unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells教案

1、課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells?period 1教 學(xué) 目 標(biāo)topic: hobbiesfunctions: talk about how long you have been doing thingsstructure: present prefect progressive simple past tense present progressive tensetarget language: how long have you been skating?（重點(diǎn) 難點(diǎn)）教 材 分 析target language: how

2、 long have you been skating?ive been skating since nine oclock.when did you start skating?i started skating at nine oclock.students are skating at the hilltop school.板書設(shè)計(jì)示意框圖unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? how long have you been skating?ive been skating since nine oclock.when did yo

3、u start skating?i started skating at nine oclock.students are skating at the hilltop school.時(shí)序教學(xué)操作過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)（重點(diǎn)寫怎么教及學(xué)法指導(dǎo)，含課練，作業(yè)安排）step 1. present perfect progressivepresent perfect progressive tense describes an action that began in the past, continues in the present, and may continue into the future. thi

4、s tense is formed by using has/have been and the present participle of the verb (the verb form ending in -ing).the ceo has been considering a transfer to the state of texas where profits would be larger.step2. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) present perfect continuous tense過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，剛剛結(jié)束或最近剛結(jié)束（因此，有一個(gè)結(jié)果就出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在）。注意，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的不同，現(xiàn)在

5、完成時(shí)指的是狀態(tài)；而這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作。與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相同的地方都是強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，用于如下兩種情況：1.過(guò)去的動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。例如： i am very tired because i have been running. 2.從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。i have been working for 8 hours. she has been waiting since last night.這里的for和since用法和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相同。 step3. 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到現(xiàn)在為止，動(dòng)作完成了，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的是一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，是比較如下兩個(gè)

6、句子：i have just read tolstoy's "war and peace". 我已經(jīng)讀過(guò)了托爾斯泰的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平。（已經(jīng)讀完了） 課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? period 1i have been reading tolstoy's "war and peace"我一直在讀托爾斯泰的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平。（從過(guò)去開(kāi)始讀，現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有讀完） 當(dāng)然，也有意思基本相同的情況：i have lived in japan for 3 years.=i have been l

7、iving in japan for 3 years.step 3. 怎樣區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較一下現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。在比較這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本概念是否理解，因?yàn)閷?duì)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)我們已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)基本的理解了。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是一兼有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)二者基本特點(diǎn)的時(shí)態(tài)。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，所以它可以表示某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。由于它有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，所以它也可以表示某一動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性、臨時(shí)性、重復(fù)性、生動(dòng)性乃至感情色彩。現(xiàn)在就現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的這些特點(diǎn)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)作一簡(jiǎn)單的比較：（1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)皆可表示動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)

8、果，但前者所表示的結(jié)果是直接的，而后者所表示的則是最后的結(jié)果。如：we have been cleaning the classroom（a）we have cleaned the classroom（b）（a）句可譯為“我們打掃教室來(lái)著?！逼渲苯咏Y(jié)果可能是：我們身上都是灰。（b）句可以譯為“我們把教室打掃過(guò)了?！逼浣Y(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在教室很清潔，可以用了。又，（a）句表示教室剛剛打掃過(guò)，（b）句則可能表示教室是昨天打掃的。be careful! john has been painting the door（a）john has painted the door（b）（a）句表示約翰剛剛把門油漆過(guò)，

9、現(xiàn)在油漆還未干，所以你要小心。（b）句則無(wú)此含義，油漆可能已干了。（2）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)有延續(xù)性，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往沒(méi)有。如：they have been widening the road（a）they have widened the road（b）（a）句的意思是他們?cè)诩訉採(cǎi)R路，但尚未完工。（b）句的意思則是已完工了。有時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有延續(xù)性（如一些屬于持續(xù)體的動(dòng)詞），但無(wú)臨時(shí)性質(zhì)。如：mr. smith has been living in london since 1978（a）mr. smith has lived in london since 1979（b）（a）句有“史密斯先生在

10、倫敦久居”的含義，（b）句則沒(méi)有。教學(xué)后記課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? period 2（知識(shí) 能力 品德）教 學(xué) 目 標(biāo)topic: hobbiesfunctions: talk about how long you have been doing thingsstructure: present prefect progressive simple past tense present progressive tenselearning strategies: inducing , cooperating （重點(diǎn) 難點(diǎn)

11、）教 材 分 析target language:how long have you been skating?ive been skating since nine oclock.when did you start skating?i started skating at nine oclock.students are skating at the hilltop school. 板書設(shè)計(jì)示意框圖unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? how long have you been skating?ive been skating s

12、ince nine oclock.when did you start skating?i started skating at nine oclock.students are skating at the hilltop school.時(shí)序教學(xué)操作過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)（重點(diǎn)寫怎么教及學(xué)法指導(dǎo)，含課練，作業(yè)安排）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)并不總是具有臨時(shí)的性質(zhì)，如：my mother has been teaching english for twenty years（a）my mother has taught english for twenty years.（b）（a）句在此并無(wú)臨時(shí)性質(zhì)，但較口

13、語(yǔ)化。（b）句則較為正式。又，（a）句表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)并將延續(xù)下去，（b）句的動(dòng)作是否延續(xù)下去，須由上下文決定，但在一般情況下都是延續(xù)下去的。（4）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。如：have you been meeting her lately？（a）have you met her lately？（b）（a）句有“經(jīng)常相會(huì)”之意，（b）句則沒(méi)有。（b）句如與often，every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，當(dāng)然也表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)。（5）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng)，有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)，一種影響或結(jié)果，平鋪直敘，沒(méi)有什么感情色彩可言

14、。如：what have you been doing？（a）what have you done？（b）（a）句表示驚異。（b）句只是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。have you been waiting long？（a）have you waited long？（b）（a）句較（b）句生動(dòng)。又，（a）句比較口語(yǔ)化。課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? period 2i have been wanting to meet you for long（a）i have long wanted to meet you（b）（a）句比（b）句更親切，更

15、有禮貌。recently mary has been doing her work regularly（a）recently mary has done her work regularly（b）（a）句顯然是在表?yè)P(yáng)瑪麗。（b）只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)。下面還有一例，頗為有趣:who's been eating my apples？（a）who's eaten my apples？（b）（a）句有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，表示憤怒不滿，（b）句只是希望回答的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。又，（a）句兼有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，所以有“蘋果未被全部吃光”的意思，（b）句是完成時(shí)態(tài)，說(shuō)明“蘋果一個(gè)不剩了”。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是形容現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成

16、的事,比如 i have finished my homework.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是形容到現(xiàn)在為止一直在進(jìn)行并且要繼續(xù)下去的事,比如i have been learning english for seven years. 這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)總的來(lái)說(shuō)是不同的。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作還要繼續(xù)下去。有的動(dòng)詞只能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，如：i have known him for many years.有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞確實(shí)兩種形式都有,雖有差別,但意義差別不大.又 如：i have taught here for 15 years.(時(shí)間只算到現(xiàn)在,但很有可能還要

17、在這兒教下去.) i have been teaching here for 15 years.(我一直還要教下去.)一些常見(jiàn)的愛(ài)好和特別愛(ài)好whats your hobby?what are the most common hobbies? (最常見(jiàn)的愛(ài)好有哪些呢？)1）common hobbies:collecting stamps; collecting shells; playing ball games（球類運(yùn)動(dòng)）; playing pc games（玩電腦游戲）; surfing the internet(上網(wǎng)); listeningto music; watching engli

18、sh movies; 2）unusual hobbies: collecting old coins; collecting snow globes; making kites; what hobby would you like to try?教學(xué)后記課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? period 3（知識(shí) 能力 品德）教 學(xué) 目 標(biāo)topic: hobbiesfunctions: talk about how long you have been doing thingsstructure: present prefect

19、 progressive simple past tense present progressive tensetarget language: when did you start skating?i started skating at nine oclock.（重點(diǎn) 難點(diǎn)）教 材 分 析mind yard dish poster take order annoy, cut in line, right away, in a minute cleaning the yard , playing baseball, turning down the music, getting up, do

20、ing the dishes, wearing jeans, cleaning your room, getting out of the bathroom, babysit, wash, have to, library, bike, homework, movie, tonight, late, great, terrible, haircut 板書設(shè)計(jì)示意框圖unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? mind yard dish poster take order annoy, cut in line, right away, in

21、 a minute cleaning the yard , playing baseball, turning down the music, getting up, doing the dishes, wearing jeans, cleaning your room, getting out of the bathroom, babysit, wash, have to, library, bike, homework, movie, tonight, late, great, terrible, haircut時(shí)序教學(xué)操作過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)（重點(diǎn)寫怎么教及學(xué)法指導(dǎo)，含課練，作業(yè)安排）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)

22、在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,但不表明動(dòng)作從什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的。examples: he is waiting over there. matthew is study chinese in beijing. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí): a.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去開(kāi)始的并且現(xiàn)在仍在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。examples: he has been waiting over there since 2:00. for the last three months, matthew has been studying chinese. b.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)進(jìn)行了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間并且剛剛完成了的動(dòng)作。exa

23、mples: oh, there you are! i have been looking for you everywhere. c.與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)搭配的時(shí)間副詞: since, for, all/week/month/year, in the past week/few months/few years, recently, lately 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：可表明發(fā)生動(dòng)作的具體數(shù)字和次數(shù)。examples: he has tried to pass the exam twice. 課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting s

24、hells? period 3現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：不表明發(fā)生動(dòng)作的具體數(shù)字和次數(shù)。examples: he has been trying to pass the exam all month. how 疑問(wèn)句how,主要用來(lái)引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句，可以詢問(wèn)身體健康。如：how is your mother today? 你媽媽今天身體好嗎？還可以詢問(wèn)交通方式。如：how does li lei usually go to school? 李雷通常怎樣去學(xué)校？可以詢問(wèn)天氣。如：how is the weather today? 今天天氣怎么樣？how后面跟不同的形容詞或副詞，同樣可以引導(dǎo)含義不同的特殊疑問(wèn)

25、句，如how old, how long, how often 等。how old主要用來(lái)詢問(wèn)年齡。如：how old is mr wang? 王先生多大年齡？可以用來(lái)詢問(wèn)建筑物的年頭、歷史等。如：how old is this bridge? 這座橋有多少年的歷史了？how long用來(lái)詢問(wèn)長(zhǎng)度。如：how long is the yellow river? 黃河有多長(zhǎng)？how long還能詢問(wèn)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短,如：how long does it take you to go to work by bike every day? 你每天騎自行車上班花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？how often主要用來(lái)對(duì)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的

26、頻率進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。如：how often do you go to see your grandma? 你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間去看你的奶奶？how many主要對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。如：how many people are there in your family? 你家里有幾口人？how much問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞的量，如：how much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水？教學(xué)后記課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? period 4（知識(shí) 能力 品德）教 學(xué) 目 標(biāo)topic: hobbiesfun

27、ctions: talk about how long you have been doing thingsstructure: present prefect progressive simple past tense present progressive tensetarget language: how long have you been skating?ive been skating since nine oclock.（重點(diǎn) 難點(diǎn)）教 材 分 析mind yard dish poster take order annoy, cut in line, right away, in

28、 a minute cleaning the yard , playing baseball, turning down the music, getting up, doing the dishes, wearing jeans, cleaning your room, getting out of the bathroom, babysit, wash, have to, library, bike, homework, movie, tonight, late, great, terrible, haircut板書設(shè)計(jì)示意框圖unit 6 how long have you been c

29、ollecting shells?mind yard dish poster take order annoy, cut in line, right away, in a minute cleaning the yard , playing baseball, turning down the music, getting up, doing the dishes, wearing jeans, cleaning your room, getting out of the bathroom, babysit, wash, have to, library, bike, homework, m

30、ovie, tonight, late, great, terrible, haircut時(shí)序教學(xué)操作過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)（重點(diǎn)寫怎么教及學(xué)法指導(dǎo)，含課練，作業(yè)安排）1. we_each other since he _here. a. didn't see; left b. haven't seen; left c. haven't seen; has left d. wasn't seen; left since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。答案選b。 for +時(shí)間段；since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)they have lived in beijing

31、 for five years.they have lived in beijing since 1995.i have learned english for ten years.for和since經(jīng)常用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中表示時(shí)間，for表示的是時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度，例如，for 6 months, for 20 years.；而since表示的是從過(guò)去的某時(shí)間點(diǎn)，例如：since1960, since monday.。另外，for可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)，而since一般只用在完成時(shí)。since 和 forsince 跟 for 的用法. 這個(gè)兩個(gè)字常常跟現(xiàn)在完成式句子一起用. since表示 "自從

32、一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間開(kāi)始", for 表示 "時(shí)間持續(xù)了多久". 比較這兩個(gè)連詞的用法. m: henry and kate have been married since 1962. f: they have been married for a long time. m: henry and kate have lived in seattle since 196課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? period 4f: they have lived in seattle for a long tim

33、e. m: henry has worked as a fireman since 1970. f: he has worked as a fireman for many years. 下面這組練習(xí)是由老師問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題, 然后, 他提出一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間請(qǐng)你用since 跟這個(gè)特定的時(shí)間回答問(wèn)題. 這些問(wèn)題都是跟亨利作救火員有關(guān)系的.每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)正確答案. m: has henry wanted to be a fireman? m: he was a child. f: henry has wanted to be a fireman since he was a child. m: h

34、as henry worked as a fireman for a long time? m: 1970 f: henry has worked as a fireman since 1970. m: has henry ever worked for the city government? m: he got married. f: henry has worked for the city government since he got married. m: has henry been very busy with his job? m: last month f: henry h

35、as been very busy with his job since last month. 在下面一組練習(xí)里老師問(wèn)學(xué)生一些有關(guān)凱特當(dāng)教員的問(wèn)題, 每問(wèn)一句, 老師就提出一個(gè)指明時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短的詞組, 請(qǐng)學(xué)生用 for 跟這個(gè)詞組來(lái)回答問(wèn)題. 請(qǐng)你在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候也一起作. m: how long has kate been a teacher? m: a long time f: she's been a teacher for a long time. m: how long has kate taught in elementary school? m: many years f

36、: kate's taught in elementary school for many years. m: how long has kate taught this year? m: 6 months f: kate's taught for six months this year. f: kate's been in school for 4 hours today. 教學(xué)后記課題unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? period 5（知識(shí) 能力 品德）教 學(xué) 目 標(biāo)topic: hobbiesfun

37、ctions: talk about how long you have been doing thingsstructure: present prefect progressive simple past tense present progressive tensehow long have you been skating?ive been skating since nine oclock.（重點(diǎn) 難點(diǎn)）教 材 分 析target language:how long have you been skating?ive been skating since nine oclock.wh

38、en did you start skating?i started skating at nine oclock.students are skating at the hilltop school.板書設(shè)計(jì)示意框圖unit 6 how long have you been collecting shells? how long have you been skating?ive been skating since nine oclock.when did you start skating?i started skating at nine oclock.students are ska

39、ting at the hilltop school.時(shí)序教學(xué)操作過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)（重點(diǎn)寫怎么教及學(xué)法指導(dǎo)，含課練，作業(yè)安排）練習(xí)教師念一個(gè)現(xiàn)在完成式否定句,提出一個(gè)表明時(shí)間的詞組, 要求把這個(gè)詞組用進(jìn)原來(lái)的句子里. 注意凡是指明特定的時(shí)間，就必須用 since, 凡是說(shuō)明時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短的詞組,就必須用 for. 每做完一句聽(tīng)老師念正確答案. 看做對(duì)了沒(méi)有. m: henry hasn't seen his cousin, susan. m: last year f: henry hasn't seen his cousin, susan, since last year. m: henry hasn't written to his daughter, jenny. m: two weeks f: henry hasn't written to his daughter, jenny, for two weeks. m: henry hasn't eaten any meat. m: last week f: henry hasn't eaten a