形容詞、副詞的原級、比較級和最高級講解

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx形容詞、副詞的原級、比較級和最高級講解【精品文檔】形容詞、 副詞的原級、比較級和最高級1、分類：形容詞和副詞有原級、比較級和最高級三級。原級變?yōu)楸容^級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。2、規(guī)則變化:(1)單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級的后面加上er,est構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。a)直接加er,est ：b)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,要雙寫最后一個輔音字母,后加er,est：c)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,先把y改為i再加上er,est：(2)兩個音節(jié)或兩個以上的音節(jié)的,在原級前加more / most.特別提醒：以-y,-er, -ow, le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞末尾加e

2、r和est。如：healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。特別提醒：以形容前綴un構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，如unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest,untidy-untidier-untidiest特別提醒：以形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞要在前面加 more，most原級比較級最高級slowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyangrilymore ang

3、rilymost angrilysoftlymore softlymost softlynoisilymore noisilymost noisily特別提醒：由ING分詞和ED分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動詞如knowknown)只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級和最高級。原級比較級最高級interestingmore interestingmost interestingexcitedmore excitedmost excitingtiredmore tired mosttiredboringmore boringmost boring3、不規(guī)則變化:原級比較級最高級good

4、好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身體)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身體)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身體)最不舒服的ill(身體)不舒服的many許多的(可數(shù))more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的(不可數(shù))；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far遠的；遠地farther更遠的；更遠地farthest最遠的；最遠地further進一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高級的用法：(1)講述某人/物自身的情況時,用原級。基本句型是： 主語(sb./sth)

5、 + 謂語動詞 + (very/too/so/quite/rather) + 形容詞/副詞原級 +.如：He is very old now.(他現(xiàn)在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它們跑得相當(dāng)快) / The weather looks rather bad.(天氣看上去相當(dāng)糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快樂) 表示兩者之間沒有差別時,使用句型： 主語(第一個人物) + 謂語動詞 + as + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as + 第二個人物 +.如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一樣興奮)/

6、Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉騎車像老太太一樣慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他們摘的蘋果和農(nóng)民一樣多) 表示第一個人比不上第二個人時,使用句型： 主語(第一個人物) + 謂語動詞(否定式) + as / so + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as + 第二個人物+. 如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他沒他妹妹那么興奮) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as

7、slowly as an old lady. (莉莉騎車不像老太太那樣慢) / They didnt pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他們摘的蘋果不如農(nóng)民多)(2) 講述兩者有差異,第一個人物超過第二個人物時,用比較級?；揪湫停?主語(A)+謂語動詞+(much/a little/even/still)+形容詞/副詞比較級+than+第二個人物(B)+.如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(現(xiàn)代的火車比轎車快多了) / This book didnt cost me more t

8、han that one.(這本書花費我的錢不比那本多) 講述兩者有差異,第一個人物不及第二個人物時,用比較級。句型是：主語(A) + 謂語動詞 + less+ (多音節(jié)形/副)比較級 + than + 第二個人物(B) +.如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我認(rèn)為英語不比數(shù)學(xué)難)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你認(rèn)為學(xué)外語不那么重要嗎？)(3)講述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一個時,用最高級。句型是：主語(sb./sth) + 謂語動詞 +(

9、the) +形容詞/副詞最高級 +in / of .如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(長江是中國最長的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三個男生中他跳得最高)5、關(guān)于比較等級的重要注釋：1、以上六個句型中,如果動詞是及物或不及物動詞,則后面用副詞；如果后面是連系動詞,則后面用形容詞。如：This car is the fastest of the four.(形容詞)(這輛汽車是四輛之中最快的)/ This car runs (the) fastest of the

10、 four.(副詞)(這輛汽車是四輛之中跑得最快的)2、“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越來越溫暖了)3、“the+比較級,the+比較級”表示“越就越”。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我們栽的樹越多,情況就會越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,進步就越大)4、一般的形容詞或副詞的比較級前面可以加much/a little/even/still,

11、而表示數(shù)量的more之前還可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等詞。如：It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?(你還要些咖啡嗎？)/He did not eat any more.(他沒有再吃)5、more than / less than分別可以理解為“多于/少于”,相當(dāng)于副詞,more than=over; less than=under.如：I lived in New York for more th

12、an four months.(我在紐約生活了四個多月)6、“one of the +最高級+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”整個短語為單數(shù)含義,謂語要用單數(shù)形式。如：One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一場大火中被燒毀了)7、“Which / Who+動詞+形/副,or?”句型中,如果有兩個選項,形/副用比較級,如果有三個選項,形/副用最高級。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林濤和韓梅誰的書最多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse o

13、r an elephant?(豬、馬、象哪個最重？)8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示兩個事物的詞時,用比較級,而且往往還要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三個或三個以上事物時,用最高級。如： -Do you like the smaller one?Neither.(小一點的那個你喜歡嗎？一個都不喜歡)/ -Which do you like best? All of them!(你最喜歡哪個？全部。)形容詞副詞比較級最高級使用注意事項 比較應(yīng)在同類事物之間進行。誤：Your English is better

14、than me.正：Your English is better than mine.比較級前可以有一個表示程度的狀語，最常見的三大修飾詞是：a little, much, even。以下單詞也可用來修飾：any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。My sister is a little taller than me.Their house is much larger than ours.另外，名詞短語也可修飾比較級，說明程度。Im three years older than he.特別提醒：very, quite, too不可修飾比較級。避免重復(fù)使用比較級

15、。誤：He is more kinder to small animals than I.正：He is much kinder to small animals than I.誤：He is more cleverer than his brother.正：He is cleverer than his brother.比較要符合邏輯，在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時，避免將主語含在比較對象中，這時需使用other來排除自身。誤：China is larger that any country in Asia.正：China is larger than any other country in Asia

16、.誤：John studies harder than any student in his class.正：John studies harder than any other student in his class.正：John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.正：John studies harder than anyone else in his class.比較要遵循前后一致的原則，注意前后呼應(yīng)。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of B

17、eijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。Africa is the second largest continent.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.為避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。one既可指人又

18、可指物，只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The weather in China is different from that in America.The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. 誤：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.正：In winter, the weather of Beijing i

19、s colder than that of Shanghai.“否定詞 + 比較級”相當(dāng)于最高級。-Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?-I couldnt agree more. The idea sounds great to me.Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.比較級前一般不加冠詞。但表示兩者中較突出者，且比較級后又有名詞或出現(xiàn)了of thetwo，這時比較級前一定要加the。He is

20、the taller of the two.Of the two jobs，he chose the harder.Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?試比較：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.不含than 的比較級前可加不定冠詞修飾，構(gòu)成“a/an+比較級+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表

21、示“一個更的人/物”。Why dont you use a sharper knife? 你為什么不用一把更鋒利的刀呢？比較級than 后應(yīng)用人稱代詞的主格，但非正式語體中常用賓格。He is taller than I/me.為避免重復(fù)，比較級中同樣的動詞用助動詞do, does, did替代。I spend less time doing homework than John does.She tells more funny jokes than we do.以下內(nèi)容不是初中教學(xué)的重點，僅供拓展之用。形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示“非?！薄t is a mos

22、t important problem.=It is a very important problem.倍數(shù)表達法A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）/這座新樓比那座舊樓大（高）三倍。 A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as

23、 large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。 A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。 用times表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double. 形容詞副詞比較級最高級重點句型歸納句型一：形容詞或副詞比較級+than注意事項：該句型為比較級的最基本句型。只要看到than，即可確定前面使用比較級。He is taller than I am.The

24、 boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.句型二：less + 形容詞的原級 + than注意事項：該句型表示“不如、不及”，特別需要注意的是，less本身就是little的比較級，后面必須跟形容詞的原級，否定就造成了比較級的重復(fù)使用。This computer is less expensive than that one.句型三：as +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as注意事項：該句型表示對比的兩者程度相當(dāng)，as之間必須跟形容詞或副詞的原級，決不能使用比較級。此外，還要確定使用形容詞還是副詞。確定的依據(jù)就是根據(jù)第一個as前的動詞，如果

25、是系動詞（如be，感官動詞look, sound, smell, taste, feel等），那么就用形容詞的原級，如果前面的動詞是一般的實義動詞，那么就必須用副詞的原級修飾動詞。This lesson is as easy as that one.Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.特別提醒：asas之間也可以跟名詞，句型如下：as +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)名詞+as He is as kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一樣都是善良的人。as + many/much+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名

26、詞復(fù)數(shù)+as I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能。 I have as many books as you do. 我的書和你的一樣多。 Well give you as much help as we can. 我們將盡我們所能給你幫助。其它幾個關(guān)于asas的句型：as as one can：盡其所能 He began to run as fast as he could. as as possible：盡可能Please helpusas quickly as possible. as soon as一就 He will cal

27、l me as soon as he comes here.句型四：not as/so +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as注意事項：該句型表示“前者不如后者”，往往可以與句型一和句型二替換。第一個as可以換為so。This classroom is not as bright as yours.I cannot run as fast as you.句型五：the +形容詞或副詞最高級+ in / of / among +比較范圍注意事項：如果這里為副詞最高級，前面的the常常省略。介詞in和of的用法完全不一樣。in表示“在某一范圍內(nèi)”，如：in the classroom，in the worl

28、d。of表示“在同類之間”，of后面的詞與主語同類，另名詞前一般有冠詞the。among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之間”，among后接代詞或沒有修飾語的名詞。The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.Peter is the tallest of the six students.This picture is the most beautiful among these.句型六：one of + 形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式注意事項：one of有三大考點：1. 后跟形容詞最高級；2. 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式；3. 作

29、主語時主語為one，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.句型七：比較級+and +比較級 / more and more +多音節(jié)詞的原級注意事項：該句型表示“越來越”，如果該形容詞比較級構(gòu)成形式加er，則用前面的句型；如果該形容詞比較級加more構(gòu)成，則用后面的句型。It is getting hotter and hotter.The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.句型八：the +比較級+, the +比較級+注意事項：該句型意思為“越就越”，表示兩種情