不定式詳解及順口溜

1、 expect to do sth. 期待做某事非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞分詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式（動(dòng)詞不定式（The Infinitive）一一. 動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：由不定式符號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成 肯定式：肯定式：to do sth 否定式：否定式：not to do sth. 被動(dòng)式：被動(dòng)式：to be done 完成式：完成式：to have done二二. 動(dòng)詞不定式的句法作用法動(dòng)詞不定式的句法作用法動(dòng)詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和動(dòng)詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和名詞的特征，因此在句中可作名詞的特征，

2、因此在句中可作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語定語、狀語等成份。語定語、狀語等成份。不定式在七個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞不定式在七個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice, listen to, 三個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞三個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make等后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)等后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),to要省略要省略(1)作主語作主語 不定式做主語時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。不定式做主語時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：注：常用常用it做形式主語，將做

3、形式主語，將to do放在位于放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It + 謂語謂語 + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型句型2：Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains句型句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of

4、sb to do sth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ）（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some h

5、elp.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.reach the point or stage at which one does the specified thing 達(dá)到做某事的程度或達(dá)到做某事的程度或地步地步: He grew increasingly to rely on her. 他越來越依賴她了他越來越依賴她了 1.He asked me to help him repair his radio, but I dont know _.to do it B. how to C. what to do it D. how

6、 to do2. His voice made me _ terrible.To feel B. feel C. feels D. felt3. My parents told me _ people when they are in trouble.never laugh at B. not to laugh at dont laugh at D. not laugh at4. Its bad manners _ rude to people.to be B. are C. be D. to being5. Its interesting _ us to take part in the g

7、ames.A. of B. to C. for D. at6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A not make B not to make C not making D do not make7.Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C to be expecting D expects8.Paul doesnt have to

8、be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning9. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)名詞（gerund）一一. 動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving be

9、en done二二. 動(dòng)名詞的性質(zhì)動(dòng)名詞的性質(zhì)動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)有具有名詞的特點(diǎn)，具體表現(xiàn)為：動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)有具有名詞的特點(diǎn)，具體表現(xiàn)為：五.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞前可以加一個(gè) 物主代詞或 名詞所有格來表示 這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語 ，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)名詞短語1).物主代詞物主代詞 / 名詞所有格名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 在句中作主語在句中作主語: Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Roses going wont

10、be of much help. 2).人稱代詞賓格人稱代詞賓格 / 名詞名詞 /物主代詞物主代詞 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 在句中作賓語在句中作賓語: Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper?分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)構(gòu)成（以構(gòu)成（以

11、study和和go為例）為例） 及物與不及物動(dòng)詞及物與不及物動(dòng)詞 語語態(tài)態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 類別類別 及及 物物 動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般式一般式 studying being studied going完成式完成式 having studied having been studied having going過去分詞過去分詞一般式一般式 studied 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：1.語態(tài)上：語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過去分詞表被動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過去分詞表被動(dòng)Do you know the wo

12、man talking to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2. 時(shí)態(tài)上：時(shí)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表完成現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表完成Developing country boiling waterDeveloped country boiled waterV-ing 形式作狀語形式作狀語,可表時(shí)間、原因、方式、結(jié)果、條件、可表時(shí)間、原因、方式、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨或陪襯等含義讓步、伴隨或陪襯等含義, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語從句所表達(dá)的意思所表達(dá)的意思. Walking in the

13、 street, I came across an old friend.= When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.Being ill, he didnt go to school.=As he was ill, he didnt go to school. Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. （方式）（方式）If you use your head, you will find a way. Though weighing almost o

14、ne hundred jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand. We were sitting by the window,talking about what happened yesterday.(伴隨）伴隨）解析1.當(dāng)當(dāng)v-ing形式作狀語時(shí)，若它所表示的動(dòng)作形式作狀語時(shí)，若它所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，需用發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，需用having done2. v-ing形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須和主形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須和主語保持一致；否則必須帶有自己的邏輯主語語保持一致；否則必須帶有自己的邏輯主語=Using your he

15、ad, you will find a way.= Though it weighes 過去分詞過去分詞作狀語作狀語過去分詞作狀語，過去分詞作狀語，修飾謂語修飾謂語，大多說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景，大多說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示或情景，表示時(shí)間時(shí)間、條件條件、原因原因、讓步讓步、伴隨情況伴隨情況等。等。一般說來，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的一般說來，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語邏輯主語是是主句的主語主句的主語。a、表示表示時(shí)間時(shí)間Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.b、表示表示條件

16、條件Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.c、表示表示原因原因d、表示表示伴隨情況伴隨情況e e、表示、表示讓步讓步Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.She walked out of the house,

17、followed by her little daughter.She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.被動(dòng)式：被動(dòng)式： being done 表示一個(gè)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的完成動(dòng)作。表示一個(gè)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的完成動(dòng)作。1.The building being repaired is our library.2.The question being discussed is very important.3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses being put up.完成式：完成式：having done 所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前