非謂語動詞語法講解

1、非謂語動詞語法一、非謂語動詞的概念動詞的基本用法是作謂語。當句中已經(jīng)有了謂語動詞了，要選或要填的動詞就只能用非謂語形式了。非謂語形式有三種：1、動詞不定式：to do 2、動詞的 ing : doing 3、動詞的過去分詞： done二、三種形式的含義（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和將來；動詞的ing ：表示主動和進行；過去分詞：表示被動和完成。三、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一般式完成式進行式不定式主動to doto have doneto be doing被動to be doneto have beendoneing 形主動doinghaving done式被動being donehaving b

2、eendone過去分被動done詞四、非謂語動詞的否定形式在非謂語動詞前加not, never.即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非謂語動詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)：for / of sb. to do sth.動詞 ing形式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓格或所有格+doing (-ing形式作主語時，用的所有格 doing)六、非謂語動詞的做題步驟1、判定是否用非謂語形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了謂語動詞了2、找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。方法：非謂語動詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語。3、判斷主被動關(guān)系。方法：非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的主動還是被動關(guān)系。4、判斷時間

3、關(guān)系。方法：分析句子，看看非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前、之后還是同時。之前常用done;之后常用to do;同時常用doing.學習非謂語形式時，建議把三種形式一起來比較學習，會更加有效一些。七、非謂語動詞作主語和表語的比較1、不定式和動名詞作主語和表語a.不定式表示一次性的、具體的動詞。動詞 ing常表示一般的、泛指的或習慣性的動作。如：_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk( 分析 )a good form暗示泛指一般的行為，用動名

4、詞作主語，選Bb.不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for /of sb. ) to do sth.It s important for us to learn English well.It s kind of you to help us.注意：下面幾個句型是用動名詞：It s no good / use doing sth.It s useless doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、動名詞、分詞作表語的比較1、不定式、動名詞作表語，. 表示主語的內(nèi)容。如：My job is teac

5、hing / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English是 myjob 的內(nèi)容 )Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.（主表語要用同一種形式）2、 分詞作表語記?。阂恍┍硎厩楦?、情緒的動詞，常用分詞形式作表語。現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)特征，用過去分詞表示主語的狀態(tài)。常用動詞：surprise (使某人吃驚 ) ， surprising( 令人吃驚 ) ， surprised (主語 ) 感到吃驚）類似動詞有：excite (激動 ) ， astonish (驚奇) ， shock

6、 ( 震驚 ) ， scare (驚恐 ) ，disappoint (失望 ) ， move（感動），如： The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.3、 在 seem / appear (似乎，好像 ) ， prove/ turn out (被證明是 ) ， remain( 仍然是，尚待) 等連系動詞后，可用不定式作表語。如：He seemed (to be ) very happy.非謂語動詞十大解題原則非謂語動詞主要包括to do, -ing和 -ed 三種形式，可是其用法非常廣泛，它不僅是高考單項選擇題測試的一個重點，而且也是完

7、形填空、閱讀理解、短文改錯的重要考查內(nèi)容。為了能更好地掌握非謂語動詞的用法，筆者在教學實踐中總結(jié)出十條實用的解題原則，并且還用相關(guān)的題目來解釋這些原則。根據(jù)這些原則，相信同學們可以輕松地應對非謂語動詞。原則一、兩個句子必須要用連詞連接，如果沒有連詞連接，則需要用非謂語動詞例 1. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Having toldC. He had been told D. Though he had been told例 2_ many times, he still coul

8、dnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Having toldC. He had been told D. Though he had told解析：例 1 中有連詞but 連接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案為C。例 2 中后面是一個句子，而且沒有連詞，所以前面不是句子，應該用非謂語動詞，根據(jù)句意此處為被動，所以答案為A 。原則二、不及物動詞無-ed 形式非謂語動詞，及物動詞有賓語時用-ing 形式，無賓語時用 -ed 形式例 3. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally

9、saved by the local police.A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing解析： lose 為及物動詞，現(xiàn)在后面沒有賓語，所以用-ed 形式，答案為B。例 4. _, I really believe that Id prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into c

10、onsiderationD. Giving all the possibilities解析：把?？紤]進來結(jié)構(gòu)為take sth into consideration ，現(xiàn)在take 后面有賓語all thepossibilities ，所以用-ing 形式，答案為B。原則三、 being done 表示 “正在被 ”，一般不作狀語，只作定語。非謂語動詞的完成時形式 to have done 或 having done 強調(diào)該動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動詞之前例 5. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. Fa

11、iled C. To fail D. Having failed解析：根據(jù)句意“我們沒有打通電話，就給他們發(fā)了個郵件”，沒有打通電話應該發(fā)生在發(fā)郵件之前，所以用having done，答案為D。例 6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.A. to have founded B. having foundedC. founding D. to found解析：根據(jù)句意，Tim Bemers-Lee 創(chuàng)立萬維網(wǎng)應該是過

12、去的事情，而且be considered后面應該用動詞不定式，所以應該用to have done，答案為A 。原則四、非謂語動詞作定語時，表示將來用-to do ，表正在進行用-ing ，表示已經(jīng)完成用 -ed例 7. The play_ next month aims mainly to reflect the local cultureA produced B being producedCto be produced D having been produced解析：根據(jù)本題中的時間狀語next month ，可知 the play 將要于下月被創(chuàng)作出來，表將來應該用to do ，所以答

13、案為C。例 8.The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown down B. blown downC. blowing down D. to blow down解析：根據(jù)句意 “被暴風雨刮倒的樹已經(jīng)從路上移走了 ”，樹被刮倒是過去已經(jīng)完成的動作，表已經(jīng)完成用 -ed 形式，所以答案為 B。原則五、介詞后跟-ing 形式，可以在-ing 前加邏輯主語例 9. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having been caught B.

14、the thief to be caughtC. catch the thief D. the thief being caught解析：本題led to 中的 to 是介詞，后面應該用-ing 形式， the thief 作 -ing 的邏輯主語，所以答案為D 。例 10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D.

15、 to open and close解析：本題the noise of 中的of是介詞，后面應該用-ing形式，desks 作 -ing 的邏輯主語，所以答案為C。原則六、 -ing 形式或 to do 可作主語或賓語，-ed 形式則不可以例 11. _ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch解析：本題中is 為系動詞，前面應該作主語，用-ing 形式，所以答案為C。例 12 _twice a year, whe

16、ther it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. Examining B. ExaminedC. Being examined D. Having been examined解析：本題中is 為系動詞，前面應該作主語，用-ing 形式，所以答案為C。原則七、 be+-ed+ 介詞結(jié)構(gòu)?？砂裝e 去掉保留 -ed+ 介詞做狀語例 13Michael s new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one.A.

17、comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared解析： “和。相比較 ”結(jié)構(gòu)為 be compared with ，現(xiàn)在做句子的狀語，所以只保留非謂語動詞，把動詞 be 去掉，答案為 D 。例 14 _ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing解析： “面對 ”結(jié)構(gòu)為 be faced with, 現(xiàn)在做句子的狀語，所以只保留非謂語動詞，把動詞 be 去掉，答

18、案為C。原則八、非謂語動詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語保持一致，和句子主語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時用-ing 形式，構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系是用-ed 形式。其邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時，要在非謂語動詞前加邏輯主語，構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)例 15 _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten解析：本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應和句子主語the postman 一致， thepostma

19、n 應該是被咬，所以答案為B 。例 16._ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked解析：本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應和句子主語he 一致 , he 和 walk 應該是主動關(guān)系，所以答案為B。例 17. While watching television, _.A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the door

20、bell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings解析：根據(jù) “非謂語動詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語保持一致”的原則，watching 的邏輯主語應和后面句子主語一致，所以句子主語應為“ we，”答案為 C。例 18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day.A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished解析：本題沒有連詞，所以后面應用非謂語動詞，the lessons是非謂語動詞

21、的邏輯主語，和非謂語動詞構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意應是“被完成 ”，所以答案為B。原則九、不定式做狀語一般有兩種：目的狀語和出乎意料的結(jié)果狀語（表示順其自然的結(jié)果用 -ing 形式）。另外，某些形容詞（表喜、怒、哀、樂）做表語后跟不定式可以表示原因例 19 _, you need to give all you have and try your best.A. Being a winner B. To be a winnerC. Be a winner D. Having been a winner解析：根據(jù)句意“要想成為獲勝者，你要付出所有，盡最大努力”，此處表目的，所以答案為 B。例 2

22、0. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told解析：本句句意為 “記者們匆匆趕到機場，卻被告知明星們已經(jīng)走了 ”，表出乎意料的結(jié)果常常用 only to do ，所以答案為 B。例 21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day.A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let解析：本題句意為 “玻璃門替換了木頭門，自然光就進來了 ”，自然光進來時順其自然的結(jié)果，所以用 doing, 答案為 B。例 22.How