英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(mén)UK-1

1、When we mention the UK, What impresses you most?Part 1: The UK (5 weeks)Unit 1-2: A brief introduction to the UK (1 weeks) British History (1 week)Unit 3: The government of the UK (1 week)Unit 4: Politics, Class and Race (1 week)Unit 5-6 : The UK economy and literature (1 week)Unit 7-8 : British edu

2、cation system and foreign relations (1 week)Unit 9-10: The British media, Sports, holidays and festivals (1week) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandEnglish Speaking CountriesEnglish Speaking CountriesI.Different Names for Britain and its Parts英國(guó)的不同名稱(chēng)及其各組成部分英國(guó)的不同名稱(chēng)及其各組成部分II.Geogr

3、aphical Features 英國(guó)的地理特征英國(guó)的地理特征III.Rivers and Lakes 河流與湖泊河流與湖泊IV.Climate 氣候氣候V.Major citiesWwhats forI. Different Names for Britain and its Parts英國(guó)的不同名稱(chēng)及其各組成部分英國(guó)的不同名稱(chēng)及其各組成部分 Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名稱(chēng):不列顛群島，大不列顛和英格蘭。Official name: the United Kingdom of Grea

4、t Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名稱(chēng):大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)。The British Isles are made up of two large islands - Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列顛群島由兩個(gè)大島大不列顛島（較大的一個(gè)）和愛(ài)爾蘭島，及成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)小島組成。1. British IslesThe British Isles are a group of islands off the northwest coast of c

5、ontinental Europe that include Great Britain, Ireland and numerous smaller islands. There are two sovereign states located on the islands: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and Ireland.Commonly used alternative names are British-Irish Isles, Britain and Ireland, Great Britain

6、 and Ireland, British Isles and Ireland, or UK and Ireland. 2. Great BritainGreat Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island. With a population of about 58.9 million people, it is the third most popu

7、lated island on Earth. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west.3. United KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the

8、 northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland.4. British Empire (10

9、0 years ago) About 100 years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that had 1/4 of the worlds people and 1/4 of the worlds land area. It had colonies in North America, Asia, Africa and Australia. The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent coun

10、tries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991.英聯(lián)邦是曾為英國(guó)殖民地的、但現(xiàn)已獨(dú)立國(guó)家所構(gòu)成的自由聯(lián)合體。它成立于英聯(lián)邦是曾為英國(guó)殖民地的、但現(xiàn)已獨(dú)立國(guó)家所構(gòu)成的自由聯(lián)合體。它成立于1931年，至年，至1990年止已有年止已有50個(gè)成員國(guó)。個(gè)成員國(guó)。 現(xiàn)在為現(xiàn)在為53個(gè)國(guó)家。個(gè)國(guó)家。5. The Commonwealth (of nations) The Commonwealth of Nations formerly the Br

11、itish Commonwealth is a voluntary association of 53 independent sovereign states, most of which are former British colonies, or dependencies of these colonies (with two exceptions, Mozambique, which was a Portuguese possession) and Cameroon(which was partly a German territory and partly French and B

12、ritish colony) plus the United Kingdom itself.英聯(lián)邦英聯(lián)邦（又稱(chēng)共和聯(lián)邦共和聯(lián)邦，臺(tái)灣譯大英國(guó)協(xié)大英國(guó)協(xié)；英語(yǔ)Commonwealth of Nations）基于其歷史淵源并想與世界別的聯(lián)邦做區(qū)別，英語(yǔ)中時(shí)沿用舊稱(chēng)“British Commonwealth of Nations”或“British Commonwealth”。它由 53 個(gè)獨(dú)立國(guó)家組成，多數(shù)為大英帝國(guó)的前殖民地，元首為英國(guó)女王伊麗莎白二世，她也身兼其內(nèi)英聯(lián)邦王國(guó)的 16 國(guó)國(guó)家元首。The Commonwealths membership includes both republi

13、cs and monarchies. The hereditary head of the Commonwealth of Nations is Queen Elizabeth II. She also reigns as monarch directly in a number of states, known as Commonwealth realms, notably the United Kingdom, Australia, Barbados, Canada, Jamaica, and New Zealand. The Commonwealth of Nations is some

14、times referred to as the New Commonwealth in a British context.Reason for Britain Empire changed into a Commonwealth: the two world wars greatly weakened Britain.II. Geographical Features 英國(guó)的地理特征英國(guó)的地理特征 英國(guó)的地理位置:Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean o

15、ff the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英國(guó)是一個(gè)島國(guó)。它位于大西洋北部，與歐洲大陸的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峽和東面的北海將它與歐洲其它部分隔開(kāi)。 Advantage: No part of Britain is very far from the coast and it provides a valuable resource. The British

16、 coast is long and has good, deep harbours. Sea routes extend far inland, providing cheap transportation.TopographyHighlandLowlandNations ScotlandEnglandWalesNorthern Ireland2. General features a. Tilting: Rising in North-West cause highlands there; Sinking in South-East cause lowlands. b. Ice Age:

17、responsible for Britains spectacular mountain scenery. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands.英國(guó)的西部和北部主要是高地，東部和東南部主要是低地。Highland and lowlandFour nationsThree political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不

18、列顛大不列顛島上有三個(gè)政治區(qū)島上有三個(gè)政治區(qū):英格蘭、英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士。蘇格蘭和威爾士。聯(lián)合王國(guó)由四個(gè)國(guó)家聯(lián)合而成，分別是英格蘭、蘇格蘭、北愛(ài)爾蘭和威爾士1. England Flag of EnglandRoyal Standard of EnglandEngland is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格蘭位于大不列顛島南部，是最大，人口最稠密的英格蘭位于大不列顛島南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地區(qū)。英格蘭地理地區(qū)。英格蘭地理英格蘭大部分地區(qū)地勢(shì)綿延起伏，北

19、部多山區(qū)。主要的河流包括了泰晤士河和塞文河，其中塞文河是英國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流。主要城市包括了倫敦、倫敦、曼徹斯特、里茲、利物浦、紐卡斯?fàn)柡筒骱猜鼜厮固?、里茲、利物浦、紐卡斯?fàn)柡筒骱?。多佛港附近的英吉利海峽隧道將英國(guó)與海峽對(duì)岸的法國(guó)相連接。England (more than 130,000 square kilometres which takes up nearly 60% of the whole island) a. Pennines（奔寧山脈）, principal mountain chain. b. Scafell (978 m), the highest peak of Engla

20、nd. c. Capital: London. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. The largest island, Great Britain, is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel.The English Channel (French: La Manche, the sleeve) is an arm of the Atl

21、antic Ocean that separates England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about 560 km (350 mi) long and varies in width from 240 km (150 mi) at its widest, to only 34 km (21 mi) in the Strait of Dover. It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf

22、 of Europe, covering an area of some 75,000 km2 (29,000 sq mi).英吉利海峽英吉利海峽由英吉利海峽和多佛爾海峽組成，位于歐洲大陸和大不列顛由英吉利海峽和多佛爾海峽組成，位于歐洲大陸和大不列顛島之間，是溝通北海和大西洋的重要海上通道，是國(guó)際航運(yùn)量最大的水道。以樸島之間，是溝通北海和大西洋的重要海上通道，是國(guó)際航運(yùn)量最大的水道。以樸茨茅斯港為界，西南是英吉利海峽，東北為多佛爾海峽。海峽東窄西寬呈喇叭形茨茅斯港為界，西南是英吉利海峽，東北為多佛爾海峽。海峽東窄西寬呈喇叭形. . The English Channel and The Str

23、ait of Dover The English Channel（英吉利海峽）（英吉利海峽）The Strait of Dover（多佛爾海峽）（多佛爾海峽）White Cliffs 白堊崖白堊崖Eurostar(歐洲之星高速列車(chē)）歐洲之星高速列車(chē)） goes across English channel tunnel（英吉利海峽隧道）（英吉利海峽隧道）2. scotlandScotland (78,760 square kilometres) a. Three zone: Highlands in the north: plateau; Central Lowlands: most impo

24、rtant area in Scotland which contain most of the industry and population; Southern Uplands: moorland. b. Ben Nevis (1,343 m), the highest mountain in Britain. c. Capital: Edinburgh. (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh蘇格蘭位于大不列顛的北部。它有三大自然區(qū)蘇格蘭位于大不列顛的北部。它有三大自然區(qū):北部高地，中部低地北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府及南部山陵。首府:愛(ài)丁堡。愛(ài)丁堡。Flag of Scotland.Royal Standard of Scotland3. WalesWales (20,761 square kilome