八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第一單元

1、綺麗外語學(xué)院第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、由some,any,no,every.構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞的用法由some, any ,no, every.構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞的用法由some；any ；no 和every 可以與one ,body ,thing構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞，它們的用法與some. any 的用法相同。如：-some-any-no-every-bodySomebody(有人，某人)Anybody(任何人)Nobody(沒有人)Everybody(每人，人人)-oneSomeone(有人，某人)Anyone(任何人)No one(沒有人)Everyone(人人，每人)-thingSomethi

2、ng(某事)Anything(任何事)Nothing(沒有東西)Everything(一切，事事)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.以上不定代詞做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.Everyoneishere.2.不定代詞被形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式修飾時(shí),該形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式要放在其后。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.3.在表示請(qǐng)求、建議或邀請(qǐng)等期待一個(gè)肯定回答時(shí)，用some系列,而不用any系列。CanIgetsomethingtodrink?4.any系列一般用于否定句和疑問句中，但是在表示“任何人（物/事）”的含義的時(shí)候可用于肯定句或if條件從句中Idonthavean

3、ythingtosay.Ilikeourschoollibrary,IcanreadanythingIlike.Ifanyoneknowstheanswer,handsup.5.當(dāng)句中有l(wèi)ittle,few,seldom,hardly，never,without等半否定意義的副詞、形容詞、介詞或如tooto等具有否定意義的其它結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，通常用any系列詞項(xiàng)。如：Iseldomeatanythinginthemorning,becauseofnotime.6.every系列一般用于肯定句中，如果用于否定句則表示部分否定（不完全否定）。如：Noteveryonelikessmoking.=Every

4、onedoesntlikesmoking.(并不是所有人喜歡抽煙.)7.在everyone,everybody,nobody,noone(指人的不定代詞)出現(xiàn)的上下文中，要用復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞與之對(duì)應(yīng)。everything，something等代替物的不定代詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中，要用單數(shù)it來代替。Everyoneishere,arentthey?Yes,theyareintheclassroom.EverythingisOK,soitis!8.當(dāng)陳述句的主語是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞（-one,-body）時(shí)，其反意疑問部分的主語用they，當(dāng)陳述句的主語是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞（-thing）時(shí)，其反意疑問部

5、分的主語用it.(同第七條例子)9.回答howmany或howmuch開頭的問句用none,回答who開頭的問句用nobody或noone；回答what引導(dǎo)的問句用nothing。如：Howmanybooksdoyouhave/howmuchmoneydoyouhave?NoneWhoisintheclassroom?Nobody/Noone.Whatcanyouseeontheblackboard?Nothing.10.注意none,nothing,noone的區(qū)別:none可以和of連用，其它的不能和of連用;Noneofusis/areright.none與all反義。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞

6、可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù)。None(指人或物)=nothing(物)+noone/nobody(人二，little后跟不可是名詞，幾乎沒有；few后跟可數(shù)名詞，幾乎沒有；a little后跟不可數(shù)名詞，有一些；a few后跟可數(shù)名詞，有一些。另;只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的：a large/ great/ good number of, a good/ great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：a great deal of, a large amount of, quite a little,a large sum of 既可修飾可數(shù)

7、也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of, a good supply of三、這三種代詞都有人稱（一、二、三人稱）的變化、數(shù)（單、復(fù)數(shù)）的變化。其中，人稱代詞除了這三種變化外，還有格（主格、賓格）的變化。物主代詞又包括兩種形式：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。特別注意：形容詞性物主代詞its沒有相應(yīng)的名詞性物主代詞。四、so與such1.such 是形容詞，修飾名詞，so是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many，few，much， little連用。so + adj.such + a(n)

8、 + n. so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. （復(fù)數(shù)，不可數(shù)名詞）so + adj. + n.（復(fù)數(shù)，不可數(shù)名詞） 比如：such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many/ few flowersso much/little money.such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 只能用such搭配。2.sothat與suchthat意思是“如此以至于”用法與so和such相同。五、beca

9、use后加一個(gè)句子，而because of后加短語.例如：(1)_he is ill,he is absent today. (2)He is not at school_his illness. (3)He can”t come_the heavy rain. (4)We like physics_we can learn a lot of ideas.六、單詞用法1.seem+adjseem+to+doseem+to+be+adj2.bored adj.厭倦的 bore v.使厭倦 boring adj. 令人厭煩的3.enjoyable adj.有樂趣的，令人愉快的 enjoy v.享受

10、，enjoy doing sth.Enjoy oneself=have fun（in）doing sth.=have a good time4.decide v.決定 decide to do sth.5.try v.嘗試，努力try doing sth.盡力做某事 Try to do sth.嘗試做某事6.feel like doing sth.=would like to do sth.喜歡做某事7.building n.建筑物，房子 build v.建筑8.trader n.商人 trade v.經(jīng)商Teacher n.教師 trach v.教學(xué)Driver n.司機(jī) drive v.駕

11、駛9.wonder v.想知道。后面經(jīng)常與從句連用。I wonder that/how/what/which/where/Why/whose10.difference n.差別，差異 different adj不同的11.wait for sb.等待某人12.want to do13. forgot to do忘記去做某事 forget忘記做過某事14.stop to do停下來去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事情15.enough adj.或者adv.enough作副詞用時(shí)，意為“充分地；足夠地”，通常要把它放在所修飾的形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞的后面，名詞可前可后. enough作

12、形容詞，意為“充足的；足夠的”，在句中可作定語或表語。一般放在它所修飾的名詞前面如： 1. I have enough money to buy a colour TV set. 我有足夠的錢買臺(tái)彩電?！咀⒁狻慨?dāng)enough后的名詞前有冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞或其本身就是代詞時(shí)，要用介詞of。Weve had enough of your coldness. 我們已經(jīng)受夠了你的冷漠13.dislike v.或是n.不喜歡，厭惡 dislike doing sth.喜歡性的Dislike to do sth.zanshixingde.七.詞組1.stay at home 2.go to

13、New York city 3.visit my uncle 4.go to summer camp 5.go to the mountains 6.go to the beach 7.visit museums 8.go out 9.study for test 10.take photos 11.most of the time 12.walk around 13.sound great sound good 14.the next day 15.ride a bicycle 16.one bowl of rice17.enough money 18 look/sound/feel/sme

14、ll/taste/ 19.too many/too much/much too20 arrive in/at、get to、reach 21.in the afternoon/in the morning /in the evening/at the night22.the old buildings 23.Chinese traders 24.take the train 25.buy nothing 26.go shopping 27.feed some hens 28.see some baby pigs29.teach oneself 30.dress oneself 31.Beiji

15、ng duck 32.learn something important 33.buy something special 34.meet anyone interesting八重點(diǎn)句子1.Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City.2.Did you go out with anyone? No.No one was here.Everyone was on vacation.3.Did you buy anything special? Yes,I bought nothing./No,I bought nothing.4.H

16、ow was the food? Everything tasted really good!5.Did everyone have a good time? Oh,yes.Everything was excellent.6.Long time no see. 7.What about you？H ow about you ？8.How did you like it？=What did you think of it？9.Why didnt you buy anything for yourself？=Why not buy anything for yourself？10.How was

17、 the vacation？11.The only problem was that./There was nothing to do but doThe only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read.12.I felt like I was a bird. 13.What a difference a day makes!14.And because of the bad weather,we couldnt see anything below.八、一般過去式的用法：一般過去式 表示過去

18、的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，通常一般過去式帶有表示動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語的詞，詞組或從句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚時(shí)可以不帶時(shí)間狀語。I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工廠工作。I met him yesterday. 昨天我碰見了他。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday.昨天我們?nèi)チ颂忑埳?。一般過去式構(gòu)成： 表示一般過去式的動(dòng)詞通常用動(dòng)詞的過去式形式來表示，而動(dòng)詞的過去式是在動(dòng)詞原形的基礎(chǔ)上變化的。動(dòng)詞的過去式可分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。a. 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變化如下：b. 1)一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed。 work-worked,rain-rained,watch-watchedc. 2)如果動(dòng)詞以字母e結(jié)尾，變過去式時(shí)直接在詞尾加d。 love-loved,li