跨文化交流中的肢體語(yǔ)言商務(wù)英語(yǔ)

1、中國(guó)某某某某學(xué)校學(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)題 目： 跨文化交流中的肢體語(yǔ)言 姓 名 ： 00000 班級(jí)、學(xué)號(hào) ： 系 (部) ： 經(jīng)濟(jì)管理系 專(zhuān) 業(yè) ： 商務(wù)英語(yǔ) 指導(dǎo)教師 ： 開(kāi)題時(shí)間： 2009-4-10 完成時(shí)間： 2009-10-31 2008 年 10 月 31 日目 錄畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)1畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定表2答辯申請(qǐng)書(shū)3-5正文6-21答辯委員會(huì)表決意見(jiàn)22答辯過(guò)程記錄表23課 題 跨文化交流中的肢體語(yǔ)言 一、 課題(論文)提綱引言1肢體語(yǔ)言在跨文化交流中的必要性和重要性2肢體語(yǔ)言的分類(lèi)2.1表情語(yǔ)言2.2動(dòng)作語(yǔ)言2.3體姿語(yǔ)言3影響跨文化交流中肢體語(yǔ)言的因素3.1價(jià)值觀不同3.2風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣

2、不同3.3語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣4. 正確理解和利用肢體語(yǔ)言溝通 4.1正確理解不同體語(yǔ)的含義4.2正確理解對(duì)方的目光含義4.3正確應(yīng)用手勢(shì)語(yǔ)言和體姿語(yǔ)言總結(jié)二、內(nèi)容摘要肢體語(yǔ)言是跨文化交流很重要的一部分。肢體語(yǔ)言，眾所周知，是指能夠傳遞某種特定信息的面部表情，手勢(shì)語(yǔ)， 以及其他身體部位動(dòng)作。除一些世界公認(rèn)的肢體語(yǔ)言外，不同的文化還有各自的肢體語(yǔ)言。在進(jìn)行跨文化交流時(shí)，相同的肢體語(yǔ)言形式可能具有完全不同的意義。在跨文化背景中，各民族有不同的肢體語(yǔ)言交際方式，如果運(yùn)用的好，可以取得較好的交際效果；如果肢體語(yǔ)言信息處理不好就會(huì)產(chǎn)生誤解，會(huì)使對(duì)方感到不愉快或處于尷尬的地位，影響交際的進(jìn)行。本文簡(jiǎn)單比較了不同文化的

3、肢體語(yǔ)言的差別并闡述了肢體語(yǔ)言，以便于我們更好的提升溝通技巧和理解能力。關(guān)鍵詞 :肢體語(yǔ)言;跨文化交流;運(yùn)用Abstracts Body language is an important part of intercultural communication. Body language, as is universally known, means elements in nonverbal communication produced by body. Such as movement, facial expressions, eye contact and so on. except s

4、ome admittedly body languages, different cultures have different body languages. When you process an intercultural communication, the same body language form probably shows different meaning. In the intercultural background, all ethnic groups have different communication methods of body language, If

5、 the body language is used well, they could obtain a better communication, if the body language information are not processing well, it might generate misunderstandings, make each other unhappy or make them in an awkward position, affecting the conduct of communication. This article intends to compa

6、re the difference of body language，present its meaning and talk it briefly. S o that we can improve our communication skills and abilities by understanding it well.Keywords:bodylanguage ;intercultural communication ;application 三、 參考文獻(xiàn)1許靜.非語(yǔ)言交際的跨文化差異與外語(yǔ)教學(xué)A.上海外語(yǔ)出版社,20052顧曰國(guó).跨文化交際M.北京:外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，1997.

7、3賈雨新.跨文化交際M.上海:上海外語(yǔ)出版社，19974畢繼萬(wàn).跨文化非語(yǔ)言交際M. 北京：外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，2001Body language in intercultural communication0000摘要:肢體語(yǔ)言是文化交流的一部分。肢體語(yǔ)言 ，眾所周知，是指能夠傳遞某種特定信息的面部表情、手勢(shì)語(yǔ),以及其他身體部位動(dòng)作。像動(dòng)作，臉部表情，眼神交流等等。用肢體語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)感情幾乎是人類(lèi)的本能。因?yàn)樗?jiǎn)單方便，所以被廣泛的運(yùn)用于生活中。 除一些世界公認(rèn)的肢體語(yǔ)言外，不同的文化還有各自的肢體語(yǔ)言。在進(jìn)行跨文化交流時(shí)，相同的肢體語(yǔ)言形式可能具有完全不同的意義。本文 比較了不同文化的肢體

8、語(yǔ)言的差別并簡(jiǎn)單闡述了肢體語(yǔ)言，以便于我們更好的提升溝通技巧和理解能力。Abstract Body language is a part of intercultural communication. Body language, as is universally known, means elements in nonverbal communication produced by body. Such as movement, facial expressions, eye contact and so on. Use body language to express emotion a

9、lmostly is a instincts of human itself. It is widely used in reality life Because of its simple、fast、directly. except some admittedly body languages, different cultures have different body languages. When you process an intercultural communication, the same body language form probably shows differen

10、t meaning. This article intends to compare the difference of body language with different culture，present its meaning and talk it briefly so that we can improve our communication skills and abilities by understanding it wellKeywords:body language;interculturcommunication;application Introduction:Int

11、ercultural communication , means the interaction between people from different background.In nowadays, economy globlization trends becoming obvious day by day, intercultural communication is no longer a rare thing to us. With the fast development and popularity of the internet,it is very convenient

12、for people to carry on intercultural communication. A basic content of intercultural communication is body communication, if the message can not handle well, misunderstanding will caused in intercultural communication sometimes. Therefore, when you carry on intercultural communication, you should un

13、derstand some common body language in international communication.The necessity and importance of language in intercultural communicationBody language plays a significant role which complete language in intercultural communication. Why do language have such a essential effects on communication？ Beca

14、use sometimes, body language be able to express meaning or contents more profound than verbal language，they can express what the verbal language cannot express directly. People communicate with each other by their body language in the ways of nodding, waving, eye contact, shrugging and so on. Use bo

15、dy language to express emotion almostly is a instincts of human itself. It is widely used in dai ly life Because it i s simple,fast,directly.Like all of other nonverbal communication behaviors, body language serves a variety of purposes. Body language sometime repeats or takes place of verbal commun

16、ication with the use of gestures. Moreover, body language can regulate social interaction, and finally it conveys our attitude toward ourselves and toward others in communication. In addition, it express information masterly and leave a better imagine space on others. As an unique way of communicati

17、on, body language plays an irreplaceable role in peoples communication.Communication is mainly depend on verbal language or written word, but as a matter of fact, body language is regard as a widely method to express emotion, attitude or advice. And have affect on communication deeply.According to t

18、he relevant statistics, the percentage of body language communication is about 65% in social occasion. A psychologist give up a formula:Transmit of information= 7%language+38%voice+55%body language Although the aboved data need a further discussion, while it is more emphasis on the role of body lang

19、uage in interpersonal communication. Non-verbal action, majority is unconsciously reveal, and it often reflects his real feelings. It is more easier for people to disguise words when using language, In the process of communication, meanwhile, the non-verbal behavior is not so easy to conceal. As Fre

20、ud said “understanding peoples deep psychological idea, language is not reliable, the body languages are more true than humans emotion and desires.” In the process of information communication, not only the expression and movement appears with the disseminators verbal language, but also the recipien

21、ts are receiving information while showing a series of expressions. It is an important feedback, it is a recipient psychological feedback, it is more important than the language.2.The classification of body language 2.1Facial expression language Expression refers to the persons facial expressions. H

22、ow many peoples facial expressions it is, Im afraid it is impossible to work out, there are some common facial expressions like:happiness, anger, sadness and joy, others such as fear, disappointment,it is called as changing. No wonder Roman Rolland said, “facial expressions is the language which nur

23、tured centuries and thousands of times more complex than the mouth talking. ”The eyes are the windows of the soul, eye contact is the main source of confidence in nonverbal communication. Besides, we convey ideas by eyes,the eyebrow and mouth movements also can not be ignored.2.2 Hand language The u

24、se of hand and arm movements, is the most powerful method to convey his ideas in body language.In a general sense, we have to use hand gestures to help strengthen the ideas or describe things. Therefore, it is used everywhere. Even in a social situation. Gesture language is the most important part o

25、f the body language, is the most important silent language, is the most useful language. No matter the past, now and the future, its still an indispensable tool of people contacts. In the different nationality or ethnic groups, the meaning of same kind of sign language expression may be roughly the

26、same or similar, also may be quite the opposite. The following are several common sign language: V-gesture: It has become Esperanto for long time, and it is come from the United Kingdom because the V word in English on behalf of Victory, so V express the joy and sense of victory to people. When you

27、use this gesture, you need turn your fingers back to your face. It is said that this gesture become popular after the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill use during the Second World War in English-speaking countries. Be careful when using this gesture, you must put palm out, otherwise, means st

28、igma, neglect to other. OK gesture: There is no doubt that it is also a Esperanto which composed of english letters O and K, its means no problem, everything is ready , also shows im fine, all right, thank you for your attention. However, in the south of France, OK gesture means that something he di

29、sapproved is not worth mentioning. In the Middle East and North America, this gesture symbolizes holes, which have a clear meaning of homosexuality. If in the bar and other public places, someone show you this gesture is probably looking for a partner, and do not return a thumb gestures, you also do

30、 not think he told you OK,so you are politely return a ok. In addition, leg movements can also reveal personal potential consciousness.At a meeting, a staff suddenly received a call from his wife who said that her mother had a car accident and went to the hospital, asked him to the hospital immediat

31、ely. After the call, of course, he was very anxious and want to ask for leave. But at that time, his manager is giving a speech and hate to be interrupted. If his action left a bad impression on the manager, it will directly affect his promotion prospects. He was quitely worried, but can not take an

32、y action, so he frequently look at the door, and also turn his toes towards the door. At this moment, the manager just find his movement and ask the reason, then let him leave immediately.2.3 Poseture language Body language includes humans standing posture, walking posture and sit, squat, stoop, sle

33、ep and so on. Psychologists have pointed out that a mans legs are close together when he standing,it generally make a stable and reliable impression on people, and it will also left a difficult communication impression ;while a man stand with his legs apart, his legs have a little toe out of people,

34、 then it gives a bold, aggressive proactive attitude to people;A mans legs close together, one after another, which reflects he has ambitious targets, haste temper but very brave and full of adventurous spirit; There is also a kind of person, when he stand focus on one foot, the other foots toes tou

35、ch the ground behind gravity legs, these people would mostly like to change, willing to face challenge. Of course, standing posture not entirely representative of a person, because well-trained professionals could change body posture, but it at least can make it clear that standing posture is an imp

36、ortant language, it has the ability to convey his ideas. Persons walking posture can express a variety of feelings, such as pleasure,frustration,passion, or lazy, slack and so on. psychologists found that: the person whose pace is large and elastic, their hands swinging force, are usually more self-

37、confident, optimistic, objectives; walking pace inertia and variable of the speed ,that kind of person are more hesitant, pessimistic, insight view; People who like to dominate others usually like walk a high kick backwards ;When a women walking , the higher her arm swing, the more t she is energeti

38、c; On the contrary, women who walked less by arm swinging, most of them are in the thoughts confusion or frustration.What the“ real” secret of the Body Language exhibited is that all verbal languages can not cover. In the process of intercultural communication, especially those regarding the interes

39、ts and rights of negotiation, consultation, communication. experienced people who able to master“secret Body language”, often through analyse others instantaneous exposed body movements or posture, grasp each others mood swings, real inner intentions quickly.and thereby get the initiative and advant

40、age position. So familiar with “Secret Body Language”as important as English proficiency, even more important. 2.The factors influence body language in intercultural communication .Because of different nationalities in which the ecological, physical, social and religious environment is different, ea

41、ch language environment have given rise to a different language habits, socio-cultural, folklore and customs of various contextual factors, and therefore in different cultures, the meaning of body language is not exactly the same, all ethnic groups of communication have different non-discursive way.

42、The probable reasons that cause these diofference are as follow：3.1Different sense of value It should be recognized that the values of Eastern and Western cultures have lot of difference, due to the acceleration of world economic globlization process, the international cultural exchanges and coopera

43、tion become more frequent.The cultural mutual penetration of different levels in different countries and regions is more obvious, but some deep-rooted values of each are unique. For example, the United States as the representative of Western culture, in terms of value mainly showed as utility, effic

44、iency, emphasize individualism and privacy, have a strong sense of competition and adventure spirit.Besides, westerners havent thoughts of hierarchy, humble, and expensive, cheap distinction.Of course, many Westerners, is also have double standard in the values. Such as privacy, some U.S. companies

45、prevail to steal employees privacy, the company let security person look up the file folders, notebooks, open the phone calls, browsing phone automatically record card, or even open the computer, copy file on hard drive when the employees are go outside.Therefore, in the process of intercultural com

46、munication, both sides want to achieve understanding and respect, we must first understand and respect each others values.3.2 Different customsIn the human experience and belief, custom play the dominant role, therefore, there is an old saying“when you in rome, do as romans do”.And if we Chinese peo

47、ple visit others,the host usually offer tea or drinks for guest, the guests will repeatedly refuse and say “no”, or “dont bother” even if the guest is very thirsty, extremely desire to drink tea. While most of the foreigners, often require host if they can offer something to drink, or the host ask g

48、uests what would they like to drink, guests is very delight to tell the host what to drink. And there are lot of things sounds like a joke, but that is the true. A Chinese meet his foreign friends outside, then he askl “Mr, have you eaten”? Then, say goodbye to the foreigner, m ove forward .H owever

49、,the foreigners think Chinese friend treat him a dinner today. Another thing, but also because of the customs of the gap, and raises the below jokes. A foreigner visit his Chinese friends home, according western manners, foreign friends praised host “Your wife is beautiful” According to Chinese cust

50、om, the host hurriedly reply “where , where”? foreign friends think the host ask him which party is beautiful ? He added “everywhere”.3.3 Language hibitsChinese people usually tend to explain the reason fisrt, and then get down to the business, on the other way around, westerners, such as Americans

51、answer the phone, introduce themselves first“this is xx company, can I help you?” when the Other party explain clearly whom he want speak to ,then ask: may I know who is this ? But we often “hey, who is this? Or who do you speak to”?4 . Understand and use body language correctlyA Chinese man talks t

52、o an American or Canadian woman, is it impolite to look at each other?In various cultural background , whether nod head means “yes”, shock head means“no”?4.1 Correctly understand different meaning of different body language It is necessary to understand that body languages have different meaning in

53、the same situation, and the same body language have diffrent meaning in the diffrent occasion. It is important to note that body language has different meanings in different cultures. How to interpret body language, it depends on the situation, the culture, the relationship we have with the person a

54、s well as the gender of the other. This means that there is not one signal that has the same meaning all over the world. Body language is also interlinked with spoken language and a whole pattern of behaviour from a person. As well as that, various body language signs can help each other to understa

55、nd meaning clearly or strengthen the meaning of what we express.For example, shaking head at sometimes does not absolutely means disapproval, also it is possible means “unbelievable” or “do nothing” or even a think highly of praise - “fantastic”. For example, when you see a football player shoot a b

56、all into the goal, you probably will shake you heads to praise. Similarly, in the process of interaction, we must correctly identify the meaning of each others same sort of action, which is very important. Due to body language behavior is often comparatively obscure, you have to identify each others

57、 true colors through this hazy “veil”, without a certain social experience and sometimes its not really easy to distinguish. For example you ask someone to help, the other can say “OK” or “no” to you, but some people often can not express in his face resolutely “do it or not”, it is a subtle meaning.4.2 Understand the meaning of others eye contacts correctlyIt is necessary to understand the meaning of each others eyes, but also learn how to use eye contact to communicate.