人教版初中九年級化學(xué)(上冊)課本基本知識點填空

1、exchange experience in safety, commend advanced teams and indivi duals;8, the establishment of the workshop safety managementnetwork, regular checking, arrangement of security work , workshop and team security officer role into full play9, issued strict enforcement of laborprotection articles, healt

2、h sta ndards, and do a good job post workers ' labor protecti on wear, guaranteedpost workers ' safety andhealth; 10, develop emergency plans and drills are regularlyorganized. AssistantSuperintendent of security responsibilities 1, Direct or of the workshop on thesafety of the unitresponsib

3、le, Deputy Director i n charge of business-wide security work; 2,seriously carry out the party and thecountry's w ork safety laws, regulations, standards, and research on safety technology, exemplary in the implementation of operational procedures and Safety Manager.10, devel opemergencyplans an

4、d drills are regularly organized.Group leaders ' safety duties1 and carryout business and workshop on safety instructions and requirements, the team'soverall responsibility for the safety andpersonal safety andhealthof workers;2 organize and participate i n security activities, adhere to saf

5、ety, beforeclass to check security, after summingup the security system;3, responsible for new workers (including internships, a ccompanying staff) job safety, education and the right to stop wit hout the third-level education a ndsafety assessment of qualified workers operate independently; 4, foun

6、d accidentssigns and accidents take effective measures toprevent the situation from expanding and re porting ; shall immediately report theaccident and organi zed rescue, protect the scene, makedetailed records,partici pate in accide nt investigations,organize workers toanalyzethe cause of the accid

7、ent, the implementation of preventive measures;5, engaging in obvi ousentitled to stop the operationof the procedure s and arrangementspost operator, report to the leadership; 6 so as to improve safety and fire fighting facilities, equipment inspections and maintenance work, remain flexible to use ,

8、 check the worker reasonableuseof personal protective equi pment, and proper useof fire fighting equipment. 7, focus on team-building, improve management levelof teams. Kee p the work site tidy, clean, realization of civilization, and do ide ological and political work team; 8 so as to improve track

9、 safety contest,commend the advanced ex periences. Craft safety responsibilities 1, responsible for their own safety in the context of work, ensure thesafety and reliability of the technical w ork. 2, i s responsible for the preparation of technical specifications for the unit's security andsafe

10、ty management system.In the preparati on of start up, shut down, or when equipment maintenance, techni cal feasibility, tohave reliable health and safety measures and inspection of the implementation. 3, in the areaof staff security techniqueand safety training, organization of technical training ac

11、tivities, regular assessment. 4, often goes into the field to check上冊知識點總匯（一）我們周圍的空氣考點一：空氣的成分：1、空氣是一種_，主要是由和組成?？諝獾某煞值贸霭確分?jǐn)?shù)計算，大致是 _占 21%，氮氣占 _，_占 0.94%，_占 0.03%，其他氣體和雜質(zhì)占0.03%。2、空氣污染可分為兩類，有害氣體如、等和粉塵。污染源有_的燃燒和工廠排出的_，汽車的等。 NO2、 SO2 進入大氣后，易形成_。防治污染的方法：、注意 ：空氣質(zhì)量日報計入空氣污染物的有害氣體為_、 _、 _ 以及 _和_。二氧化碳雖能造成溫室效應(yīng)，但

12、不是質(zhì)量日報所報告的。3、在空氣中氧氣含量測定的實驗中，使用的藥品是，該物質(zhì)燃燒時有大量的_生成，同時集氣瓶內(nèi)水面_，說明氧氣約占空氣體積的1/5。以上實驗測定氧氣的含量往往偏低，引起這樣結(jié)果的原因可能是：；該實驗不能用燃燒后生成_的物質(zhì)（如碳、硫等）代替紅磷，也不能用鐵代替紅磷，因為?？键c二、氧氣1氧氣的物理性質(zhì)：通常狀況下是色味的氣體，比空氣密度，溶于水，液態(tài)和固態(tài)的顏色為色。2氧氣的化學(xué)性質(zhì)氧氣是一種的化學(xué)性質(zhì)的氣體，具有 _性，在一定條件下，能跟許多物質(zhì)發(fā)生反應(yīng)。碳在氧氣中燃燒的反應(yīng)屬于基本反應(yīng)類型中的_反應(yīng)，化學(xué)方程式為_ ，如果氧氣不足，碳與氧氣反應(yīng)則生成_。硫在空氣中燃燒發(fā)出火焰

13、，在氧氣中燃燒發(fā)出_ 火焰，生成一種的氣體，方程式為_。鐵在氧氣中燃燒生成_色的 _（填化學(xué)式），方程式為 _。注意 : 在硫燃燒的集氣瓶中要加水的目的是_ ；在鐵燃燒的集氣瓶中加水或細(xì)沙的目的是_ 。3、用途：氧氣的兩個重要用途是_ 和_ 。4、危害：氧氣對人也有有害的一面，如緩慢氧化造成_、_ 。注意 ：火焰是氣態(tài)物質(zhì)燃燒時產(chǎn)生的特有現(xiàn)象。一般可燃性氣體和熔沸點較低易汽化的固體、production safety situation, potential accident isdiscovered in time to propose measures toeliminate them,

14、to stopillegal operations. Do not scatter in an emergency, to stop their work, and to immediately report to the management. 5 participate i n workshop equipment, changes in technologyprogramme and review of roasting temperaturecurve i s modified, to comply withsafety requirements and product require

15、ments. 6 participate in any accident investigation, a nalysis, and findout the reason, responsibility and come upwith preventive measures, and shall promptly report to the leadership or a uthority. 7, making maintenance, shutdown, workprogramme, in particular when process changes, mapping work well

16、beforestart.Level 1 employee safety responsibilities, conscientiously study the relevant safety instructions, rules and safety procedures, mastering the post operating rules;2, must wear PPE as required operation, properuse a nd proper storage of protective equi pment and fire-fighting equipment; 3,

17、 work will focuson safety, stabloperation and strictly observe labour di scipline and process discipline and conscientiously records, gang, leave, is strictly prohibited in thepost, notsleeping,slapstick and ot herdisci plinary matters, to discourage the illegal actionsof others and .2, r esponsible

18、 for fire analysis and enter theTower, tanks of gas metering and analysis data reporte d to the authorities. 3, responsible for acci dent investigation, statistics and reporting work.1 electrical safety responsibilities, conscientiously study and a bideby thesafety rules and regulations, in stri ct

19、compliance with theprohibitions and provisionsof safety, perform guardduties. 2,before theoperation, wear appropriate PPE, implement security measures, issuingsafety permits, inspecti on tools, instruments are in goodcondition. 3, any electrical appliance without inspection, shall be deemed tohave a

20、ccess to electricit y, is forbidden to touch. 4, electrical maintenance, you must stop, cutoff power, and hang up the "noclose" warning signs before theycan work. 5, good job in electricity, maintena ncerecords, easily lead to key partsof ongoing supervision and inspection of the accident.

21、exchange experience in safety, commend advanced teams and indivi duals;8, the establishment of the workshop safety managementnetwork, regular checking, arrangement of security work , workshop and team security officer role into full play9, issued strict enforcement of laborprotection articles, healt

22、h sta ndards, and do a good job post workers ' labor protecti on wear, guaranteed post workers ' safety andhealth; 10, develop emergency plans and drills are regularlyorganized. Assistant Superintendent of security responsibilities 1, Direct or of the workshop on thesafety of the unitrespons

23、ible, Deputy Director i n charge of business-wide security work; 2,seriously carry out the party and thecountry's w ork safety laws, regulations, standards, and research on safety technology, exemplary in the implementation of operational procedures and Safety Manager.10, devel opemergencyplans

24、and drills are regularly organized.Group leaders ' safety duties1 and carryout business and workshop on safety instructions and requirements, the team'soverall responsibility for the safety andpersonal safety andhealthof workers;2 organize and participate i n security activities, adhere to s

25、afety, beforeclass to che ck security, after summingup the security system;3, responsible for new workers (including internships, a ccompanying staff) job safety, e ducation and the right to stop wit hout the third-level education a ndsafety assessment of qualified workers operate independently; 4,

26、found accidentssigns and accidents take effective measures toprevent the situation from expanding and re porting ; shall immediately report theaccident and organi zed rescue, protect the scene, makedetailed records,partici pate in accide nt investigations,organize workers toanalyzethe cause of the a

27、ccident, the implementation of preventive measures;5, engaging in obvi ousdanger or seri ous violations of the ementitled to stop the operationof the procedure s and arrangementspost operator, report to the leadership; 6 so as to improve safety and fire fighting facilities, equipment inspections and

28、 maintenance work, remain flexible to use , check the worker reasonableuseof personal protective equi pment, and proper useof fire fighting equipment. 7, focus on team-building, improve management levelof teams. Kee p the work site tidy, clean, realization of civilization, and do ideological and pol

29、itical work team; 8 so as to improve track safety contest,commend the advanced ex periences. Craft safety responsibilities 1, responsible for their own safety in the context of work, ensure thesafety and reliability of the technical w ork. 2, i s responsible for the preparation of technical specific

30、ations for the unit's security andsafety management system. In thepreparati on of start up, shut down, or when equipment maintenance, techni cal feasibility, tohave reliable health and safety measures and inspection of the implementation. 3, in the areaof staff security techniqueand safety train

31、ing, organization of technical training activities, regular assessment. 4, often goes into the field to check液體，燃燒時有火焰， 如 _、_、_等，不易汽化的固體物質(zhì)，如_ 、_等，燃燒時沒有火焰。考點三 . 氧氣的實驗室制法（1） 工業(yè)制氧氣分離液態(tài)空氣法（原理： 利用氮氣和氧氣的不同， 屬于變化）（2） 實驗室制取氧氣反應(yīng)原理：（反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為）過氧化氫溶液中加入二氧化錳在氯酸鉀中加入二氧化錳（加熱）加熱高錳酸鉀發(fā)生裝置：用過氧化氫制取氧氣用型，因為；用氯酸鉀和高錳酸鉀制氧氣則

32、用型，因為。收集方法：（氧氣不易溶于水）或（氧氣的密度比空氣）操作步驟：檢驗與驗滿：用的小木條放在或，觀察木條是否。注意事項：a 試管口要 _ ，以防止 _ 。b 用排水法收集完畢， 先 _ 再 _，以防止 _ 。c 在加熱高錳酸鉀的試管中塞棉花的目的是_ 。d 向上排空氣法收集氣體時，導(dǎo)管要伸到集氣瓶底是為了_ 。碳和碳的氧化物考點一、碳單質(zhì)的物理性質(zhì)和用途碳單質(zhì)存在形式主要有、和，由于它們的不同，導(dǎo)致它們在性質(zhì)上有很大差異。它們之間的轉(zhuǎn)化是變化。1. 金剛石是自然界中的物質(zhì)，它可用鉆探機的鉆頭是由于它，可做鉆石是由于它。2. 石墨是的礦物，有感，可用做，質(zhì)軟，可做，有優(yōu)良的性，可用做等。3

33、. 活性炭具有的結(jié)構(gòu)，有很強的性，可做冰箱 _，防毒面具，自來水廠用活性炭來 _?？键c二、單質(zhì)碳的化學(xué)性質(zhì)：1、常溫下，碳的化學(xué)性質(zhì)，隨著溫度的升高，碳的活動性大大增強。2、可燃性： 氧氣充足時， 發(fā)生反應(yīng)：；氧氣不足時， 發(fā)生反應(yīng)。production safety situation, potential accident is discovered in time to propose measures to eliminate them, to stop illegal operations.Do not scatter in an emergency, to stop their w

34、ork, and to immediately report to the management. 5 participate in work shop equi pment, changes in technologyprogramme and review of roasting temperature curve i s modifie d, to comply withsafety requirements and product requirements.6 partici pate in any acci de nt investigation, analysis, a nd fi

35、nd out the reason, responsibility and come upwith preventive measures, and shall promptly report to toperation and strictlyobserve labour disci pline andprocessdiscipline and conscientiously records, gang, leave, isstrictly pr ohi bited in the post, not sleeping, slapstick and ot her di sciplinary m

36、atters, todiscourage the illegal actions of others and . 2, responsible for fire analysis and enter the Tower, tanks of gas metering and analysis data reporte d to the authorities. 3, responsible for acci dent investigation, statistics and reporting w ork. 1 electrica l safety responsibilitie s, con

37、scientiously study and abide by thesafety rules and regulations, in strict compliance with t he prohi bitions and prrecords, easily lead to key partsof ongoing supervision and inspection of the accident.2he leadership or authority. 7, making maintenaovisions of safety, perform guard duties. 2, befor

38、e tnce , shutdown, work pr ogramme, in particular whenprocesscha nges, mapping work well before start.Level 1 employee safety responsibilities, conscientiously study the relevant safety instructions, rules and safety procedures, mastering the post operating rules;2, must wear PPE as required operati

39、on, proper use and proper st orage of protective equipment and fire-fighting equipment; 3, work will focuson safety,stablehe operation, wear appropriate PPE, implementsecurity measures, issuing safety permits, inspection t ools, instruments are in good condition. 3, any electrical appli ance without

40、 inspection, shall bedeemed to have a cce ss to electricity, is forbidden to t ouch. 4, electrical maintenance, you must stop, cut off power, and hang up the "noclose" warningsignsbefore theycan w ork. 5, good job in ele ctricity, maintenance所以單質(zhì)碳做燃料時，如果不充分燃燒，不僅浪費燃料，而且還造成_ 。3、還原性： 在高溫條件下，

41、可與物反應(yīng)， 奪取氧化物里的_，生成碳的氧化物。（ 1）與金屬氧化物反應(yīng)： 焦炭與氧化鐵反應(yīng)的現(xiàn)象是： _ ，化學(xué)方程式： _ 。焦炭與氧化銅反應(yīng)的現(xiàn)象是：_， 化學(xué)方程式：_ 。判斷該反應(yīng)發(fā)生的方法是_ 。（ 2）與非金屬氧化物反應(yīng)： 高溫下碳與 CO2 反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為 _ 。以上兩個反應(yīng)都為 _（填吸熱或放熱）反應(yīng)。4、碳還原氧化銅的實驗注意事項：（ 1）試管口；（ 2）酒精燈應(yīng)用?！疽族e點】 “碳”、“炭”的區(qū)別：在描述物質(zhì)組成時用“碳”，如 _、 _等，“炭”指具體物質(zhì)，一般指_、_、_等。不同的碳單質(zhì)因原子的排列方式不同，導(dǎo)致性質(zhì)不同，但性質(zhì)是相同的。考點三、二氧化碳的實驗室制法

42、1、 實驗室制取二氧化碳的藥品是_（或）和 _，反應(yīng)的方程式：_ 。不能用鈉碳酸鈉代替石灰石的原因是_ ；不能用稀硫酸代替稀鹽酸的原因是 _ ；不能用濃鹽酸代替稀鹽酸的原因是_ 。2、 在實驗室中，制取氣體的裝置包括_和 _ 兩部分，確定氣體發(fā)生裝置是，應(yīng)考慮 _和 _。確定氣體收集裝置是，應(yīng)考慮氣體的 _（包括 _和 _）。制取 CO2 的實驗裝置可組裝如下：其中長頸漏斗下端管口應(yīng)伸入_以下，形成液封，否則生成的氣體會。發(fā)生裝置內(nèi)導(dǎo)氣管應(yīng)，是為了。集氣瓶內(nèi)導(dǎo)氣管應(yīng)伸到，是為了。3、收集 CO2 的方法是 _ ，因為，又因為 CO2，所以 CO2 不能用法收集。4、檢驗 CO2 的方法是，驗滿

43、方法是。5、制取 CO2 的步驟是 _ _ _ _ _ _exchange experience in safety, commend advanced teams and indivi duals;8, the establishment of the workshop safety managementnetwork, regular checking, arrangement of security work , workshop and team security officer role into full play9, issued strict enforcement of la

44、borprotection articles, health sta ndards, and do a good job post workers ' labor protecti on wear, guaranteed post workers ' safety andhealth; 10, develop emergency plans and drills are regularlyorganized. Assistant Superintendent of security responsibilities 1, Direct or of the workshop on

45、 thesafety of the unitresponsible, Deputy Director i n charge of business-wide security work; 2,seriously carry out the party and thecountry's w ork safety laws, regulations, standards, and research on safety technology, exemplary in the implementation of operational procedures and Safety Manage

46、r.10, devel opemergencyplans and drills are regularly organized.Group leaders ' safety duties1 and carryout business and workshop on safety instructions and requirements, the team'soverall responsibility for the safety andpersonal safety andhealthof workers;2 organize and participate i n sec

47、urity activities, adhere to safety, beforeclass to che ck security, after summingup the security system;3, responsible for new workers (including internships, a ccompanying staff) job safety, e ducation and the right to stop wit hout the third-level education a ndsafety assessment of qualified worke

48、rs operate independently; 4, found accidentssigns and accidents take effective measures toprevent the situation from expanding and re porting ; shall immediately report theaccident and organi zed rescue, protect the scene, makedetailed records,partici pate in accide nt investigations,organize worker

49、s toanalyzethe cause of the accident, the implementation of preventive measures;5, engaging in obvi ousdanger or seri ous violations of the ementitled to stop the operationof the procedure s and arrangementspost operator, report to the leadership; 6 so as to improve safety and fire fighting facilities, equipment inspections and maintenance work, remain flexible to use , check the worker reasonableuseof personal protective equi p