初中定語從句課堂精品ppt課件

1、1 The Attributive Clause定語從句定語從句21.The man is a worker.2.The man is speaking at the meeting.合并句子合并句子: : The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.3概念概念:在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞 的句子的句子. (Attributive clause)Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容詞作定語形容詞作定語句子作定語句子作定語,修飾修飾g

2、irl, 叫做叫做定語從句定語從句4Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并為一個句子合并為一個句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.5先行詞先行詞關系詞關系詞定語從句定語從句Mary is a girl who has long hair.關系代詞關系代詞關系副詞關系副詞which, who, whom, whose, thatWhere, when6關系詞作用關系詞作用 1.代替代替先行詞先行詞; 2.它還在定語從句中它還在定語從句中擔任擔任一定的一定的成分成分; 3. 同時同時連接連接先行詞與它引導的定語從句。先行詞與它引導

3、的定語從句。 （把主句和從句連起來）（把主句和從句連起來）v 關系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行關系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的后，而且它的 人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。7 關系詞關系詞判判 斷斷 步步 驟驟 :v 首先，要看先行詞。首先，要看先行詞。 如果先行詞是指人如果先行詞是指人,關系代詞關系代詞 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物如果先行詞指物,關系關系 代詞可用代詞可用which或或that;v 然后，要確定關系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表然后

4、，要確定關系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表先行詞先行詞 主格主格 賓格賓格 所有格所有格 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of which8 最后，定語從句謂語動詞和先行詞一致最后，定語從句謂語動詞和先行詞一致. 注注:定語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的限制定語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的限制。 The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句主句)The woman is my mother.(敘述客觀事實敘述客觀事實 用一般現(xiàn)在時用一般現(xiàn)在時) (

5、從句從句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中句中yesterday表示過去時間表示過去時間)9 定語從句的用法定語從句的用法: :當先行詞是物時當先行詞是物時, , 用用which 或或that引導引導. .These are the trees which/that were planted last year.當先行詞是人時當先行詞是人時, , 用用who, whom, whose, that引導引導.10who, whom, whose, that用法區(qū)別用法區(qū)別.who 作定語從句的作定語從句的主語或賓語主語

6、或賓語. The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主語作主語11the tallthe strong the cleverboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is Tom12 The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy

7、is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主語主語)The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. 13Whom 作定語從句的作定語從句的賓語賓語,在口在口語和非正式文體中常用語和非正式文體中常用who代替，代替，可以省略可以省略. The woman whom/who they wanted to visit is a t

8、eacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作賓語作賓語14 The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (賓語賓語) The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the

9、teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.15關系代詞關系代詞 1.who1.who指人指人, ,作主語或賓語作主語或賓語( (作賓語可省略）作賓語可省略）The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom2.whom指人指人, ,作賓語作賓語 ( (作賓語可省略作賓語可省略, ,如如 介詞提前則不能省介詞提前則不能省) The man (whom/w

10、ho) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.16whose 作定語從句的作定語從句的定語定語. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定語作定語17A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤兒孤兒).A. who B. whose C. whos D. which18關系代詞關系代詞 3.whose 3.whose

11、是代詞的所有格形式是代詞的所有格形式, , 它既可以它既可以代人也可以代物。代人也可以代物。 Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.19that 可以作定語從句的可以作定語從句的主語和賓語主語和賓語.注意注意: : 關系代詞作動詞賓語時可關系代詞作動詞賓語時可 省略省略. . The woman (whom/ that)

12、 they wanted to visit is a teacher.204.which 4.which 指物，作主語或賓語指物，作主語或賓語 ( (作賓作賓 語可省略語可省略, ,如介詞提前則不能省如介詞提前則不能省) ) These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which

13、you borrow books?21applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.22Can you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Can you find the p

14、en (which) I wrote with just now? 231)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big.關系代詞與介詞關系代詞與介詞: 介詞放在關系代

15、詞的前介詞放在關系代詞的前面時面時,介詞賓語只能用介詞賓語只能用which代物代物, 用用whom代人。代人。(介詞在末尾時介詞在末尾時,關系詞可以省略關系詞可以省略)24 定語從句中需注意事項定語從句中需注意事項 先行詞是物，關系詞只能用先行詞是物，關系詞只能用that,而不宜用而不宜用which的情況的情況1.從句所修飾的詞又被從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級形容詞最高級或或序數(shù)序數(shù)詞詞修飾時修飾時 This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will tak

16、e part in will be held in the afternoon. 252.先行詞是先行詞是 something, nothing, anything，little,few,much,many, all,等等不定代詞不定代詞時時 Here is something( that) I will tell you.263.先行詞既有先行詞既有人人也有也有物物時時,只能用只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. 4.先行詞是先行詞是one of,the one, 或用或用 little

17、, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very, the same, the last 作修飾時作修飾時 Is it the one that you want ? I havent got much that I can offer you. 5.當當主句主句已有已有疑問詞疑問詞 who或或which時，用時，用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 27先行詞前有先行詞前有the only，the very，the same，the last等詞修飾時，等詞修飾時，

18、只能用只能用that。例如：例如：This is the same bike that I lost.以以who或或which引導的特殊疑問句引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用，為避免重復，只能用that。例如：例如：Who is the girl that is crying？28Exercise 1 :用關系代詞填空用關系代詞填空 The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister. I hate people _ talk much bu

19、t do little. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that295. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and th

20、ings _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that當先行詞同時指人和物時，關系代詞只能用that.30Exercise 2. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember. Say all _ you know. Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat當先行詞是something, anything, nothing, all 等詞時，關系代詞

21、只能用that.314.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat當先行詞被序數(shù)詞，最高級序數(shù)詞，最高級等詞修飾時，關系代詞只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.當主句是who或或which 引導的特殊疑問句引導的特殊疑問句，而中心詞指人或物時，關系代詞只能用that.th

22、atthat32先行詞是物關系詞只能用先行詞是物關系詞只能用which不能用不能用that的情況：的情況：先行詞為先行詞為that，those時，只能用時，只能用which。例如：。例如：What is that which is under the desk?Those are the books (which) I bought yesterday.關系詞前有介詞時，關系詞前有介詞時，This is the room in which he lives.33注注: who、that在指人可以通用，但下列在指人可以通用，但下列宜用宜用 who,不用不用that 1).先行詞是先行詞是anyo

23、ne, someone, those時，時，關系詞使用關系詞使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. Is there anyone who wants to go there? 2).在在there be 句型中，先行詞指人句型中，先行詞指人,關系詞關系詞用用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.341. I have a friend _ likes listening t

24、o classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.Exercise 2 :用關系代詞填空用關系代詞填空354. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/tha

25、twhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that367. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9. The first one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat371.這就是救了那個孩子命的醫(yī)生這就是救了那個孩子命的醫(yī)生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那個人是我

26、的叔叔正在跑步的那個人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.383. 住在隔壁的那個女的是一名教師住在隔壁的那個女的是一名教師. The woman who lives next door is a teacher.39 根據(jù)漢語完成句子：根據(jù)漢語完成句子：6.Here is the pen _ . (你昨天丟失的）你昨天丟失的）7.This is the best book_ _. (我讀過的）我讀過的）8.I have lost the pen_. （我父親給我買的）（我父親給我買的）9.Wheat is a plant_ _. （中國北方（中國

27、北方 種植的）種植的）10.I dont like the people_. (說得多說得多,做得少的）做得少的） (that)you lost yesterday.(that) I have ever read(which/that) my father bought me which/that is grownwho talk too much but do littlein the north of China40關系副詞：關系副詞：when/ where/why41 when 作時間狀語作時間狀語:She will never forget the day.She was marrie

28、d on that day.She will never forget the day when (=on which)she was married.It was the year.The World War I broke out in the year.It was the year when (= in which) the World War I broke out.When = 介詞介詞 + which 42where 作地點狀語作地點狀語I want to know the place.I was born there.I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.where = 介詞介詞 + which43why 作原因狀語作原因狀語, 其先行詞常常是其先行詞常常是the reason.