全息技術(shù)簡介及其在醫(yī)學(xué)上的相關(guān)應(yīng)用

1、全息技術(shù)簡介及其在醫(yī)學(xué)上的相關(guān)應(yīng)用 全息照相術(shù)與一般照相不同,照相是記錄物體信息的一種技術(shù),一般是將物體通過透鏡成像在底片上,底片乳膠只記錄光強(qiáng),而不能記錄相位,因而失掉了三維特征。而全息照相底片上不只記錄光強(qiáng),也記錄相位,也就是記錄物的全部信息,所以稱為全息。全息照相和一般照相具有相同之處,即同樣是記錄物體信息的一種手段,但又有所不同,其特點(diǎn)如下: 因為全息照相記錄的是物體的光波,而不是物體的像,因而用這種底片來觀察物體時,可以變換視點(diǎn)來改變觀察方向,亦即可以從不同的位置來考察物體。觀察方向只受到照片尺寸大小的限制。 全息照相不需要透鏡,但需要一個參考波源,如果參考波和再現(xiàn)波采用不同的波長,

2、那么還可以具有放大或縮小的功能。 全息照相具有深度效應(yīng)。如變換觀察方向時,后面部分可被前面部分遮擋,遠(yuǎn)處物體隨著觀察者運(yùn)動而近處的不動,閃光忽隱忽現(xiàn)等。 普通照相底片能直接看出物體的形狀,而全息照相由于在激光照射下,記錄的是干涉圖樣,所以在普通光線下觀察時,看不到什么物體,而只是灰色的一片,要想見到展現(xiàn)物,必須用再現(xiàn)光照射。 全息片記錄的是干涉條紋,對底片的分辨率要求較高。因此,稍有振動,就會使照片模糊,故必須采取嚴(yán)格的防震措施。 普通相正負(fù)片的結(jié)果正好相反,而在全息照片中,不論正片還是負(fù)片結(jié)果一樣。 眼全息照相實驗裝置簡圖。激光由半反鏡分成兩束,一束為球面波參考光,另一束通過纖維光束,以球狀

3、通過接觸鏡進(jìn)入眼球,眼球各部分的反射光和慢射光由瞳孔中央部6mm直徑處射出,經(jīng)投影透鏡作為物波記錄在全息底版上。重現(xiàn)象可觀察晶體表面、虹膜和視網(wǎng)膜。這樣就能用一張全息照片對從晶體到網(wǎng)膜的眼球各部分自由地進(jìn)行三維檢測。 利用全息可以拍到活體眼的角膜、晶狀體和視網(wǎng)膜相片,從而對眼的各層介質(zhì)進(jìn)行活體觀察,這是用其它方法難以辦到的眼全息圖,亦可表示出眼內(nèi)的異物的大小、形狀和位置。 此外,利用激光全息二次曝光法,可對人體各部分進(jìn)行三維記錄。而根據(jù)再現(xiàn)圖上的干涉條紋又可以測量人體器官的變形、內(nèi)力和振動等。用全息測量矯形手術(shù),前 后股骨的髕骨端的變形,以使人工髖關(guān)節(jié)的形狀達(dá)到最佳程度,還可利用二次曝光法分析

4、人體胸廓的變形,以尋找癌變部位和大小,也可對眼底的微循環(huán)進(jìn)行研究, 利用超聲全息技術(shù),可以獲得一般照相技術(shù)無法得到的體內(nèi)器官全息像。由于超聲的無損性,因而這一方法被認(rèn)為是探測人體內(nèi)臟器官和胎兒的最佳方法。qcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3p tgz7r4i30ka1dkag

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