簡單句五種基本句型

1、 英語句子成分英語句子的基本成分有七種：英語句子的基本成分有七種： 主語（主語（subject） 謂語（謂語（predicate） 賓語（賓語（object） 表語（表語（predicative） 定語（定語（attribute） 狀語狀語 （adverbial） 補足語補足語 （complement）主語（subject） 語主是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般語主是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。名詞、代詞、動名詞（位于句首。名詞、代詞、動名詞（doing）、不定式（）、不定式（to do）可作主語。）可作主語。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She

2、went to a farm yesterday. Running is good for health. To see is to believe.謂語（predicate） 謂語謂語說明主語的動作或所處的狀態(tài)。說明主語的動作或所處的狀態(tài)。 謂語一般在主語之后。謂語由謂語一般在主語之后。謂語由簡單動簡單動詞詞或或動詞短語動詞短語（助動詞或情態(tài)動詞（助動詞或情態(tài)動詞主要動詞）構(gòu)成。主要動詞）構(gòu)成。 I eat breakfast at 7:00. He can speak English well. They dont like noodles. 賓語（object） 賓語賓語表示動作的承受者

3、，一般位于表示動作的承受者，一般位于及及物動詞物動詞的后面。的后面。名詞、代詞、動名詞（名詞、代詞、動名詞（doing）、不定式（）、不定式（to do）可作賓語。）可作賓語。 I like my job. I love you. He wants to leave right now. They enjoyed reading in the library.表語（predicative） 表語的功能是表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)表語的功能是表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)等，放在系動詞后面。我們學(xué)過的系等，放在系動詞后面。我們學(xué)過的系動詞有動詞有: be, turn , get, keep, feel, sou

4、nd , look , taste等等。 My mother is a teacher. Strawberries turn red in May. That sounds great. The soup tastes good.定語（attribute） 定語定語對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用，對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用，漢語中常用漢語中常用“的的”表示。表示。可作定語可作定語的有的有: 形容詞、名詞、代詞、動名詞、形容詞、名詞、代詞、動名詞、不定式等。不定式等。 He is a lazy boy. Mary is a math teacher. He is my friend. We of

5、ten swim in the swimming pool. Library is a good place to read books.狀語 （adverbial） 狀語是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞以及狀語是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞以及全句的句子成分。全句的句子成分。表示方式、因果、表示方式、因果、條件、時間、地點、程度、目的等。條件、時間、地點、程度、目的等。 可作狀語的有副詞、介詞短語、不定可作狀語的有副詞、介詞短語、不定式等。副詞最常用作狀語，位置比較式等。副詞最常用作狀語，位置比較靈活，可置句末、句首和句中。靈活，可置句末、句首和句中。 She sings well. He is very

6、 handsome. I often do my homework on weekends. To get there, you can take NO. 7 bus. Luckily, it didnt rain and the sun came out again.補足語 （complement） 補足語用來補充說明賓語或主語的性補足語用來補充說明賓語或主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)。分為賓語補足語和主語補質(zhì)、狀態(tài)。分為賓語補足語和主語補足語。足語。 I find the book interesting. Please keep the classroom clean. The teacher ask

7、ed me to answer the question.英語句子五種基本句型 第一種：第一種：S + V 主語主語+ +謂語謂語( (不及物動詞不及物動詞) ) 第二種：第二種：S + V + O 主語主語+ +謂語謂語( (及物動詞及物動詞)+)+賓語賓語 第三種：第三種：S + V + P 主語主語+ +謂語（系動詞）謂語（系動詞）+ +表語表語 第四種：第四種：S + V + O1 + O2 主語主語+ +謂語謂語( (及物動詞及物動詞)+)+間接賓語間接賓語+ +直接賓語直接賓語 第五種：第五種：S + V + O + O-C 主語主語+ +謂語謂語( (及物動詞及物動詞)+)+賓語

8、賓語+ +賓語補語賓語補語1 1eg. The girlcame. eg. Itrained. * *主語主語可以有修飾語（即可以有修飾語（即定語定語）* *謂語謂語可以有修飾語（即可以有修飾語（即狀語狀語）eg. The lovely girl came early. eg. It rained hard yesterday. 2 2eg. ShelikesEnglish.eg. Whoknowsthe answer?eg. Ienjoylistening to music. eg. Wehopeto see you again.3 3eg. Sheisbeautiful eg. Iama

9、teacher. eg. The booksareon the desk. eg. Helookshappy. eg. The foodtastesdelicious.4 4eg. Sheboughtmea book yesterday. eg. Mr. Greenteachesusmusic. eg. My grandmatoldmea story.eg. Tomshowedhis friendsthe photos. 一般情況下，間接賓語是人，直接賓語是一般情況下，間接賓語是人，直接賓語是物。間接賓語位于直接賓語的的前面。物。間接賓語位于直接賓語的的前面。有時根據(jù)強調(diào)需要，間接賓語可位于直

10、接有時根據(jù)強調(diào)需要，間接賓語可位于直接賓語之后，這時要在間接賓語前加賓語之后，這時要在間接賓語前加toto或或forfor。eg. She bought me a book yesterday. = She bought a book for me yesterday. eg. My grandma told me a story. = My grandma told a story to me.eg. Dave showed his friends the photos. = Dave showed the photos to his friends.5 5eg. The sunkeepsu

11、swarm. eg. IheardAlicesinging.eg. Tomhelpedhis momto cook dinner.有些動詞，后面接了賓語，也不能表達(dá)完整有些動詞，后面接了賓語，也不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還需要再加一個賓語的補足語加以的意思，還需要再加一個賓語的補足語加以解釋說明解釋說明 ，使意思完整。，使意思完整。Exercise 1 They know him. The children are asleep. The man told the little boy to go home. I dont know. 主語主語謂語謂語 表語表語主語主語賓語賓語謂語謂語謂語謂語主語主

12、語謂語謂語主語主語賓語賓語賓補賓補Exercise 1 Ms Wu teaches us Chinese. The soup tastes delicious. I saw the boy playing soccer. He showed me his photos. 主語主語主語主語主語主語主語主語賓語賓語直賓直賓直賓直賓間賓間賓間賓間賓賓補賓補表語表語謂語謂語謂語謂語謂語謂語謂語謂語Exercise 2 She often dances in the park. I paid him three yuan. The clever boy studies very hard. He wan

13、ted you to go with him.狀語狀語狀語狀語定語定語賓補賓補直賓直賓 She often dances in the park. I paid him three yuan. The clever boy studies very hard. He wanted you to go with him. She often dances in the park. I paid him three yuan. The clever boy studies very hard. He wanted you to go with him. She often dances in th

14、e park. I paid him three yuan. The clever boy studies very hard. He wanted you to go with him. She often dances in the park. I paid him three yuan. The clever boy studies very hard. He wanted you to go with him. She often dances in the park. I paid him three yuan. The clever boy studies very hard. He wanted you to go with him. She often dances in the park. I paid him three