A Survey of Englishspeaking Countries

1、A Survey of English-speaking A Survey of English-speaking CountriesCountries英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況Textbook and Reference booksv1. The Society and Culture of Major English-speaking Countries - An Introduction 英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(mén)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(mén)v2. A Survey of Britain and U.S.A. 英美概況英美概況陳治剛，張承謨等編著，陳治剛，張承謨等編著，上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社上海外語(yǔ)教育

2、出版社v3. Survey of Britain and America 英美概況英美概況張奎武主編，吉林科學(xué)出張奎武主編，吉林科學(xué)出版社版社Teaching and LearningvPreview Class Presentation Review Preview: read with pre-assigned questionsvClass presentation: question and answer, discussion, group work, initiative and cooperationvReview: assignments on textbookContents

3、vI. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandvII. IrelandvIII. AustraliavIV. New ZealandvV. The United States of AmericavVI. CanadaA Brief Introduction to the A Brief Introduction to the United KingdomUnited KingdomLocationvSouth: France (Across the English Channel and the Strait of D

4、over)vEast and Southeast: Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark and Norway (Across the North Sea)vWest and North：the Atlantic OceanMain contentsv1. Names;v2. Major geographical features;v3. History;v4. Recent development;v5. Features of U.K. v6. The position of London1. Namesa. Official name: The United Kin

5、gdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (U.K.)b. Geographical names: Great Britain, England, the British Islesc. Four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland d. Size: 243,600m2vLaws in Wales Acts (1536): the annexation of Wales into England;vThe Act of Union (1707): the joining of Sc

6、otland into Britain;vIn 1801, the joining of Ireland into Britain, “United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland”;vAnglo-Irish Treaty (1921): the establishment of Irish Free State, as the autonomous dominion, leaving 6 counties in northern Ireland within the British Empire.vThe founding of the Republ

7、ic of Ireland (1948)2. Major geographical featuresvTopology (地形學(xué)地形學(xué))vThe country is slowly tilting with the Northwest slowly rising and the Southeast slowly sinking. vThe north and west of the country are mainly highlands, while the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 2. Major geographical featu

8、resvThe longest river: the Severn River (354km)(塞文河塞文河)vThe most important river: the Thames River (336km)(泰晤士河泰晤士河)vThe longest mountain: the Pennies(奔寧山脈奔寧山脈)，the “backbone of England”vThe highest mountain: Ben Nevis (1343km)(本尼維斯山脈本尼維斯山脈)2. Major geographical featuresvClimate: a favorable maritim

9、e climate moderated by the Atlantic Gulf Stream Features: a. mild winters and cool summers; b. steady and reliable rainfall throughout the year; c. a small range of temperature. (4-6 C in the north in winter, and 12-17 C in the south in summer)2. Major geographical featuresEnglandvThe largest, south

10、ern part of the island, covering an area of 130,000 km2, taking up 60% of the land area of the whole country.vLondon, Manchester, Birmingham and Liverpool are the major cities.London The Thames RiverLondonLondon TowerLondonSt. Paul Cathedral LondonThe House of ParliamentLondonBig BenLondonThe Britis

11、h MuseumLondonWestminster AbbeyLondonBuckingham PalaceLondonTower Bridge2. Major geographical featuresScotlandvMainly composed of mountains, lakes and islandsvcovering an area of 78,760 km2vBiggest City： GlasgowvCapital City： EdinburghvThree natural zones: the Northern Highland zone the Central Lowl

12、and zone the Southern Upland zonevLanguage: Gaelic (the old Celtic language) 蓋爾語(yǔ)蓋爾語(yǔ)ScotlandScotlandEdinburghScotlandwhiskey, tartan(格子花呢格子花呢) and bagpipeWalesvcovering an area of 20,761 km2 (about 9%) in the west of Great Britainv6% of Wales is covered with forest and much of the country is pasture, with only 12% of the area arable.vThe capital city: Cardiff.vLanguage: English, Welsh (the old Celtic la