初中非謂語動詞講解和練習(xí)

1、非謂語動詞（A、什么是非謂語動詞？非謂語動詞：就是不能做謂語的動詞形式。主要是動詞不定式和動名詞。 B.主要形式：1.動詞不定式：to+動詞原型2.動名詞：動詞+ing.當然，情態(tài)動詞can,must,may，系動詞be，助動詞be,do,does也不是能單獨做謂語，單獨時也是非謂語動詞。C、用法在一個句子中，只有一個謂語動詞，但是如果一個句子中出現(xiàn)多個動詞時怎么辦呢，如, I want to stop having a rest.我想停止休息。I want to stiop to have a rest.我想停下來，去休息。這兩個句子中就出現(xiàn)了want stop have三個動詞，那這就需要

2、只能保留一個謂語動詞want. 那就在stop前加to ，在have前加to或have后去e加ing，這就把stop和have變成非謂語動詞了。至于哪些動詞后喜歡加動詞不定式哪些詞后喜歡加動名詞，在這兒說幾個重點的特別的動詞用法：1、使役動詞let，make, have后喜歡跟不帶to的動詞不定式，也就是動詞原形,如： Lets play soccer.2、感官動詞see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel +do（也就是說這幾個詞后跟動詞不定式時，喜歡把to去了）表示動作的完整性，真實性；當然這幾個詞后也能+doing表示動作

3、的連續(xù)性，進行性。 3、help這個詞后接動詞不定式時，to可要可不要。但要注意help和with構(gòu)成短語時即help.with.時，with后要接動名詞，因為with是介詞。help+人+with sth /doing sth.4.want、ask、decide 、hope后喜歡加動詞不定式。常見的有：wanttodosth. wantsb.todosth ask sb.todosth. decidetodosth lovetodosth. learntodosth. begintodosth wouldliketodosth wouldlikesb.todosth.Itstimetodos

4、th. somethingtoeat. Ihavemanythingstodo.5、 enjoy,、practise、finish、mind、spend后喜歡接動名詞。注：再就是do some doing, go doing 句型 如：dosomecooking/cleaning/readinggoswimming/boating/shopping/fishing 6、 有些動詞如stop、forget、remember、regret、like等后可接不定式和動名詞，可接不定式或動名詞時，意思差別很大。如： I must remember to post the letter.我必須記著要發(fā)信

5、。(信還未寄出) I remember posting the letter.我記得發(fā)了信了。(信已寄出)I like swimming.(喜歡游泳這項運動) I like to swim this Friday.(喜歡在星期五去游泳這一具體動作)I want to stop having a rest.我想停止休息(是指不休息了)。I want to stop to have a rest.我想停下來，去休息。（是指停止工作，去休息）注： 1、介詞后接動詞時一定用ing形式， 如：be good at swimming, help kids with singing, How/Whatabo

6、utdoingsth.?begoodatdoingsth.thankyoufordoingsth.2、 動名詞做主語和表語例如:Swimmingismyfavoritesport.Myfavoritesportisswimming.3.祈使句中的動詞用原形例如:Comehere.Dontgothere.）一、非謂語動詞的定義及其形式1. 在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。它不受人稱和數(shù)的限制。2. 非謂語動詞的形式動名詞：doing不定式：to do請看下列句子：I enjoy music.I enjoy listening to music.I want water.

7、I want to drink water.二、動名詞和不定式作賓語1. 只能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞有：enjoy, finish, practice, mind, spend等。enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事spenddoing sth. 花費.做某事口訣：喜歡完成練習(xí)，介意花費。e.g.He enjoys listening to the radio. 他喜歡聽收音機。I have learned 200 Chinese words, but

8、 I keep forgetting some of them.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了200多個漢字，但有些總是記不住。2. 只能接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞。在現(xiàn)行初中英語課本中動詞有：decide, want, would like, plan, be used, refuse, help等。decide to do sth. 決定做某事want/would like to do sth. 想要做某事plan to do sth. 計劃做某事be used to do sth.被用來做某事refuse to do sth. 拒絕做某事help to do sth. 幫忙做某事口訣：決定想要做計劃，被人拒絕

9、不幫忙。e.g.He agreed to get someone to help us. 他同意找人來幫我們的忙。Mr. White wish to speak to you.懷特先生想要跟你講話。3. 既能跟動詞不定式也能跟動名詞形式作賓語的動詞有：like, love, begin , start, hate。在這種情況下，它們區(qū)別不大。Tomorrow I start to work（working）. 明天我開始工作。Do you like to play（playing） football？你愛踢足球嗎？但在下面情況下一般用動詞不定式作賓語：would like /love后，表示特

10、定動作時。Would you like to leave a message？你要不要留個話兒？當謂語已經(jīng)用了進行時態(tài)時。Its beginning to rain. 天開始下雨了。在begin后非限定動詞由某些狀態(tài)動詞構(gòu)成時。We began to think of this question. 我們開始考慮這個問題。She began to believe his story. 她開始相信他的故事。4動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語時意思不同的動詞。(1) remember, forget, stop, go on, regret等動詞后跟動名詞作賓語時，表示動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前；跟

11、動詞不定式作賓語時，表示動詞不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之后。試比較下面的句子：I remember telling you about it once. 這事我記得曾和你談過一次。You must remember to write to us when you get there.到那里時，千萬別忘了給我們寫信。Go on reading the text. 繼續(xù)讀課文。After he finished the composition, he went on to do his homework. 他寫完作文后接著做作業(yè)。She stopped speaking. 她停止講話。He s

12、topped to speak to Martin. 他停下來和馬丁說話。(2) try和mean跟動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語時，在意思上差別很大。atry跟動名詞作賓語時是“試著做某事”的意思；而跟動詞不定式作賓語時是“設(shè)法做某事”的意思。試比較下面句子：She tried writing a composition. 她試著寫作文。She tried to get you on the phone. 她設(shè)法打電話找你。bmean 跟動名詞作賓語時是“意思是、意味著”的意思；而跟動詞不定式時是“企圖、打算”的意思。試比較下面句子：This means wasting much money. 這

13、意味著浪費很多錢。I meant to call on you. But I was so busy. 我是想來看望你的，但我太忙了。remember to do something記著去做某事（現(xiàn)在還沒有做）remember doing something記著曾做過某事（以前做過某事）forget to do something忘記去做某事（現(xiàn)在還沒有做）forget doing something忘記曾做過某事（以前做過某事）stop to do something開始做某事（停下正在做的事，開始做另一事）stop doing something停止做某事（停止正在做的事）try to d

14、o something努力、盡力做某事try doing something試著做某事（看能否達到預(yù)期的結(jié)果）regret to do something對將來做的事感到遺憾、惋惜regret doing something對已經(jīng)做過的事感到后悔mean to do something打算,想，意圖mean doing something意味著三、動名詞和不定式作賓語的區(qū)別動名詞作賓語的特點是正在做某事，強調(diào)的是同時發(fā)生；而不定式作賓語的特點是要去做某事，強調(diào)的是即將發(fā)生。常用必背（1）常用doing形式作賓語的動詞和詞組有advise建議allow允許miss錯過resist抵抗mind介意

15、feel like想要enjoy喜歡finish完成keep保持put off推遲feel like想要give up放棄keep on持續(xù) allow允許practice練習(xí)imagine想象 consider考慮cant help禁不住look forward to盼望suggest建議 spend 花費（2）常用to do作賓語的動詞有ask要求 wish希望offer提供decide決定help幫助 learn學(xué)會agree 同意refuse拒絕hope希望want想要expect 期望promise答應(yīng)plan計劃 afford承擔(dān)起 prepare準備manage成功 arrang

16、e安排 help 幫助【注】此to非彼to, 試比較：look forward to doing sth. pay attention to doing sth.be used to doing sth.【非謂語動詞例題精講】1. Do you still remember me, Lingling? Yes, of course. I remembered _ you in JUSCO last year. A. see B. sees C. to see D. seeing解析：本題考查remember后接動名詞和不定式作賓語的區(qū)別。remember doing sth.表示記得做過某事，

17、remember to do sth.表示記得要去做某事。結(jié)合關(guān)鍵信息“Do you still remember me?”以及”last year”可得出答案為D。2. My father has decided _ because smoking is bad for his health. A. to stop to smoke B. to stop smoking C. stopping smoking D. stop to smoke解析：考查不定式和動名詞的用法。Decide只接to do作賓語，意為決定要做某事。而stop doing sth.和stop to do sth.分別

18、表示停止正在做的事和停下來去做某事，從句中“because smoking is bad for his health”可知父親目前有吸煙的習(xí)慣，正打算戒煙，也就是“停止吸煙”。綜上可知，本題選B。拓展延伸請看下列句子，并分析其結(jié)構(gòu)Lucy invited me to attend her birthday party.My mother allows me to watch TV on weekend.可以用帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞常用的有ask, tell, order, invite, allow, wish, want, encourage, advise, warn等。 e.g.I

19、ll get a friend to help you.我將交個朋友幫你的忙。The man warned the children not to play football in the street.那個人提醒孩子們不要在街上踢足球。I often hear her sing in the classroom.我經(jīng)常聽見她在教室里唱歌?！咀ⅰ渴÷詔o的不定式。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：see sb. do sth.hear sb. do sth.let sb. do sth.make sb. do sth.【小試牛刀】請翻譯下列句子媽媽鼓勵我不要放棄。（放棄：give up） 他希望我參加明天的會議。

20、 讓我們?nèi)ド⒉桨伞?課堂小結(jié)遇到有關(guān)非謂語動詞的題目時，注意動名詞和不定式的區(qū)別，動名詞表示正在做，而不定式表示要去做，但是現(xiàn)在還沒做。除了常見的搭配以外，可根據(jù)它們本身所具有的特點，推斷不同的動詞后接哪種形式的非謂語動詞作賓語。平時做題的過程中也要注意這方面的積累。非謂語動詞練習(xí)一、單項選擇?！?010四川廣安】1. Please remember _ the lights when you leave the room. OK, I will.A. turn offB. to turn offC. turning off【2010甘肅定西】2. The boy is looking for

21、ward to a good time after the exam. A. to have B. has C. having D. have【2010重慶】3. James, Im too tired. Lets stop _ a rest.A. having B. have C. to having D. to have【2010湖北孝感】4. Jack took an interest in _ ping-pong soon after he came to China.A. playing B. plays C. play D. played【2011福州】 5. Dont forge

22、t _ your history and politics books tomorrow morning. Thanks. I wont.A. bringB. to bring C. bringing【2011廣安】6. What do you usually do at weekends? I often practice _English. A. speak B. to speak C. speaking 【2011河源】7. Remember _ the book to the library when you finish _ it.A. to return; to read B. returning; readingC. to return; reading C. returning; to read【2011廣州】8. May I have a rest? I have already finished _ the report.A. write B. writing C. to write D. written【2011四川成都】9. While we were running on the playground, Jack