初中英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 2017.11.241春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎 ? ?will it still be far in spring?冬天已經(jīng)來(lái)了冬天已經(jīng)來(lái)了, ,winter has already come, 2現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)winterwinter has has alreadyalready comecome. .3現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式 have done has助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去過(guò)去分詞分詞4助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have/has可和前面的主可和前面的主語(yǔ)縮略為語(yǔ)縮略為ve,s.如如 theyve, weve, hes, its; youve has not=h

2、asnthave not=havent5過(guò)去分詞的變化過(guò)去分詞的變化1、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加 +ed work, plant,call2.以字母以字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，詞尾加結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，詞尾加+d live, change, like, love, agree, save hate, move, arrive, skate, hope, use3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的 雙寫(xiě)輔音字母雙寫(xiě)輔音字母ed. 如：如：plan, stop,drop,fit(適適合合), prefer(更喜歡更喜歡), travel4.以以輔音字母

3、輔音字母y，結(jié)尾結(jié)尾，變，變y為為ied try, study, carry, hurry, cry, worry,copy61.肯定句肯定句:主語(yǔ)+have/has(助動(dòng)詞）助動(dòng)詞）+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞+(其他）。其他）。2. 否定句否定句: 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/has+not +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞+(其他）。其他）。 3.一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句 have/has+ 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞? yes, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/has. no, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/hasnt.7用來(lái)表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和用來(lái)表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)

4、系: 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但它的但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在影響現(xiàn)在還存在。 they have left. -他們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了他們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了,也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里 i have had my lunch. -我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了,也就是說(shuō)我現(xiàn)在不餓也就是說(shuō)我現(xiàn)在不餓現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)的含義時(shí)的含義也可表示也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 he has learned english since 2001. -從從2001年開(kāi)始學(xué)的年開(kāi)始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢8nowpastfuture一般過(guò)去

5、時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作表示的是在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在或者發(fā)生在過(guò)去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響過(guò)去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響they have left.he has learned english since 2001.9和和現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)meaningexamplealready已經(jīng)已經(jīng)i have already done my homework.yet還（未）還（未）i have not finished my homework yet.never從不，從沒(méi)從不

6、，從沒(méi)i have never read this story.ever曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)have you ever watched this film?recently最近最近we have not seen nancy recently.just剛剛剛剛he has just seen nancy.for+時(shí)間段時(shí)間段時(shí)間時(shí)間she learned english for nine years.since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)自從自從i have not eaten anything since 9 a.m.in the past在過(guò)去的在過(guò)去的he has changed a lot in the pas

7、t three years.101.mr. black left china in 1990. mr. black _china since 1990.2.the hero died five years ago. the hero _ for five years.3.the meeting began two minutes ago. the meeting _ for two minutes.4.we borrowed two books last week. we _ the two books for a week.5. sally joined the league two yea

8、rs ago. sally _ the league for two years. has been away from has been deadhas been onhave kepthas been in11 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：表示可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：表示可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rainbe,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。等。 瞬間性動(dòng)詞：表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。瞬間性動(dòng)詞：表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如：如：begin,arr

9、ive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,lbegin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,start,stopeave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,start,stop等。等。 瞬間性瞬間性的動(dòng)詞是不能持續(xù)的，所以不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。的動(dòng)詞是不能持續(xù)的，所以不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。比較延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與瞬間性動(dòng)詞比較延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與瞬間性動(dòng)詞 12 since 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作

10、起始時(shí)間用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間 “自從自從” for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度 “長(zhǎng)達(dá)長(zhǎng)達(dá)”i have lived here for more than twenty years.i have lived here since i was born.my aunt has worked in a company since 1949. i have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比較比較since和和for13二、用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month

11、4._ 19995._yesterday 6._4 oclock7_4 hours 8._an hour ago9._we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here12. he has lived in nanjing _ the year before last.13. ive known him _ we were children.14. our teacher has studied japanese _ three years.15. she has been away from the city _ about ten year

12、s.16. its about ten years _ she left the city.14瞬間性動(dòng)詞例如瞬間性動(dòng)詞例如come,go,leave等，不和表示延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，等，不和表示延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，例如例如for two hours或者是或者是since last month。如果我們想用它們來(lái)表達(dá)。如果我們想用它們來(lái)表達(dá)延續(xù)性的狀態(tài)，就要把他們轉(zhuǎn)化成對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)性的狀態(tài)，就要把他們轉(zhuǎn)化成對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。verb used for a continuous stateexamplebuyhave/has hadhe has had the watch for o

13、ver two years.borrow have/has keptshe has kept this book for two weeks.arrivehave/has been in/atkitty has been in nanjing for a month.leavehave/has been awayshe has been away from home for ten years.join have/has been in/a member of simon has been a member of the football club since last year.diehav

14、e/has been deadthe fish has been dead for two days.get marriedhave/has been marriedthey have been married for more than twenty e/gohave/has been in/atmy cousin has been in beijing for a month.begin/starthave/has been onthe meeting has been on for half an hour.stophave/has been overthe conference has

15、 been over since last sunday.151. he died 10 years ago. - he _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. he borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - he _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. he bought the motorbike a month ago. -he _ _ the motorbike for a month.4. he arrived here three days ago. - he _ _ here since thr

16、ee days ago.5. they turned off the light 2 hours ago. - the light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6. he left here 2 years ago. - he _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. the film began 30 minutes ago. - the film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. they opened the door an hour ago. - the door _ _ _ for an hour.9. they closed the doo

17、r an hour ago. - the door _ _ _ for an hour.10. he joined the army last year. - he _ _ a _ for a year. - he _ _ _ the army for a year. - it _ a year _ he joined the army. 延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞和瞬間瞬間性性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化161. he died 10 years ago. - he has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. he borrowed th

18、e book 2 weeks ago. - he has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. he bought the motorbike a month ago. -he has had the motorbike for a month.4. he arrived here three days ago. - he has been here since three days ago.5. they turned off the light 2 hours ago. - the light has been on for 2 hours.6. he left her

19、e 2 years ago. - he has been away from here for 2 years.7. the film began 30 minutes ago. - the film has been on for 30 minutes.8. they opened the door an hour ago. - the door has been open for an hour.9. they closed the door an hour ago. - the door has been closed for an hour.10. he joined the army

20、 last year. - he has been a soldier for a year. - he has been in the army for a year. - it is a year since he joined the army. 延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞和瞬間瞬間性性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 (keys)17he has gone to shanghai.他他(已經(jīng)已經(jīng))去上海了。去上海了。he has been to shanghai.他他(曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)) 去過(guò)上海。去過(guò)上海。比較比較 have/has been to have/has gone to18he went

21、 to shanghai last week. 他他(曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng))到到/去過(guò)上海去過(guò)上海 在他人生中曾經(jīng)有過(guò)這樣的在他人生中曾經(jīng)有過(guò)這樣的經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷,但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來(lái)了但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來(lái)了他已經(jīng)他已經(jīng)去上海了去上海了 也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā)也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了也許已經(jīng)到了,也許也許還在路上還在路上,反正他人不在這里反正他人不在這里上周他上周他做了一件事做了一件事:那就是那就是去了上海去了上海he has been to shanghai.he has gone to shanghai.he has been in shanghai for 10 years.他他呆在上

22、海迄今為止已經(jīng)呆在上海迄今為止已經(jīng)10年了年了 現(xiàn)在還在上海沒(méi)現(xiàn)在還在上海沒(méi)有離開(kāi)呢有離開(kāi)呢he lived in shanghai for 10 years.以前他以前他在上海住過(guò)在上海住過(guò)10年年 現(xiàn)在不在上海了現(xiàn)在不在上海了辨析這些句子辨析這些句子由時(shí)態(tài)導(dǎo)致的由時(shí)態(tài)導(dǎo)致的含義上的差別含義上的差別19練習(xí)1.i like guilin. i _ there twice. a. go b. went c. have gone d. have been 此題中的twice（兩次）表示經(jīng)歷，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因此選d。 2. where”s li lei? he _ beijing. a. goe

23、s to b. went to c. has gone to d. has been to 此題的語(yǔ)境是李雷不在說(shuō)話的地方，因此要選 c。 3. he went to toronto two years ago, so he _ toronto for two tears. a.has been to b. has gone to c. has been in d. has gone 題目有for two years這一個(gè)段時(shí)間，而have been to 和have gone to都不能和段時(shí)間連用，因此選c has been in 。20 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)

24、的比較 1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作； 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。i saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）i have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）212）一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí) 常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連

25、用; 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in october, just now, - 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如句

26、子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí) （錯(cuò)）（錯(cuò)）tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對(duì)）（對(duì)）tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.223）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般過(guò)

27、去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。等。 she joined the league three years ago. (加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的) she has been in the league for three years (since three years ago). (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) she has been a league member for three years (since three years ago).(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))23家庭作業(yè)家庭作業(yè)一、選擇填空 ( )1.jims been to the great wall before ,_he?(a)isnt (b)wasnt (c)hasnt (d)doesnt( )2.shes never been to england, _she?(a)has (b)hasnt (c)isnt (d)is( )2._has