不定代詞(the_indefinite_pronoun)用法

1、語法難點(diǎn)精析之非謂語動(dòng)詞（1）非謂語動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、的動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中做主語、的賓語、的賓語補(bǔ)足語、的定語、的狀語、的表語以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來區(qū)分其用法和細(xì)微含義。1不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別 (1)動(dòng)名詞作主語通常表示抽象動(dòng)作；而不定式作主語表示具體動(dòng)作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here這里禁止抽煙。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。(具體) (2)動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，通常用以表示一件已

2、知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。(經(jīng)驗(yàn)) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰時(shí)刻開車令人厭煩。(經(jīng)驗(yàn)) （3）不定式做主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2不定式、的動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語的區(qū)別 (1)不定式作表語 1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來的動(dòng)作。To do two things at a ti

3、me is to do neither-次做兩件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開始干。2）如果主語是不定式（表示條件），表語也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）。 To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。To work means to earn a living工作就是為了生活。 3)如果主語是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語是對(duì)主語起補(bǔ)充說明作用。

4、 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來買一輛豪華轎車。 The function of Louis Sullivans architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant 語法難點(diǎn)精析之非謂

5、語動(dòng)詞（2） (2)動(dòng)名詞作表語：動(dòng)名詞作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為。 Our work is serving the people我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。His hobby is collecting stamps他的愛好是集郵。(注)動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)迥異，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)說明動(dòng)作是由主語完成的。動(dòng)名詞做表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或情況。 People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. Hi

6、s victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected(3)分詞作表語分詞做表語有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，一種是過去分詞做表語，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)?？嫉降牡胤健Ｒ话銇碚f，表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如excite，interest等都是及物動(dòng)詞，漢語意思不是“激動(dòng)”，“高興”，而是“使激動(dòng)”、的“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動(dòng)的”、的“令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到激動(dòng)的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。換句話說，若人對(duì)感興趣，就是somebody i

7、s interested in.,若人/物本身有興趣時(shí)，就是說sb./sth. is interesting.這類詞常見的有： interesting使人感到高興-interested感到高興的 exciting令人激動(dòng)的-excited感到激動(dòng)的 delighting令人高興的-delighted感到高興的 disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人費(fèi)解的-puzzled感到費(fèi)解的 satisfying令人滿意的-sati

8、sfied感到滿意的 surprising令人驚異的-surprised感到驚異的 worrying令人擔(dān)心的-worried感到擔(dān)心的Traveling is interesting but tiring旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。 The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much如果要學(xué)生學(xué)得太多，他們會(huì)感到糊涂的。 The argument is very convincing他的論點(diǎn)很令人信服。They were very excited at the news聽到這個(gè)消息，他們非常激動(dòng)。 GCT英語非謂語動(dòng)

9、詞練習(xí)1.       in a simple style, the book clearly describes the authors childhood experiences in a small town.A. Writing          B. To be written       C. Being written    

10、0;        D. Written2. I really appreciate        to help me, but I am sure that I can manage it myself. Ayou to come  Bthat you come    Cyour coming  Dhow you come3. Australia the Asians have ma

11、de their influence       in businesses，large and small. A. feeling          B. feel              C. felt         &#

12、160;        D. to be felt4. Susan will come to watch him _ _ at Wimbledon this week. A. played          B. play      C. to play          D. playing5.

13、The issue _ at the conference is very important and it will create a sensation nationwide.   A. discussed       B. being discussed   C. is being discussed     D. has been discussed6. Weather      

14、0; ，there will be an open air party with live music here this weekend Apermits      Bshould permit       Cwill permit   Dpermitting7. If the work        by the end of this month is delayed，the co

15、nstruction company will be heavily fined.   A. is completed       B. to be completed     C. will have been completed     D. will be completed8. The manager promised to keep me        of

16、 how our business was going on. A. informed          B. informing        C. to be informed        D. having informed9. Radios today seldom need _ or the attention of a technician. A. to

17、 repair      B. repaired   C. repairing     D. to have repaired10. Far too many owners of electric appliances have a hard time        qualified repairmen to fix their machines. Afinding   Bto find

18、0;  Cto finding   Dhaving found 答案：D C C B B     D B A C A 非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法小結(jié)（1） 一、解析非謂動(dòng)詞作主語 1.不定式作主語。如： To say is easier than to do. 解析：用不定式作主語時(shí)，常表示一次性的、具體的、特指的動(dòng)作，并且用it作形式主語而將其后置。如上例可改為：It is easier to say than to do. 2.動(dòng)名詞作主語。如： Walking after supper is good for

19、 both young and old. 解析：若表示抽象的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作時(shí)常用動(dòng)名詞。 二、解析非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語 1.不定式作表語。如： What I can do is to give you some reasonable advice. The library books are not allowed to be taken away. 解析：不定式作表語時(shí)，其后接動(dòng)詞（詞組）主動(dòng)式或被動(dòng)式，與其最近的動(dòng)詞采用原形。 2.動(dòng)名詞作表語。如： His job is teaching. The most famous writings in the world are worth rea

20、ding. 解析：動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)，表語既具有動(dòng)詞特征又具有名詞性，甚至有時(shí)表語和主語可以互換。如上例可改為：Teaching is his job. 3.分詞作表語。如： The film is interesting, and my sister gets interested in it. 解析：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示主語所具有的特征，表語與主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，并且常以物作主語，譯為“某物怎么樣”；過去分詞作表語，表示主語所處的心理狀態(tài)，主語和表語之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，并且常以人作主語，譯為“某人感到怎么樣”。具有這一用法的有：surprise, interest, touch, move, p

21、uzzle, excite, tire, please, disappoint, satisfy, encourage等。 三、解析非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語 1.不定式作賓語。如：She pretended not to see me when I came in. Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening. 解析：有些動(dòng)詞之后要用不定式作賓語。表示某次具體的動(dòng)作或行為。類似的動(dòng)詞有hope, agree, choose,manage,promise,expect,determine,decide,seek,refus

22、e,arrange,desire等。 2.動(dòng)名詞作賓語。如：Would you mind my opening the window? He didnt remember having lived with his friend before. 解析：有些動(dòng)詞（詞組）后接動(dòng)名詞形式，表示動(dòng)作的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性或已經(jīng)完成。類似的詞有enjoy, keep, admit, avoid, escape, consider, delay, put off, give up等。 注意：want, need, require 等動(dòng)詞以物作主語時(shí)，其后的賓語用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)含義或用不定式的被動(dòng)式。如Those

23、young trees need watering/ to be watered.另外，還有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如mean, stop, try, cant help 等后既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞，但各自發(fā)生時(shí)間有先后。如： （1）The light in the room is still on. Oh, I forgot to turn it off. （2）Where is your pen? Oh, I remember having putting it in my bag. 四、解析非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語補(bǔ)足語 1.不定式作賓語、主語補(bǔ)足語。如： The policeman told

24、the boy not to play on the road. The old man was often seen to stand at the door of his house. 解析：諸如get, ask, beg, invite, oblige, allow, hate, wish, want, expect, like, permit, encourage, request, advise, order, persuade, cause, warn等動(dòng)詞后都可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。但hope, think, agree, insist, plan, suppose, sugge

25、st, announce, demand等動(dòng)詞不能這樣用。如果動(dòng)詞let, have, make, hear, notice, see, observe, feel, look at, listen to等，用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中時(shí)，則可以用不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語。 2.分詞作賓語、主語補(bǔ)足語。 （1）現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語、主語補(bǔ)足語。如： Toms father saw him sitting on the eggs. Soon steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes. 解析：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語、主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的賓語或主語，與邏輯主

26、語之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 （2）過去分詞作賓語、主語補(bǔ)足語。如： I had my house painted last week. Her book was found stolen when Kate came back home. 解析：過去分詞作賓語、主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，表示過去分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的賓語或主語，與邏輯主語之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。  非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法小結(jié)（2）  五、解析非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語 1.不定式作定語。如： Every day the workers have a lot of work to do.（動(dòng)賓關(guān)系） She has no wish to

27、 go with you.（同位關(guān)系） The second officer to come in was Smith.（主謂關(guān)系） This is the best way to learn a foreign language.（修飾關(guān)系） 解析：不定式作定語時(shí)通常后置，即作后置定語，表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與被修飾的名詞之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系、主謂關(guān)系或修飾關(guān)系。 2.動(dòng)名詞作主語。如： We shall have a writing competition. There is a swimming pool in the park. 解析：用動(dòng)名詞作定語，起說明被修飾名詞性質(zhì)或用途的作

28、用。 3.分詞作定語。 （1）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。如： Now there is a fire burning in the fireplace. The villagers built a road leading to the city. 解析：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，與它修飾的詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或經(jīng)常性、現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。 （2）過去分詞作定語。如： There is a village called Gum Tree far away from here. The Olympic Games, first played in 775BC, did not in

29、clude women players until 1912. 解析：過去分詞作定語時(shí)，與它所修飾的詞之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作是在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，或沒有固定的時(shí)間性。 六、解析非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語 1.不定式作狀語。如： They came to see their mother in hospital. Every one cried to hear the bad news. 解析：不定式作狀語時(shí)，可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因和條件。表目的時(shí)常用于so as to或 in order to中，但so as to 不能置于句首；表示結(jié)果時(shí)常用于enough to, too

30、to,soas to, such as to結(jié)構(gòu)中，但要注意too to結(jié)構(gòu)與only, not, never 連用時(shí)語法結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了變化，因此要擇義而用之。 2.分詞作狀語。 （1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。如： Working hard, you wont fail in the examination. Not having heard from her, I decided to write to her again. 解析：在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行或先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生或完成。因此可用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式或完成式表示，而完成式的否定式not必須置于分詞之前。相當(dāng)

31、于表示原因、條件、時(shí)間、結(jié)果、伴隨狀況等狀語從句。 注意：通?，F(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，即彼此間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。但generally speaking, strictly speaking, roughly speaking, judging from等詞組不受這種語法限制。 （2）過去分詞作狀語。如： Seen from the top of the tower, the river looks like a snake. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 解析：在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，句子的

32、主語與過去分詞之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即主語是過去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，同樣也可以表原因、條件、時(shí)間、結(jié)果、伴隨狀況等狀語從句。 七、解析分詞、從句以及獨(dú)立主格之間的不同 1.分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)，它表示分詞動(dòng)作的邏輯主語是句子的主語，連詞可以保留，也可以省略。如： When leaving the railway station, she kept silent. 2.從句結(jié)構(gòu)，從句前既有連詞也有完整的句子成分，并且主從句的主語可以相同也可以不同。如： Ann was singing while she was dancing. The flight of No. 737 had taken off befo

33、re he arrived. 3.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，并且要省略連詞，但必須保留獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語。如： All the people having been here, the leader declared the meeting open. The task finished, they would have nothing to do. 綜上所述，非謂語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)重點(diǎn)是：（1）句子的主語、賓語或表語是非謂語動(dòng)詞的主語時(shí)，非謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)式；（2）若句子的主語、賓語或表語是非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯賓語時(shí)，非謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)式。時(shí)態(tài)重點(diǎn)是：（1）若非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語

34、動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)用一般式；（2）若非謂語動(dòng)詞先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生時(shí)用完成式；（3）若謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的同時(shí)，非謂語動(dòng)作也在進(jìn)行，就用不定式進(jìn)行時(shí)。 不定代詞（the indefinite pronoun)用法 不定代詞：（the indefinite pronoun) 不定代詞是：不指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞。不定代詞有： some anybothalleitherneithernone allotherothersanotheroneeachevery fewa fewlittlea little1. some ,any 一些（人或物）。any 還有“任何（人或物）”之意。 some一般用于陳述句，a

35、ny 多用于否定句、疑問句；如： Some of us can use computer. Some say yes, and some say no. The apples are nice. Do you have some? Are any of them yours? I don't know any of them. 2. both, all, either, neither, noneboth:兩者（都）.， all:所有的人（或物）none沒有人或物(三個(gè)人或物當(dāng)中) ，用作單數(shù)either:兩者中任一個(gè)； neither: 兩者中沒有一個(gè)both: 兩者（都）.看做復(fù)數(shù)

36、 如：Both of his parents are ill. 你們倆全對(duì)。（both 說明只有兩人）Both of them aren't very beautiful. （并不是他倆都漂亮）either: 看作單數(shù)如：Either of us may（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞） join the party. 你們（兩人）中任何一個(gè)可以參加聚會(huì)。Come to my home on Friday or Saturday. Either of them is ok.周五或周六來我家吧。這兩天中，哪天都行。There's coffee or tea - you can（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞） have e

37、ither (of them).咖啡或茶你可以任選一種。neither: 兩個(gè)人或物當(dāng)中沒有一個(gè)（用作單數(shù)） 如：Neither of the twins likes music. 這對(duì)雙胞胎中沒一個(gè)喜歡音樂。 -Which do you like, tea or milk? 茶和牛奶你喜歡哪一個(gè)? -Neither. (兩個(gè)當(dāng)中任何)一個(gè)都不喜歡. all: 所有的人（或物）三者或三者以上的全部，看做復(fù)數(shù) 如： All of the students are in Class 2. I don't know all of people here. none: 沒有人或物(三個(gè)人或物當(dāng)

38、中或以上) ，既可以表示不可數(shù)的事物，也可以表示可數(shù)的事物和人，所以 none 可以看做單數(shù)，也可看作復(fù)數(shù)。如： None of the telephones are working. 這些電話沒一部能用。（從none來看，有三部以上的電話)-How many colour pencils do you have?你有多少彩色鉛筆？-None.一支也沒有。3. other, others, the others, another, other: 和the連用，指“兩者中的另外一個(gè)”。One the other如：I have two pens, one is red, the other is

39、 yellow.another: 和other一樣，都表示“另外一個(gè)”。但 other指兩者中的“另外一個(gè)”；another則指“多者（至少三者）中”的另一個(gè)，且another前不可有任何修飾詞。如：My glass is broken. I have to change another .One boy was reading; another was writing.（代詞） 一個(gè)男孩在讀書，另一個(gè)在寫字。others： 另外的人或物（代詞，可作主語、賓語）其他的 如： Think of others as well as yourself. （賓語） 不僅要想到自己，也要想到別人（其他人

40、）。 I didn't buy many cakes. Could you get some others?（賓語） 我沒有多買糕點(diǎn)，你有多余的嗎？ the others: “其余的所有的人（或物）”ones, the others 如：I have three pens. One is red, the others are black.I have two pens. One is red the other is black. I have ten stamps(郵票). One is a Japanese stamp, the others are the American s

41、tamps. I have two stamps(郵票). One is a Japanese stamp, the other is the American stamp. John and the others are here. 約翰和其他人都在這兒。（作主語）用法：1.Sometimes she meets some parents.(定語)2.Very often her husband helps her with some of the housework.（介賓）3.Everybody says she is "an ideal wife and good mothe

42、r."（主語，看作單數(shù)）4.They usually have something substential.(賓語)5.Do you know English? Yes, but just a little.（賓語)6.Some people also drink a little wine. (定語)7.We like parties and we have many friends.（定語)8.Some of them are eating and some are standing.(主語)9.It's just an ordinary one.(表語)10.Look

43、at the two boys on this side. One is standing on a desk.（主語） 復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞的構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing等所組成的不定代詞。復(fù)合不定代詞包括 something（某事物）, somebody（某人）, someone（某人）, anything（任何事物）, anybody（任何人）, anyone（任何人）, nothing（沒事物）, nobody（沒人）, no one（沒人）, everything（一切事物）, everybody（每個(gè)人）,

44、 everyone（每個(gè)人） 等十二個(gè)。這些復(fù)合代詞具有名詞性質(zhì)，在句中可用作主語、賓語或表語，但不能用作定語。復(fù)合不定代詞的指代對(duì)象1、含-body和-one的復(fù)合代詞只用來指人，含-body的復(fù)合不定代詞與含-one的復(fù)合不定代詞在功能和意義上完全相同，可以互換。只是用-body時(shí)顯得較通俗些，多用于口語中，用-one時(shí)顯得較文雅些，更常見于正式場(chǎng)合及書面語中。如：Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room.有人在隔壁房間哭。No one/Nobody is stupid. 沒有誰是愚蠢的。2、含-thing的復(fù)合不定代詞只用來指事物。如：Are

45、 you going to buy anything? 你會(huì)去買東西嗎？I can hear nothing but your voice. 我只聽到了你的聲音。復(fù)合不定代詞的屬格1、含-one和-body等指人的復(fù)合代詞可有-s屬格形式。如：Everybodys business is nobodys business.大家的事情沒人管。Is this anybodys seat? 這兒有人坐嗎？2、含-one和-body等指人的復(fù)合代詞后跟else時(shí)，-s屬格應(yīng)加在else之后。如：Can you remember someone elses name? 你還記得其他人的姓名嗎？3、含-t

46、hing等指事物的復(fù)合不定代詞沒有-s屬格形式。復(fù)合不定代詞的數(shù)1、復(fù)合不定代詞都具有單數(shù)的含義，因此通常被看成是單數(shù)第三人稱。當(dāng)它們充當(dāng)句子的主語時(shí)，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Is everyone here today? 今天，大家都到齊了嗎？Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上無難事，只怕有心人。2、當(dāng)要對(duì)一群人講話時(shí)，可使用以復(fù)合不定代詞作主語的祈使句，句中的動(dòng)詞用原形。如：Nobody move！= Don anybody move！ 都別動(dòng)！Everyone lie down! 統(tǒng)統(tǒng)趴下！復(fù)合不定代詞的替代

47、問題由于復(fù)合不定代詞都具有單數(shù)的含義，所以在正規(guī)的英語中用來替代它們的代詞也應(yīng)該是單數(shù)形式。1、含-one和-body等指人的復(fù)合代詞，其代詞應(yīng)該是he/she, him/her,其-s屬格形式的代詞應(yīng)該是his/her, his/hers。如：Everyone has his/her own words. 每個(gè)人都有他（她）自己的說辭。但是，這樣一來就會(huì)因?yàn)樾詣e的差異而使得在代詞的運(yùn)用上具有不確定性，所以為了避免這種別扭的情況，我們一般都是用they/them/their/theirs,尤其是在口語中以及非正式場(chǎng)合下。如：No one gave you a ticket, did they?

48、 沒人給你票，是嗎？Someone came in, but I didnt know who they were. 有人進(jìn)來了，但我不知道是誰。2、含-thing等指事物的復(fù)合不定代詞，不會(huì)因性別上的差異而使得在代詞的運(yùn)用上產(chǎn)生不確定性，因此我們就使用it。如：Something goes wrong, doesnt it?出問題了，是嗎？復(fù)合不定代詞的定語復(fù)合不定代詞的定語必須后置，即放在復(fù)合不定代詞的后面。如：Can you tell something interesting? 你能講些有趣的事情嗎？Is there anybody important here? 這兒有大人物嗎？Wo

49、uld you like something to eat? 要來些吃的東西嗎？含some-和any-的復(fù)合不定代詞間的用法區(qū)別由some-和any-所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞（即something和anything；someone和anyone；somebody和anybody）之間的區(qū)別跟some和any的區(qū)別一樣。1、something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句，疑問句或條件狀語從句中。如：He found something strange but interesting.他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些奇怪但卻有趣的事情。

50、Do you have anything to say ？你有話要說嗎？I cant meet anybody on the island. 在島上，我沒遇見任何人。2、在表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、提建議等帶有委婉語氣的疑問句，和希望得到對(duì)方肯定答復(fù)的疑問句，以及表示反問的問句中，也用something，someone，somebody等復(fù)合不定代詞。如:Would you like something to eat？要些吃的東西嗎？Isnt there something wrong with you? 難道你沒問題嗎？3、當(dāng)anything表示“任何事（物），無論何事（物）”，anyone，anyb

51、ody表示“無論誰，任何人”等意義時(shí)，它們也可以用于肯定句中。如：Anything is OK. 什么都行。Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。復(fù)合不定代詞的否定1、“not every-”表示的是部分否定，意為“并非都，不都”。例如：Not everything will go well. 并非一切都會(huì)那么順利。The teacher didnt call everyones name. 老師并沒有點(diǎn)所有人的名。2、“not any-”和no-均表示全否定。例如：He listened, but heard nothing.他聽了聽，但什么也沒聽到。= He

52、listened, but didnt hear anything.You havent called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你沒給誰打過電話，是嗎？= You have called no one/nobody up, have you?復(fù)合不定代詞作名詞復(fù)合不定代詞可以充當(dāng)名詞用，表示“的事情（東西或人）”。1、someone/somebody, anyone/anybody的意義是“重要人物，大人物”，everyone/everybody意為“最重要的人”，no one/nobody則意指“無關(guān)緊要的人，小人物”。例如：2、something，anyt

53、hing的意義是“重要事情（東西）”，everything表示“最重要的事情（東西）”，nothing則指“毫無趣味的事情，無關(guān)緊要的東西”。合與分的區(qū)別問題1、 someone，anyone，everyone都只能指人，且不和介詞of連用；some one，any one，every one則既可指人又可指物，可與介詞of連用。例如：Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任何人都要禮貌對(duì)待他們中的每一個(gè)人。-Which toy would you like? -Any one is OK. -你要那個(gè)玩具？-隨便。2、no one（=nob

54、ody）“沒有人”，只用來指人，通常不和介詞of連用；none“沒有一個(gè)”，既可以用來指人也可用來指物。例如：No one can do it better. 沒有人能做得更好。None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.這些問題沒有一個(gè)是容易的，我們中沒有一個(gè)人能答出其中的一題?；卮饂ho引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)用no one；回答how many引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)用none。例如：-Who was late ? -No one. -誰遲到了？-誰也沒有遲到。-How many pi

55、gs do you keep? -None. -你養(yǎng)幾頭豬？-一頭也沒養(yǎng)。 復(fù)合不定代詞是由some,any,no,every加-body,-thing,-one構(gòu)成，列表如下：Somebody 某人Someone 某人Something 某物，某事Anybody 任何人Anyone 任何人Anything 任何事物Nobody 沒有人No one 沒有人Nothing 沒有東西Everybody 每人Everyone 每人Everything 一切由于在使用中有比較特殊的習(xí)慣用法，是考試中比較常見的考點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)將常見的考試形式解析如下：一：復(fù)合不定代詞和部分否定部分否定是考試中的熱門考點(diǎn)，常表達(dá)

56、的結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種：1：not+全部肯定詞 2：助 動(dòng)詞+not+全部肯定詞。其意都為“并非都，不都”。前者是一般形態(tài)，如：Not everyone likes English. 由于是基本概念，學(xué)生比較容易理解。但后者和一般否定句比較相似，容易引起學(xué)生判斷上的疑惑，是出題的焦點(diǎn)。1I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _.A. everything B: anything C. something D. nothing分析：有同學(xué)看到I dont agree就判斷是否定句，選B, anything .這就是對(duì)句子理解出現(xiàn)

57、了偏差。句意是：我同意你所說的大部分，但不是全部。是一句典型的部分否定形式。noteverythign 的結(jié)構(gòu)表明“并非每件事”。所以正確答案是A. everyting 。2 -The exam was difficult, wasnt it?-No, but I dont think _ could pass it.A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D everybody分析：同上題一樣，不能將I dont think 簡單得看成否定句而選B. anybody。 “noteverybody”構(gòu)成部分否定，既“并非所有的人都能通過”。所以應(yīng)該選D. everyb

58、ody。二：復(fù)合不定代詞的定語位置復(fù)合不定代詞被定語修飾的時(shí)候，定語必須放在不定代詞后面。特別是當(dāng)修飾的定語比較復(fù)雜的情況下要認(rèn)真分析，弄清詞序間的修飾關(guān)系。1 There is _ with your car.A. nothing seriously wrong B. seriously wrong nothingC. nothing wrong seriously D. wrong seriously nothing分析： 首先，seriously副詞修飾wrong 形容詞，seriously wrong表示“嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞”，seriously wrong 修飾nothing, 放在nothing 后面，意思是“嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞的地方”，nothing seriously wrong , 所以答案是A。2 He asked me if there was _ to read.A. easy enough something B. enough easy somethingC. something easy enough D. something enough easy分析：副詞enough 修飾形容詞easy, 放easy后面，easy enough意思是“足夠簡單的”。easy enough 修飾不定代詞something ,放something 后面。something easy