中考英語(yǔ)閱讀專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)課、

1、12能力考點(diǎn)題型分類(lèi)能力考點(diǎn)題型分類(lèi)1）把握文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的能力）把握文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的能力【說(shuō)明說(shuō)明】 針對(duì)文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：針對(duì)文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有： Which of the following is right/true/wrong/ isnt mentioned? The following are all right EXCEPT _. 用用What/Which/When/Where/Why/How等提等提問(wèn)問(wèn). Gina jogged with her dad in some empty lots. But the lots were full

2、of rocks and rubbish. One day , Gina saw a sign on the lots. It said, “ New City Park.” Gina was excited. Gina told her parents about the sign. “I read about the park in the newspaper,” said Ginas father. “The city wants volunteers to help clean the area. Then the city will build a soccer and a play

3、ground. How did Gina know the city needed volunteers to help clean the lots? A. Her father told her about it. B. She read it in the newspaper. C. She learned it from a sign. D. She was told by other volunteers.細(xì)節(jié)理解題例細(xì)節(jié)理解題例1 One midnight, a little girl woke up to pass water.She by herself got up and

4、down her bed, walked to thebedroom door and opened it. She looked outside andwalked back, for it was so dark in the hall that shefeared. Her mother said, “Dont be afraid, honey. Takecourage!” 2. The girl walked back because _.A. the bathroom was too far away. B. her mother wouldnt go with her.C. she

5、 was too afraid of the dark. D. the bedroom door was locked細(xì)節(jié)理解題例細(xì)節(jié)理解題例2 He normally goes home between two and three oclock in the morning. There are times he has to stay longer and try to make more runs. He said, “Thats the worst thing about working for yourself. If you dont make money, no one is g

6、oing to give it to you.” 3. London taxi driver try to make more runs sometimes mainly because _ A. they make a living by driving B. they prefer to work for themselvesC. they want to help more passengersD. they are used to working deep into the night細(xì)節(jié)理解題例細(xì)節(jié)理解題例3 解題技巧解題技巧 細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題2）根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞的含義的能力）

7、根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞的含義的能力【說(shuō)明說(shuō)明】 要求根據(jù)上下文確定某一特定的詞或要求根據(jù)上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確含義，常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式有：短語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確含義，常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式有：The word “_” in the passage probably means_. The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to_. Whats the meaning of the underlined word “_” in the passage? 【說(shuō)明說(shuō)明】 詞義猜測(cè)題考查詞義猜測(cè)題考查超綱詞含超綱詞含義的推斷義的推斷熟詞生義或熟詞生義或在特定場(chǎng)合在特定場(chǎng)

8、合的意思的意思詞義猜測(cè)并不難詞義猜測(cè)并不難 把握語(yǔ)境是關(guān)鍵把握語(yǔ)境是關(guān)鍵文中信息細(xì)分析文中信息細(xì)分析 反復(fù)斟酌定答案反復(fù)斟酌定答案1. You shouldnt blame him for that, for it wasnt his fault.2. He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.詞義猜測(cè)題例詞義猜測(cè)題例1、2通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜詞通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜詞 通過(guò)反義詞猜詞通過(guò)反義詞猜詞 v. 責(zé)備責(zé)備 adj.長(zhǎng)相一般的，不漂亮的長(zhǎng)相一般的，不漂亮的3.Our government has taken action to be

9、tter the life of the villagers “better” means “_”. 4. Their friends laughed at them，and my sisters felt wretched，very unhappy “wretched”means “ _”. unhappyimprove詞義猜測(cè)題例詞義猜測(cè)題例3、4通過(guò)同義詞猜詞通過(guò)同義詞猜詞5. Today was a very hectic day for meI woke up late， hurried to the office，worked until four，went to the stor

10、e，cooked dinner and washed clothesI did so many things that I was certainly very tired “hectic”means “ _” busy詞義猜測(cè)題例詞義猜測(cè)題例5通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境猜詞通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境猜詞 Hot sun will dry out a snails body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail draws its body into its shell. A snail will die in a heavy rain. So when it rains

11、, a snail does the same thing, too. 6. In the sentence “a snail draws its body into its shell”, the word “draw” means_. A. to make with a pencil B. to pushC. to pull D. to move away 詞義猜測(cè)題例詞義猜測(cè)題例6 熟詞生義熟詞生義:關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)猜測(cè)詞義的輔助作用關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)猜測(cè)詞義的輔助作用 同義解釋、舉例說(shuō)明、語(yǔ)境暗示、指代、同義解釋、舉例說(shuō)明、語(yǔ)境暗示、指代、 因果推斷、前后對(duì)比等。因果推斷、前后對(duì)比等。 派生、合成、轉(zhuǎn)化

12、派生、合成、轉(zhuǎn)化 解題技巧解題技巧 詞義猜測(cè)題詞義猜測(cè)題依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識(shí) 進(jìn)行推理和判斷的能力進(jìn)行推理和判斷的能力【說(shuō)明說(shuō)明】 文中沒(méi)有直接答案，需要在理解上下文甚至全文文中沒(méi)有直接答案，需要在理解上下文甚至全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合常識(shí)進(jìn)行合理的推斷。常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合常識(shí)進(jìn)行合理的推斷。常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式有：方式有：1)We can guess the writer of the letter man be a _.2)We can infer from the text that_.3)What would be happy if? Secondly, a

13、news story has to be interesting andunusual. People dont want to read stories abouteveryday life. As a result, many stories are about somekind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV? _A.You often play football with your

14、friends after school.B.Your teacher has got a cold.C.A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasnt been caught.D.The bike in front of your house is lost.Cdangerbad 解題技巧解題技巧 推理判斷題推理判斷題 切忌主觀亂猜測(cè)切忌主觀亂猜測(cè) 回歸原文動(dòng)腦筋回歸原文動(dòng)腦筋4）掌握所讀材料的主旨和要義的能力）掌握所讀材料的主旨和要義的能力 【說(shuō)明說(shuō)明】主要針對(duì)段落（或短文主要針對(duì)段落（或短文 )的主題，主題思想的主題，主題思想，標(biāo)題或目的，常見(jiàn)

15、提問(wèn)方式有：，標(biāo)題或目的，常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式有： 1) Which is the best title of the passage? 2) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_. 3) This passage mainly talks about_.4 主旨概括題主旨概括題 解題技巧解題技巧 主題句主題句(topic sentence)常在一段的常在一段的開(kāi)頭，也有可能在段中或段末開(kāi)頭，也有可能在段中或段末, 有時(shí)候有時(shí)候也貫穿在全文中，需要總結(jié)。也貫穿在全文中，需要總結(jié)。 總結(jié)時(shí)，可以用到五個(gè)總結(jié)時(shí)，可以用到五個(gè)w，一個(gè)，一個(gè)h來(lái)來(lái)

16、幫助幫助 What do you do if you are trapped on a lonely island? Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world. You best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane. Body signals Smoke signals Ground-to-air signals Pilots replies 主旨概括題例主旨概括題例11. Whats the passag

17、e mainly about?A. The explanation of building signals on an island.B. The importance of making signals on an island.C. Ways of sending out signals on a lonely island.D. Ways of receiving signals from a lonely island.有些文章或段落無(wú)明顯的主題句有些文章或段落無(wú)明顯的主題句, 只是只是暗示性暗示性地地體現(xiàn)主題體現(xiàn)主題. 這就要求考生在閱讀過(guò)程中根據(jù)文中這就要求考生在閱讀過(guò)程中根據(jù)文中

18、所敘述的所敘述的事實(shí)事實(shí)或提供的或提供的線(xiàn)索線(xiàn)索來(lái)概括總結(jié)主旨大意來(lái)概括總結(jié)主旨大意難點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)：從段落中歸納要點(diǎn)抓大意，理清線(xiàn)索從段落中歸納要點(diǎn)抓大意，理清線(xiàn)索 Elena jogged(慢跑）慢跑） with her dad in some empty lots Elena was excited. Maybe the park would have a jogging trail（小路）（小路）!. “Will they build a jogging trail?” Elena asked. “Well, perhaps if I help clean up the lots, theyl

19、l put in a jogging trail,” said Elena. Elena went to the area every week. Soon everyone knew her and she told everyone how wonderful a jogging trail would be.主旨概括題主旨概括題 例例2 The volunteers said they wanted to build a jogging trail around the park. They told the mayor how helpful Elena had been and how she wanted a