ought to make a new pla n.我突然想起我們應(yīng)該制訂一個新方案。It n ever occurred to me that perhaps she was lyi ng.我從未想至 U或許她是在說謊(4) It + be verb-ed + that 、It was rumored (It is said ) that you was suffering from a stone in the kidney.謠傳說/據(jù)說你得了腎結(jié)石。(5) It + verb be + that 、No, n

5、o, it couldn t be that they were interested in him.不，不，他們不可能對他有興趣。口語中that可以省略：It was clear( that ) his words pleased her.顯然他的話使她快樂。2由連接代/副詞引導(dǎo)的主從When he ll be backdepends much on the weather.Who is to be sent there ha snt been decided.It s clear eno ugh what he meant.兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都能用，但是it結(jié)構(gòu)更多，有四種形式。it + be +

6、adj +clauseIt was not clear to me why he behaved like tha t.我不太清楚他為什么會這樣做。it + be + no Un + clauseIt s a puzzle how life began.生命如何開始是一個謎it + veb (+ object or adverbial) + clauseIt doesn t matter much where I live.我住在哪里都沒多大關(guān)系。it + be verb-ed + clauseIt is not yet settledwhether I am going to America

7、 n.3 由 what / whatever / whoever 引導(dǎo)的主從What will be , will be.該發(fā)生的事總會發(fā)生。 紅色為從句What is overis over.過去的事就過去了。Whatever my dad did was right.俺爹做的都是對的。Whatever she says goes. 一切她說了算。Whoever comeswill be welcomed. 誰來都?xì)g送 Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪個，哪個就歸你。二. 賓語從句 object clause.1由that引導(dǎo)到賓從，有時that可省略I su

8、spected that it was a trick to get our mon ey.我疑心這是一個騙我們錢的圈套Who can guarantee that he ll keep his word?誰能保證他會遵守諾言？You can depend upon it , I shall be there.先行賓語(現(xiàn)行賓語中間要有逗號)你放心，我會去那里的。I take it they have left for home.我猜測他們已經(jīng)回家了。2由連接代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)賓從Write me how you got home .寫信告訴我你怎能到家的Only you can decide w

9、ho the best choice is .只有你能決定誰是最正確人選。I won der what you call this stuff.我想知道，你管這玩藝叫什么。3由whether/if 引導(dǎo)的賓從I m wondering whether you would care to spend the evening with me. 不知道你是否愿意跟我們共度今宵。I asked her if I might call a nd see her.我問她是否可以去看她。4由關(guān)系代詞what引導(dǎo)的賓從Show mewhat you ve bought. 把你買的東西給我看看。I could

10、not express what I felt .我無法表達(dá)內(nèi)心的感受As a frie nd of yours, I want to tell youwhat I hear.作為你的朋友，我想把聽到的事告訴你。5作介詞的賓從，其他從句這樣用較少：Don t oke your nose into 探聽 what doesn t concern you.另S多管閑事。？6 whatever/whichever/whomever這類詞也可弓 I導(dǎo)賓從：1 II just say whatever comes into my head .想到什么就說什么。Buy whichever is cheap

11、est. 買最廉價的。Give it to whomever you like.你愿意給誰就給誰。三. 表語從句 predicative clause ，有二類1由that引導(dǎo)的表語從句The fact is ( that) she n ever liked him.事實(shí)是她從未喜歡過他。His only fault is that he lacks ambiti on他唯一的缺點(diǎn)是缺乏雄心大志。2由連接代/副詞引導(dǎo)的、由關(guān)系代詞型的 what引導(dǎo)的That s not what I meant.這不是我的意思。The questi on iswho s respon sible for wh

12、at has happe ned.問題是發(fā)生了這事該誰負(fù)責(zé)。Times aren t what they were.時代不同了。That s what I am here for.這就是我來這里的目的。(四.定語從句attributive clause 沒看！ ！1定從的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有二:關(guān)系代詞(在從句中作主/賓/定)who (whom/whose , which, that和關(guān)系副詞 (在從句中作狀語) when, where, why 等。例如： Girl who works in restaura nt is called waitress.This is Joh nson, whose w

13、ife work at a departme nt store.2 Which和that的區(qū)別:關(guān)系代詞which指物，做主語和賓語。限制性定從中作賓語時可省略。關(guān)系代詞that,指物也指人，做主語和賓語，指物時與 which相同。There are the things that(which) you need.這些就是你要的東西。A dictio nary is a book, which gives the meaning of words.詞典是解釋詞義的書。Who is the pers on that is work ing at a computer over there.在計算

14、機(jī)上干活的那個人是誰？3在以下情形下，只能用that:(1 )先行詞是 all / everything / nothing / something(有時例外用 which) / anything / little等不定代詞時。Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town?有什么事我可以在城里代你辦嗎？That s all (that) I know.我知道的就是這些。(2) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞所修飾時。The first thi ng (that) I should do is to work out a pla n.我該做的第一件事是訂個方

15、案。(3) 先行詞為形容詞最高級所修飾時。This is one of the most excit ing football games (that) I have ever see n.這是我看過的足球賽中最劇烈的一場。4限制性定從和非限制性定從：意義上可缺否，形式上有無逗號。(1) that引導(dǎo)的定從大多是限制性的。注意：非限制性定從不能使用that和關(guān)系副詞why,也不能省略任何關(guān)系副詞，這類從句主要出現(xiàn)在書 面語中。如：This is the best film that I have ever see n.Last ni ght I saw a very good film, wh

16、ich was about the An ti-Japa nese War.“昨晚我看了一咅 E很棒的電影，是關(guān)于抗日戰(zhàn)爭的只是補(bǔ)充說明，翻譯時多譯成并列句：Sun day is a holiday, whe n people do not go to work.禮拜天是假日，這一天人們不上班。(2) 非限制性定從中which/whom?？梢愿鷒f或其他介詞連用。Mr. Smith, for whom I was worki ng, was very gen erous about overtime payme nts.史密斯先生是我的老板，她付超時工資很大方。The buses, most

17、of which were already full, were surroun ded by an angry crowd.公共汽車大多都已滿載，周圍是一大群憤怒的人。My kids, both of whom study abroad, ri ng me up, say ing Hi, every week.我的倆孩子都在國外讀書，每周給我打來 問安。(3) 在限制性定從中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時，大多可省略，特別是在被修飾的詞為all / everything 等詞時。如：That s the only thing we can do now.這是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事。All you

18、 have to do is to fill out this form.你只需要填這張表就行了。關(guān)系副詞when時間狀語，where地點(diǎn)狀語，why原因狀語。Do you remember the time when he fell off his bicycle?你記得他從自行車上摔下來的時間嗎？The book is on the table where you left it.那書在你拉在那兒的桌子上。I don t know the reason why he was so rude.我不知道他為什么這么無禮。(4) 注意，有些時間定從并不由whe n引導(dǎo)，特別在某些句型中。Ever

19、y time the teleph one rin gs, he gets n ervous. 鈴一響他就緊張。Come any time you like.你隨便什么時候來都行。She made me feel at home the moment I arrived.我一到達(dá)她就使我感到無拘無束。(5) 在way后面的定從，不跟關(guān)系代詞或副詞。That s the way I look at it.這就是我對這事的看法。I did no t like the way he eyed me.我不喜歡他瞪著我瞧的樣子。(6) .關(guān)系代詞which的先行詞，有時是整個主句或局部意思，這時whic

20、h的意思相當(dāng)于and this 。They rely on themselves, which is much better.他們依靠自己，這樣好得多。He drank beer, which made him fat. 他喝啤酒，這使他發(fā)胖。(7) Which有時在定從中作定語I called him by the wrong n ame, for which mistake I should apologize.我把他的名字叫錯了，對此錯誤我應(yīng)抱歉。(8) 定語從句被分詞短語代替由who或that (which)作主語的限制性定從，有時可以被分詞短語代替，更為簡練。There are ma

21、ny stude nts who are study ing En glish in this school. - There are many stude ntsstudy ing En glish in this school.(9) 一些其他定語從句as主要和such連用,也可用作關(guān)代引導(dǎo)定從：Such money as he earned was spent on spirits烈性酒 and tobacco. 他掙的那點(diǎn)錢都花在煙酒上了。There was a look of fear in his eyes, such as people have whe n they are s

22、udde nly awake ned.他眼中透出一種人們突然被叫醒時露出的驚恐情緒。a可以單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定從He was a foreig ner, as I knew from his acce nt.我可以從他的口音中聽出他是個外國人。You are a teacher, as is clear from your manner.你是位教師，這從你的舉止上可以看得很清楚。As was expected, he performed the task with success.正像預(yù)料的，他成功地完成了任務(wù)。(10) . But也可用作關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)定從，意思接近于that (who)not。這種用

23、法已顯陳舊。There is no tree but bears some fruit.沒有不結(jié)果的樹There are very few but admire his tale nts.很少有人不佩服他的才華。Surely there isn t a teacher but faces this problem.可以肯定，但凡老師都面臨著這個問(11) . Whereby, wherein, whereupon 也可以引導(dǎo)定從They ve set a plan whereby (二by which) you can spread cost over a period.他們定出了一個方法，照

24、此你可以分期付款。He gazed once more around the room, wherein (=i n which) were assembled his en tire family. 他再次注目于屋內(nèi)各處，那里聚集了他全家。I told her she looked fat, whereup on (二up on which) she threw the en tire contents of a saucepa n at me and burst into tears.我告她她看上去胖了，聽了這話她把平底鍋里的東西都向我潑來，然后便放聲大哭。五.狀語從句 adverbial

25、 clause狀從句修飾動詞，形容詞和副詞等,由附屬連詞引導(dǎo)。其位于句首時，常用逗號；而放在句末一般不用。 八種狀從：時間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，結(jié)果，方式，讓步，條件。1 時間狀語從句 Adverbial Clauses of Time :when / as 當(dāng)，一邊一邊 / while 在、期間 / after / before / as soon as / since / till(until)/ whenever 等等All things are difficult before they are easy.凡事總是先難后易。On and on he went, till/until he

26、 reached the outskirts of the wood.他走啊走啊，直至 U走至 U樹林邊。Once you ve fini shed, go to bed.你一干完就去睡覺。Come and talk to me whenever you feel lo nely.感到寂寞時就來和我說說話。注意 when / as / while的區(qū)別：when從句動作可以和主句動作同時發(fā)生，也可以先于主句動作。As和while都是同時。It was raining whe n we arrived.同時發(fā)生Whe n I pressed the butt on the radio stopp

27、ed.從句動作先于主句動作。She sang as she worked. 同時，邊、邊、While you were away, two pers ons came to see you.同時。你不在時有兩個人找你。注意2:有些時狀從句不用連詞引導(dǎo)He came directly I called.我一叫他就來了。He had no sooner reached the doorthan he came back. 他剛至U門 口又走了回來。2 地點(diǎn)狀從of Place : where / wherever / any where例如：We ll go wherever you say.你說

28、到哪，就到哪。You can go any where you want.你想去哪就去哪。He was always ready to give helpwhere help was n eeded.where還可表示處境等，譯法靈活。It s your fault that she iswhere she is.她今天這樣是你的錯。Where others are weak, he is strong.別人的弱點(diǎn)正是他的優(yōu)勢。Where bees are, thereis hon ey.有蜂就有蜜。3 原因狀從of Reas on : because / for / since 既然 / n

29、ow that 既然 / as 由于例如：Maize is also called Indian corn because it was first grown by the American Indians.因?yàn)橛衩资敲乐抻〉诎踩耸紫确N植的，所以又叫印第安玉米。(答復(fù)why,語氣最強(qiáng)，是全句的重心所在)As you make your bed, so you must lie on it.你是自作自受。-表示較明顯原因，常放在主句前面Si nee I m here today , I saw everythi ng. 今天我既然在這，我一切都看見了。(跟as相似，表示稍加分析后的原因，且多少

30、是對方熟悉而不待言的原因)The days are short, for it is now December. 白天短了，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是十二月了。跟because相似，但for只能表示上文未表示的新情況，只能放在句末Now that you have the chanee，you had better avail yourself of it.既然你有了時機(jī)，你最好利用起來。Please don t try to back out now that everything has been arranged. 現(xiàn)在一切都安排好了，請不要打退堂鼓。Now you re here , you ma

31、y make yourself useful.你已經(jīng)來了，不妨幫幫助。Considering (專門存在這個詞不是派生)he s only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.考慮到他才剛剛開始，他對此已經(jīng)懂得相當(dāng)多了。4 目的狀從 Adverbial Clauses of Purpose :that 以便 / so that 以便 / in order that 以便 /“We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty . 我們作了這樣的安排，以便 我們總有一人值班。

32、(so that / in order that從句中都常用 may/might，但so that 引導(dǎo)的從句也可用 can/could)I spoke slowly and in simple Englishin order that the students might understand what I said.I ll show you so you can see how it s done.我將做給你看，以便你知道怎樣做。They spoke in whispers lest they should be heard.他們低聲說話，以防被人聽見。Shut the window f

33、or fear that it may rain. 關(guān)好窗子以防下雨。5 結(jié)果狀從 Adverbial Clause of Result :sothat (so that)女口此、以至于 / such that / that / otherwise / or else (else)So many people came to the con cert that some could n t get in.那么多人來聽音樂會，以致有些人沒法進(jìn)來。She s so ill (that) she can t get out of bed.她病得很重，都下不了床了。En glish is such a

34、 difficult Ian guage that you have to apply yourself.The situati on issuch that agreeme nt is un likely.局勢是這樣，達(dá)成協(xié)議的可能性不大。There was such a draught (dra:ft ) , it is no wonder he caught a cold.過堂風(fēng)這樣厲害，難怪她感冒了。I m so busy; I h ave no time to write a letter.我忙極了，沒時間寫信。She had in tellect; otherwise I woul

35、d have scorned her.他很聰明，否那么我早就瞧不起他了。Run or else you ll be late.快跑，否那么就遲到了。Drink this, else you ll be sick.把這個喝掉，否那么你會生病。6方式或比擬狀從of Manner -of Comparison :as 正女口 / like / as if (as though) 好似，宛女口 / than 比 / as as / not as(so)as / the morethe moreUnit ten is not so difficultas Unit Ni ne.Do it like I

36、do .照我那樣做。When at Rome, do as the Roma ns do. 入境隨俗。She looked a bit queer, as if she knew someth ing.她看起來有點(diǎn)怪，好似她知道什么似的。不用連詞引導(dǎo)Now they don t do it the way we did it .他們現(xiàn)在的做法和我們以前不一樣。你的表現(xiàn)和你姐姐過去的表現(xiàn)一樣You re behaving the_same_way_ your elder sister used to.Arrange the hours however you like.你的時間怎么安排都行。He

37、 earns less than his wife (does).他掙的錢比他妻子少。You know much more tha n I did at your age.你知道的東西比我在你這個歲數(shù)時知道的要多得多。He is as tall as his father.I haven t done as much as I should have liked.我做得沒有我希望的那么好。7讓步狀從 of Concession :雖然 though(although) / while / whereas / even if (even though)即使 / no matter 不管Altho

38、ugh/though he had very little mon ey;he always man aged to dress smartly.雖說他沒有幾個錢，卻總是穿得很時髦。I wouldn t do it,even if / even though you paid me a thousand pounds.我也不敢這事。即使你付我一千英鎊,Some praised me, whereas (而)others condemned me . 有人贊揚(yáng)我，而另一些人去卩譴責(zé)我。Late as it was , he con ti nued the work.盡管時間不早了，他仍在工作。(

39、as從句的表語常放在句首形成倒裝)Come what may, he would n ever let her dow n.不管發(fā)生什么情況，他絕不會做對不起她的事。She says she ll follow him no matter who tries to stop her.走。Wherever you are , I ll be thinking of you.matter who = whoevermatter what = whatevermatter which = whichevermatter how = howevermatter whe n = whe nevermat

40、ter where = wherever她說不管誰來阻攔，她都要跟他不管在哪里，我都會想著你。nononononono8 條件狀從 Adverbial Clauses of Conditionif / uni ess / suppose (suppos ing)If I were you,We have a meet ing every Friday,假設(shè) / providi ng (provided) 假假設(shè) / as(so) long as 只要I d learn English at once.uni ess there is no ti ng to discuss.how would

41、you spe nd it?what will you do?假設(shè)你錯了，你怎么辦？.如果你先把作業(yè)做了，那就可以先出去玩。 如果她及時到達(dá)，她可以和我們一道Suppose you had a millio n poun ds,Suppos ing (that) you are wrong,You may go out providing you do your homework firstShe may come with us provided (that) she arrives in time.去。You can go out,來，可以出去。as long asyou promise

42、to be back before 11 oclock.只要你容許11點(diǎn)前回In case the house bur ns dow n,we ll get the in sura nee mon ey.險金。You may borrow the book, on con diti on that書，條件是別把它借給別人。如果房子燒毀了，我們會領(lǐng)到保you don t lend it to anyone else.你可以借這本Gran ted that he s not brillia nt , he is at least compete nt and work hard.他至少稱職而且賣力

43、干活。就算他不夠出色,If引導(dǎo)的條件狀從，有時可把if省略而倒裝從句Were it not for your assista nee, we would be in serious difficulty.如果不是你幫助，我們會陷入嚴(yán)重的困境。Shall she call,what would I tell her?萬一她來 ，我怎么對她說？漢語的“雖然、但是“因?yàn)?、所以，在英語中只用一個。雖然他很忙，但所以他們決定不Although he is very busy, he has never been absent from the evening class. 從不缺席夜校的課。Becaus

44、e it looked like rain, they decided to cancel the trip. 因可能會下雨， 去了。主從復(fù)合句學(xué)習(xí)的四個關(guān)鍵主從復(fù)合句是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的一個難點(diǎn)，也是一 個重點(diǎn)。如何學(xué)習(xí)主從復(fù)合句，我認(rèn)為應(yīng)從以下四個關(guān)鍵著手：一:概念主從復(fù)合句屬于句子的種類，它包括簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。簡單句是由一套主語和謂語構(gòu)成；并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句并列構(gòu)成，常用and ,but, so等并列連詞連接。復(fù)合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句是全句的主體，往往可以獨(dú)立存在；而從句僅是句子的一個 成分，故不能獨(dú)立存在，必須有一個關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)

45、詞共有七類：1) 附屬連詞 ：有 whether ,whe n, although, because, if等。I don t know if he will come.2) 疑問代詞: who ,whom, whose, which ,what 等。I don t know wha t you mean .3) 疑問副詞 ：when ,where ,how ,why 等。I asked him where he was going to stay.4) 關(guān)系代詞：who, whom , whose, which, that what等，主要引導(dǎo)定語從句。The young man who i

46、s sta nding there is my En glish teacher.5) 關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why. 也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。That was the time whe n we stayed together.6) 復(fù)合連接代詞：what ,whatever, whoever, whichever等。You can do whatever you like.7) 復(fù)合連接畐U詞：wherever, whenever, however等。You can come whe never it is possible.特別強(qiáng)調(diào)：主從復(fù)合句必須有連接詞。英語是形和而漢語是意和。如漢語可以說“你來我走，中間沒有連接詞。如翻譯