unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells教案

1、課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells?period 1教 學(xué) 目 標(biāo)topic: hobbiesfunctions: talk about how long you have been doing thingsstructure: present prefect progressive simple past tense present progressive tensetarget language: how long have you been skating?（重點 難點）教 材 分 析target language: how

2、 long have you been skating?ive been skating since nine oclock.when did you start skating?i started skating at nine oclock.students are skating at the hilltop school.板書設(shè)計示意框圖unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? how long have you been skating?ive been skating since nine oclock.when did yo

3、u start skating?i started skating at nine oclock.students are skating at the hilltop school.時序教學(xué)操作過程設(shè)計（重點寫怎么教及學(xué)法指導(dǎo)，含課練，作業(yè)安排）step 1. present perfect progressivepresent perfect progressive tense describes an action that began in the past, continues in the present, and may continue into the future. thi

4、s tense is formed by using has/have been and the present participle of the verb (the verb form ending in -ing).the ceo has been considering a transfer to the state of texas where profits would be larger.step2. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 present perfect continuous tense過去發(fā)生的動作，剛剛結(jié)束或最近剛結(jié)束（因此，有一個結(jié)果就出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在）。注意，與現(xiàn)在完成時的不同，現(xiàn)在

5、完成時指的是狀態(tài)；而這里強調(diào)的是動作。與現(xiàn)在完成時相同的地方都是強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。一般來說，用于如下兩種情況：1.過去的動作剛剛結(jié)束，對現(xiàn)在有影響。例如： i am very tired because i have been running. 2.從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。i have been working for 8 hours. she has been waiting since last night.這里的for和since用法和現(xiàn)在完成時相同。 step3. 與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時表示到現(xiàn)在為止，動作完成了，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示的是一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，是比較如下兩個

6、句子：i have just read tolstoy's "war and peace". 我已經(jīng)讀過了托爾斯泰的戰(zhàn)爭與和平。（已經(jīng)讀完了） 課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? period 1i have been reading tolstoy's "war and peace"我一直在讀托爾斯泰的戰(zhàn)爭與和平。（從過去開始讀，現(xiàn)在還沒有讀完） 當(dāng)然，也有意思基本相同的情況：i have lived in japan for 3 years.=i have been l

7、iving in japan for 3 years.step 3. 怎樣區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時比較一下現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時。在比較這兩個時態(tài)時，關(guān)鍵在于對現(xiàn)在完成進行時的基本概念是否理解，因為對于現(xiàn)在完成時我們已經(jīng)有了一個基本的理解了?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時是一兼有現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進行時二者基本特點的時態(tài)。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成時的特點，所以它可以表示某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。由于它有現(xiàn)在進行時的特點，所以它也可以表示某一動作的延續(xù)性、臨時性、重復(fù)性、生動性乃至感情色彩?，F(xiàn)在就現(xiàn)在完成進行時的這些特點和現(xiàn)在完成時作一簡單的比較：（1）現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時皆可表示動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)

8、果，但前者所表示的結(jié)果是直接的，而后者所表示的則是最后的結(jié)果。如：we have been cleaning the classroom（a）we have cleaned the classroom（b）（a）句可譯為“我們打掃教室來著?！逼渲苯咏Y(jié)果可能是：我們身上都是灰。（b）句可以譯為“我們把教室打掃過了?！逼浣Y(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在教室很清潔，可以用了。又，（a）句表示教室剛剛打掃過，（b）句則可能表示教室是昨天打掃的。be careful! john has been painting the door（a）john has painted the door（b）（a）句表示約翰剛剛把門油漆過，

9、現(xiàn)在油漆還未干，所以你要小心。（b）句則無此含義，油漆可能已干了。（2）現(xiàn)在完成進行時有時有延續(xù)性，現(xiàn)在完成時往往沒有。如：they have been widening the road（a）they have widened the road（b）（a）句的意思是他們在加寬馬路，但尚未完工。（b）句的意思則是已完工了。有時現(xiàn)在完成時有延續(xù)性（如一些屬于持續(xù)體的動詞），但無臨時性質(zhì)。如：mr. smith has been living in london since 1978（a）mr. smith has lived in london since 1979（b）（a）句有“史密斯先生在

10、倫敦久居”的含義，（b）句則沒有。教學(xué)后記課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? period 2（知識 能力 品德）教 學(xué) 目 標(biāo)topic: hobbiesfunctions: talk about how long you have been doing thingsstructure: present prefect progressive simple past tense present progressive tenselearning strategies: inducing , cooperating （重點 難點

11、）教 材 分 析target language:how long have you been skating?ive been skating since nine oclock.when did you start skating?i started skating at nine oclock.students are skating at the hilltop school. 板書設(shè)計示意框圖unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? how long have you been skating?ive been skating s

12、ince nine oclock.when did you start skating?i started skating at nine oclock.students are skating at the hilltop school.時序教學(xué)操作過程設(shè)計（重點寫怎么教及學(xué)法指導(dǎo)，含課練，作業(yè)安排）現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時并不總是具有臨時的性質(zhì)，如：my mother has been teaching english for twenty years（a）my mother has taught english for twenty years.（b）（a）句在此并無臨時性質(zhì)，但較口

13、語化。（b）句則較為正式。又，（a）句表示動作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)并將延續(xù)下去，（b）句的動作是否延續(xù)下去，須由上下文決定，但在一般情況下都是延續(xù)下去的。（4）現(xiàn)在完成進行時往往表示動作在重復(fù)，現(xiàn)在完成時則常常不帶重復(fù)性。如：have you been meeting her lately？（a）have you met her lately？（b）（a）句有“經(jīng)常相會”之意，（b）句則沒有。（b）句如與often，every day等時間狀語連用，當(dāng)然也表示動作在重復(fù)。（5）現(xiàn)在完成進行時比較生動，有時含有明顯的感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時往往只說明一個事實，一種影響或結(jié)果，平鋪直敘，沒有什么感情色彩可言

14、。如：what have you been doing？（a）what have you done？（b）（a）句表示驚異。（b）句只是一個問題。have you been waiting long？（a）have you waited long？（b）（a）句較（b）句生動。又，（a）句比較口語化。課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? period 2i have been wanting to meet you for long（a）i have long wanted to meet you（b）（a）句比（b）句更親切，更

15、有禮貌。recently mary has been doing her work regularly（a）recently mary has done her work regularly（b）（a）句顯然是在表揚瑪麗。（b）只說明一個事實。下面還有一例，頗為有趣:who's been eating my apples？（a）who's eaten my apples？（b）（a）句有強烈的感情色彩，表示憤怒不滿，（b）句只是希望回答的一個問題。又，（a）句兼有進行時態(tài)，所以有“蘋果未被全部吃光”的意思，（b）句是完成時態(tài)，說明“蘋果一個不剩了”?，F(xiàn)在完成時是形容現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成

16、的事,比如 i have finished my homework.現(xiàn)在完成進行時是形容到現(xiàn)在為止一直在進行并且要繼續(xù)下去的事,比如i have been learning english for seven years. 這兩個時態(tài)總的來說是不同的?，F(xiàn)在完成時常常表示動作已經(jīng)完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作還要繼續(xù)下去。有的動詞只能用于現(xiàn)在完成時，不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時，如：i have known him for many years.有少數(shù)動詞確實兩種形式都有,雖有差別,但意義差別不大.又 如：i have taught here for 15 years.(時間只算到現(xiàn)在,但很有可能還要

17、在這兒教下去.) i have been teaching here for 15 years.(我一直還要教下去.)一些常見的愛好和特別愛好whats your hobby?what are the most common hobbies? (最常見的愛好有哪些呢？)1）common hobbies:collecting stamps; collecting shells; playing ball games（球類運動）; playing pc games（玩電腦游戲）; surfing the internet(上網(wǎng)); listeningto music; watching engli

18、sh movies; 2）unusual hobbies: collecting old coins; collecting snow globes; making kites; what hobby would you like to try?教學(xué)后記課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? period 3（知識 能力 品德）教 學(xué) 目 標(biāo)topic: hobbiesfunctions: talk about how long you have been doing thingsstructure: present prefect

19、 progressive simple past tense present progressive tensetarget language: when did you start skating?i started skating at nine oclock.（重點 難點）教 材 分 析mind yard dish poster take order annoy, cut in line, right away, in a minute cleaning the yard , playing baseball, turning down the music, getting up, do

20、ing the dishes, wearing jeans, cleaning your room, getting out of the bathroom, babysit, wash, have to, library, bike, homework, movie, tonight, late, great, terrible, haircut 板書設(shè)計示意框圖unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? mind yard dish poster take order annoy, cut in line, right away, in

21、 a minute cleaning the yard , playing baseball, turning down the music, getting up, doing the dishes, wearing jeans, cleaning your room, getting out of the bathroom, babysit, wash, have to, library, bike, homework, movie, tonight, late, great, terrible, haircut時序教學(xué)操作過程設(shè)計（重點寫怎么教及學(xué)法指導(dǎo)，含課練，作業(yè)安排）現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)

22、在完成進行時現(xiàn)在進行時：表示一個正在進行的動作,但不表明動作從什么時候開始的。examples: he is waiting over there. matthew is study chinese in beijing. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時: a.現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示一個過去開始的并且現(xiàn)在仍在進行的動作。examples: he has been waiting over there since 2:00. for the last three months, matthew has been studying chinese. b.現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示一個進行了很長時間并且剛剛完成了的動作。exa

23、mples: oh, there you are! i have been looking for you everywhere. c.與現(xiàn)在完成進行時搭配的時間副詞: since, for, all/week/month/year, in the past week/few months/few years, recently, lately 現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成時：可表明發(fā)生動作的具體數(shù)字和次數(shù)。examples: he has tried to pass the exam twice. 課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting s

24、hells? period 3現(xiàn)在完成進行時：不表明發(fā)生動作的具體數(shù)字和次數(shù)。examples: he has been trying to pass the exam all month. how 疑問句how,主要用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句，可以詢問身體健康。如：how is your mother today? 你媽媽今天身體好嗎？還可以詢問交通方式。如：how does li lei usually go to school? 李雷通常怎樣去學(xué)校？可以詢問天氣。如：how is the weather today? 今天天氣怎么樣？how后面跟不同的形容詞或副詞，同樣可以引導(dǎo)含義不同的特殊疑問

25、句，如how old, how long, how often 等。how old主要用來詢問年齡。如：how old is mr wang? 王先生多大年齡？可以用來詢問建筑物的年頭、歷史等。如：how old is this bridge? 這座橋有多少年的歷史了？how long用來詢問長度。如：how long is the yellow river? 黃河有多長？how long還能詢問時間長短,如：how long does it take you to go to work by bike every day? 你每天騎自行車上班花多長時間？how often主要用來對動作發(fā)生的

26、頻率進行提問。如：how often do you go to see your grandma? 你多長時間去看你的奶奶？how many主要對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量進行提問。如：how many people are there in your family? 你家里有幾口人？how much問不可數(shù)名詞的量，如：how much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水？教學(xué)后記課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? period 4（知識 能力 品德）教 學(xué) 目 標(biāo)topic: hobbiesfun

27、ctions: talk about how long you have been doing thingsstructure: present prefect progressive simple past tense present progressive tensetarget language: how long have you been skating?ive been skating since nine oclock.（重點 難點）教 材 分 析mind yard dish poster take order annoy, cut in line, right away, in

28、 a minute cleaning the yard , playing baseball, turning down the music, getting up, doing the dishes, wearing jeans, cleaning your room, getting out of the bathroom, babysit, wash, have to, library, bike, homework, movie, tonight, late, great, terrible, haircut板書設(shè)計示意框圖unit 6 how long have you been c

29、ollecting shells?mind yard dish poster take order annoy, cut in line, right away, in a minute cleaning the yard , playing baseball, turning down the music, getting up, doing the dishes, wearing jeans, cleaning your room, getting out of the bathroom, babysit, wash, have to, library, bike, homework, m

30、ovie, tonight, late, great, terrible, haircut時序教學(xué)操作過程設(shè)計（重點寫怎么教及學(xué)法指導(dǎo)，含課練，作業(yè)安排）1. we_each other since he _here. a. didn't see; left b. haven't seen; left c. haven't seen; has left d. wasn't seen; left since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句要用一般過去時。答案選b。 for +時間段；since +時間點they have lived in beijing

31、 for five years.they have lived in beijing since 1995.i have learned english for ten years.for和since經(jīng)常用在現(xiàn)在完成時中表示時間，for表示的是時間的長度，例如，for 6 months, for 20 years.；而since表示的是從過去的某時間點，例如：since1960, since monday.。另外，for可以用在任何時態(tài)，而since一般只用在完成時。since 和 forsince 跟 for 的用法. 這個兩個字常常跟現(xiàn)在完成式句子一起用. since表示 "自從

32、一個特定的時間開始", for 表示 "時間持續(xù)了多久". 比較這兩個連詞的用法. m: henry and kate have been married since 1962. f: they have been married for a long time. m: henry and kate have lived in seattle since 196課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? period 4f: they have lived in seattle for a long tim

33、e. m: henry has worked as a fireman since 1970. f: he has worked as a fireman for many years. 下面這組練習(xí)是由老師問你一個問題, 然后, 他提出一個特定的時間請你用since 跟這個特定的時間回答問題. 這些問題都是跟亨利作救火員有關(guān)系的.每作完一句就請你聽正確答案. m: has henry wanted to be a fireman? m: he was a child. f: henry has wanted to be a fireman since he was a child. m: h

34、as henry worked as a fireman for a long time? m: 1970 f: henry has worked as a fireman since 1970. m: has henry ever worked for the city government? m: he got married. f: henry has worked for the city government since he got married. m: has henry been very busy with his job? m: last month f: henry h

35、as been very busy with his job since last month. 在下面一組練習(xí)里老師問學(xué)生一些有關(guān)凱特當(dāng)教員的問題, 每問一句, 老師就提出一個指明時間長短的詞組, 請學(xué)生用 for 跟這個詞組來回答問題. 請你在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時候也一起作. m: how long has kate been a teacher? m: a long time f: she's been a teacher for a long time. m: how long has kate taught in elementary school? m: many years f

36、: kate's taught in elementary school for many years. m: how long has kate taught this year? m: 6 months f: kate's taught for six months this year. f: kate's been in school for 4 hours today. 教學(xué)后記課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? period 5（知識 能力 品德）教 學(xué) 目 標(biāo)topic: hobbiesfun

37、ctions: talk about how long you have been doing thingsstructure: present prefect progressive simple past tense present progressive tensehow long have you been skating?ive been skating since nine oclock.（重點 難點）教 材 分 析target language:how long have you been skating?ive been skating since nine oclock.wh

38、en did you start skating?i started skating at nine oclock.students are skating at the hilltop school.板書設(shè)計示意框圖unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? how long have you been skating?ive been skating since nine oclock.when did you start skating?i started skating at nine oclock.students are ska

39、ting at the hilltop school.時序教學(xué)操作過程設(shè)計（重點寫怎么教及學(xué)法指導(dǎo)，含課練，作業(yè)安排）練習(xí)教師念一個現(xiàn)在完成式否定句,提出一個表明時間的詞組, 要求把這個詞組用進原來的句子里. 注意凡是指明特定的時間，就必須用 since, 凡是說明時間長短的詞組,就必須用 for. 每做完一句聽老師念正確答案. 看做對了沒有. m: henry hasn't seen his cousin, susan. m: last year f: henry hasn't seen his cousin, susan, since last year. m: henry hasn't written to his daughter, jenny. m: two weeks f: henry hasn't written to his daughter, jenny, for two weeks. m: henry hasn't eaten any meat. m: last week f: henry hasn't eaten a