虛擬語氣練習(xí)+知識

1、虛擬語氣在英文句子中，謂語動詞的語氣是用來表示說話人對所講內(nèi)容的態(tài)度、看法以及心情等。英文句子中謂語動詞的語氣有三種：A）直陳語氣（The Indicative Mood）直陳語氣用于直截了當(dāng)?shù)仃愂鍪聦?、描述狀態(tài)：He has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已發(fā)表了好幾篇論文。B) 祈使語氣（The Imperative Mood）祈使語氣用于提出請求、命令、建議或是勸告等：1) Wait outside until you are asked. 請在外面等候，請你進(jìn)再進(jìn)去。2) Lets just take a break,

2、 shall we? 我們休息一會兒，好嗎？C) 虛擬語氣（The Subjunctive Mood）虛擬語氣用于表示主觀愿望和假設(shè)的虛擬情況。虛擬語氣不太顧及事實的存在，它表現(xiàn)出說話人的主觀因素比較多。所以說話人所講的內(nèi)容往往是與事實相反的；或是其實現(xiàn)的可能性微乎其微，甚至于沒有實現(xiàn)的可能性。當(dāng)然，有時為了使說話的語氣客氣、緩和、委婉，也使用虛擬語氣例如：1) I wish you were more careful .但愿你更細(xì)心一些。2) If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment.我要是有再多一點錢，我就買一套更大一些房子。3

3、) Would you mind shutting the door? 勞駕您把門關(guān)上。 虛擬語氣是英語語法中的難點。考生應(yīng)主要掌握虛擬語氣在下列情況下的用法： 虛擬語氣在虛擬條件句中的用法； 在賓語從句中的用法； 在壯語從句中的用法； 及主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句中的用法； 在一些特殊句型中的用法等。用于非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣幾種情況。條件句分為兩種：真實條件句和非真實條件句。與現(xiàn)在事實相違背1) If I had time, I would certainly join you in the tennis match. （事實是：我沒有時間）我要是有時間肯定和你一起打這場網(wǎng)球比賽。2

4、) If I were you, I would put her suggestion into account.（事實是：我并不是你）我要是你，我會考慮她的建議的。與過去事實相違背1) If I hadnt been caught by something, I would have come to your party yesterday. (事實是：我昨天被某些事纏住了)我昨天要不是被些事纏住了，我就會去參加你們的聚會了。2) If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake.（事實是：他沒有聽我的建

5、議）要是他聽進(jìn)了我的勸告就不會犯這么嚴(yán)重的錯誤了。與未來事實相違背 1) If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. （假設(shè)的情況不大可能發(fā)生）要是我有機會試一試，我會用另一種方法做的。 2) Even if they were to fail, they wouldnt lose courage. （說話人不希望假設(shè)的情況發(fā)生）即使他們?nèi)f一失敗，他們也不會泄氣。熟悉并掌握好下面的基本句式：條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相違背過去式（動詞是BE用were）Should/would + 動詞原形 與過去事實相違背h

6、ad + 過去分詞would/should + have +過去分詞與未來事實相違背1) should + 動詞原形2) were + 動詞不定式3) 過去式（動詞是Be也可以用were）would/Should + 動詞原形需要注意以下幾點： 1. 省略If的幾種情況, 當(dāng)條件狀語從句的謂語部分含有had、should、或were時，就將這樣的詞had、should、或were搬到句首把句子寫成倒裝句而將連詞if省略。例如：1) If you were the manager here, what would you do? =Were you the manager here, what

7、would you do? 你若是這里的經(jīng)理，你會怎么辦？2) If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. =Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately. 要是他再那樣做，他會被立即解雇的。3) If we had time to spare, we would be glad to go to the park.=Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park.如果能

8、抽出時間，我們很樂意逛公園。4) If it were not for the discovery of electricity, the modern world would experience great inconvenience.=Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience.假如沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)電，現(xiàn)代世界將很不方便。2含蓄條件句有時為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段來替代條件句.(1) 用介詞短語替代

9、條件句。常用介詞有with, without, but for等如：1) We couldnt have succeeded without your help (=if we hadnt got your help).2) But for the rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain)，we would have finished the work. 3) Without air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是沒有空氣，地球上就不會有生命了。4) But for your help, the little b

10、oy would have been drowned. 要是沒有你們的幫助，那個小男孩早就淹死了。5) We could have done the work better in that case. 要是那樣的話，我們本可以把工作干得更好一些的。(2) 用一個副詞或連詞but / otherwise / or等表示虛擬條件和真實情況交織在一句中如：1) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or (=If he hadnt telephoned to inform me of your birthday)I would have known

11、nothing about it. 2) There might have been a terrible accident, but he braked the car before it was too late.= if he hadnt braked the car before it was too late. 3) He would have come to see you earlier but he just came back from his business trip .（本句中的上下文是：but he just came back from his business t

12、rip，表示：要是他在家沒出差的話）他本來早就來看你了，可他卻出差剛剛回來。4) But that you helped me, I would have failed in the experiment. （本句中的上下文是：But that you helped me，表示：要不是有你幫助我）要沒有你幫助我，我的試驗本做不成功的。(3) be動詞在表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的從句中一般用were。在非正式情況下，第一、第三人稱后偶爾也用was如：If he were you，he would go at once.(4) 主句中的should通常用于第一人稱，would，could以及might可

13、以用于各種人稱(5) 在表示與將來事實相反的條件句中，只能用should，而不能用would，could和might 等如：If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go camping.(should rain也可以用rained，were to rain代替)(6) 錯綜時間非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣在錯綜條件句子中，虛擬條件從句和主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，因此，主句和從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)所指的時間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣形式。例如：1）If I were you，I wouldnt have missed the film last night.如果我是你，

14、我就不會錯過昨天晚上的那部電影。（從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，主句與過去事實相反。）2）If he had followed the doctors advice，he would recover already.如果他遵照醫(yī)生的勸告，現(xiàn)在病就好了。（從句與過去事實相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。）3) If the boy hadnt been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now.如果那個男孩今天下午沒有被救，他的家現(xiàn)在就不會如此安寧。4) If the machine were in good conditions, we

15、 would have used it in our last experiment. 要是這臺機器情況良好，我們上次就將它用于試驗了。5) If you were to visit Hainan in two days, I could arrange for some of my friends there to meet you at the airport. 假如你過兩天去海南，我現(xiàn)在就可以安排我在那兒的朋友去機場接你。當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為錯綜時間條件句動詞的形式要分別根據(jù)它所表示的不同時間作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。3. Implied condit

16、ion1) but for, without, under, with etc. But for electricity, there would be no modern industry.Without your help, we could not have succeeded.Under such circumstances I would probably have done the same.2) otherwise, but, or I ran all the way to school, otherwise I would have been late.He felt very

17、 tired yesterday, or he would have helped you.3) but that (要不是)But that he was short of money at the time, he would have come to help us.4) -ing phrases and to-infinitive You would have laughed to see him jump aside.This same thing, happening in wartime, would amount to disaster.5）If it were (had be

18、en) not for 要不是If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.If it had not been for your advice, I would not have accepted the job.Be-Subjunctive Mood: demand, suggestion, and command, etc.1. 用在賓語從句中：be/ should do He insisted that Kate (should) do the job.We suggested that the

19、meeting (should) not be postponed.Verbs：ask、advise、determine、decide、command、insist、propose、move、prefer、urge、order、recommend、request、require、demand、suggest、desire、intendExe: She asked that she _ allowed to see her son in police custody.A. would be B. could be C. be D. was 2. 用在主語從句中It is necessary th

20、at you (should) be present at the discussion.It is essential that you (should) win the voters hearts. Adj.：essential、necessary、important、advisable、appropriate、desirable、fitting、imperative （緊急的）、impossible、necessary、proper、urgent、insistent、strange ed- participle：desired、demanded、ordered、requested、sug

21、gested、recommended、required，etc.Exe: It is imperative that students hand in their terms papers on time. 3. 用在同位語從句或表語從句中1) The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.2) Their demand is that their wages be increased by 20%.Nouns：advice、command、demand、desire、order、decision、decree（法令、判決） instructio

22、n、requirement、resolution（決定）、suggestion、recommendation、necessity、request、proposal，etc.3) He left orders that nothing be touched until the police arrived here. 這一用法中，be-型虛擬式可與“should+不定式”交替使用，也可與“to-不定式”交替使用。4) He ordered that the books be sent at once.=He ordered that the books should be sent at onc

23、e.=He ordered that the books to be sent at once.Were-Subjunctive Moodwere-型虛擬語氣常用于wish, would rather, suppose, imagine之后的分句中，表示一種臆想的（通常不可能發(fā)生的）情況。 I wish it were spring all the year round. Id rather I were not at the site of the accident. Just imagine everyone were to give up smoking.上述were-型虛擬式在第一、第

24、三人稱單數(shù)主語之后可為was所取代。 If it was to rain, the game would be put off. If only I was not so nervous.但在if I were you這一分句中，通常用were，而不用was。另外倒裝句中也只能用were。 If I were you, I should wait till next week. Were I to do it (=If I were to do it), I should rely on you.在as it were（作so to speak解，即“宛如”、“好比”之意）結(jié)構(gòu)中，也只用wer

25、e，不用was。 He is my best friend, my second self, as it were.用動詞的過去式表示假設(shè)意義1. Subjunctive mood: It is (high/about) time that 1) It is time we had dinner.2) Youve been working hard. Its time you took a rest.3) It is high time we left this place.2. I would rather/ sooner (that) you / he / they 1) Im told

26、they are going by bus, but I would rather they went by train. 2) He didnt attend the meeting. I would rather he had been present.3. If only 1) If only the weather were finer!2) If only you hadnt offended him!4. as if /though1) She always talks to me as if she were my sister.2) He walks slowly as if

27、he had hurt his leg.3) She looks as if she would cry.在某些語境中，如果不表示假設(shè)意義，就不必用過去式。 1) It looks as if it is going to rain. 2) The fish smells as if it has gone bad.5. Subjunctive mood in wish-clauses1）wish (that) +s + v-ed (were)I wish I were as young as you.2）wish (that) +s + had done I wish that I had

28、not met him yesterday.3）wish that +s + would/ could/might doIsnt it your wish that you could buy a car like that? I wish和I hope都表示“希望”。但I(xiàn) hope并不表示假設(shè)意義，隨后的動詞形式除表示婉轉(zhuǎn)口氣外很少用過去形式。 I hope youre coming to our party. We hope you will be very happy.【練習(xí)題 】一、單選題1. If I _ where he lived, I _ a note to him.A. kn

29、ew; wouldB. had known; would have sentC. know; would sendD. knew; would have sent2. Mary is ill today. If she _, she _ absent from school.A. were not ill; wouldnt beB. had been ill; wouldnt have beenC. had been ill; should have beenD. hadnt been ill; could be3. If you had enough money, what _?A. wil

30、l you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought D. will you have bought4. Were I to do it, I _ it some other way.A. will do B. would doC. would have done D. were to do5. I _ him the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then.A. could tell; if it had beenB. must have told; were itC. should have to

31、ld; had it beenD. should have told; should it be6. You didnt take his advice. _ his advice, you _ such a mistake.A. Had you taken; wouldnt have madeB. If you had taken; would makeC. Were you lo take; shouldnt have made D. Have you taken; won t have made7. -If he _, he _ that food.- Luckily he was se

32、nt to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken8. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did comeC. came D. had come9.

33、 Jane would never have gone to the party _ that Mary would come to see her.A. has she known B. had she knownC. if she know D. if she has known10. I didnt know his telephone number. _ it, I _ then.A. Had I known; would ring him upB. Should I know; would have rung him upC. If I knew; would ring him up

34、D. Had I known; would have rung him up二、翻譯1. 如果你聽了醫(yī)生的話，你早就恢復(fù)健康了。2. 如果沒有虛擬語氣，英語就容易多了。 3. 如果她更加努力的話，她就成功了。4. 萬一他不來，你就代替他。 5. 如果我是你，我就不回這個電話。6. 如果我的女兒不忙的話， 她就會來幫助你。Key：I. Multiple choice15 BACBC 610 ABDBDII. Translation1. If you had listened to the doctor, you would have already recovered.2. If there w

35、ere no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier.3. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.4. Should he not come, you would take his place. 5. If I were you, I wouldnt return the call. 6. Were my daughter not so busy, she would come to help you.練習(xí)：1. Everything _ if Albert hadnt cal

36、led the fire brigade.A. will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed B. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed2. If you hadnt gone with Tom to the party last night, _.A. you would meet John already B. you wont have missed JohnC. you will have met John D. you would have met John3. Supposing

37、 this ship _, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?A. was sinking B. has sunk C. were to sink D. sunk4. The insects would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if _ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.A. it is not B. it were not C. wer

38、e it not D. they were not5. The teacher suggested that each student _ a plan for the vacation.A. made B. make C. makes D. will make6. Frankly, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being.A. do B. dont do C. didnt do D. will not do7. After the way she treated you, if I _ in your place.A. be

39、B. am C. was D. were8. The idea is that the nation _ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.A. sent B. sends C. send D. must send9. Its high time you _.A. start to work B. would start to work C. started to work D. had started to work10. “If I hadnt practiced when I was younger,” the musi

40、cian says, “I _ able to play so well now.”A. wouldnt be B. wont be C. wouldnt have been D. couldnt have been11. It is imperative that you _ there in person.A. are B. were C. be D. will be12. The atomic structure is, _, a miniature solar system.A. as it were B. as if they were C. as it were D. as if

41、are13. We required that the machine parts _ cast iron.A. is made of B. be made from C. be made of D. is made by14. The management urged that the cost of production _.A. to be further reduced B. was further reduced B. be further reduced D. should further reduced15. The business is risky. But _ we wou

42、ld be rich.A. should we succeed B. we should succeed C. might we succeed D. would we succeed16. I wish our teacher _ to give another test. I havent got prepared yet.A. isnt going B. werent going C. will not going D. could have gone17. I wish I _ to the movies with you last night.A. went B. did go C.

43、 could go D. could have gone18. Id just as soon _ rudely to her.A. that you wont speak B. your not speaking C. you not speak D. you didnt speak19. If I _ in the twenty-first century, I _ my vacation in a very different way.A. should live would spend B. will live should spendC. are living should have

44、 spent D. will be living would have spent20. It is required that the machine _ as frequently as necessary.A. be oiled B. must be oiled C. is oiled D. will oil21. His English teacher recommends that he _ a regular degree program.A. begins B. begin C. will begin D. is beginning22. We prefer that the p

45、lan _ before being put into execution.A. is fully discussed B. must be fully discussed C. be fully discussed D. will be fully discussed23. What do you think of his proposal that improvements _ in the old type of vacuum cleaner?A. be made B. will be made C. would be made D. will have to be made24. Th

46、e doctors advice is that the patient _ about his real physical condition.A. be not told B. not be told C. will not be told D. must not be told25. _, we could not have finished the work on time.A. If they do not help us B. Was it not for their helpC. Should they offer to help us D. But for their help

47、26. If we had been more careful, we _ much better results now.A. got B. had got C. would be getting D. would have got27. Henry _ a rich man today if he had been more frugal in the past.A. would be B. is C. will be D. was28. They thought it desirable that an armed guard _ in readiness.A. stands B. st

48、and C. stood D. would stand29. All science students, _, should have a good foundation in basic sciences.A. whether they are future physicists and chemistsB. they are future physicists of chemistsC. they should be future physicists of chemistsD. be they future physicists or chemists30. Sally cant hav

49、e written tome, or _ the letter by now.A. Ill get B. Ill have got C. Id have got D. Id get31. I should very much like to have gone to the party but I _.A. am not invited B. was not invited C. shall not be invited D. am not being invited32. There is a general understanding among the members of the Bo

50、ard of Directors that chief attention _ to the undertaking that is expected to bring in highest profit. A. is given B. gives C. should be given D. must be given33. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _ to its burning temperature.A. be heated B. is heated C. would be heated D. to

51、heat34. “Did you go to see the football match yesterday?”“No. I didnt feel well, but I would have gone if I _.”A. did B. have C. would D. had35. If we had known that she had planned to arrive today, we _ her at the bus station.A. may have met B. might meet C. may meet D. might have met36. Were safer

52、 in a train than we would be if we _ any other way.A. traveled B. had traveled C. travel D. have traveled37. He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which I _ of hunger and cold.A. would be died B. would have died C. would die D. will have died38. _ today, he would get there by

53、 Friday.A. Was he leaving B. If he is leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves39. Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight _.A. could be not solved B. could not be solvedC. could not have been solved D. could not have solved40. He is a poorly learnt man. But he acts as though he _.A. is B. were C. should be D. seems like41. The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it _ on the way.A. goes wrong B. go wro