英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析1

1、句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析v1. 名詞：表示事物名稱的詞。指人、事、時名詞：表示事物名稱的詞。指人、事、時 間、地點等實體和抽象事物。間、地點等實體和抽象事物。table, mindv2. 代詞：代詞： 代替名詞的詞。代替名詞的詞。he, him, his, this, those, it, v3. 數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。 one, firstv4. 形容詞：修飾名詞，代詞，表示人或事物性質(zhì)，形容詞：修飾名詞，代詞，表示人或事物性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)和特征的詞。狀態(tài)和特征的詞。beautiful, clever, bravev5. 副詞：修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞和整個句子，表副詞：修飾動詞，形容詞，

2、副詞和整個句子，表明時間，地點，程度等概念。明時間，地點，程度等概念。hard, well, very, when, where.v6. 動詞：表示各類動作的詞。如動詞：表示各類動作的詞。如walk, work, regret等。動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。及物動詞等。動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。及物動詞后邊可以加賓語。如后邊可以加賓語。如eat。v1、主語主語是句子所要說的人或事物通常用名詞是句子所要說的人或事物通常用名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：或代詞擔(dān)任。如：im miss green.句子成分句子成分 1. the sun rises in the east. 2. he likes d

3、ancing. 3. twenty years is a short time in history. 4. it is difficult to learn a language well. 5. losing her bicycle makes her upset. 6. what he needs is a book. 7. it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.找出下列句子的主語找出下列句子的主語 what he needs it that the elephant is round and t

4、all like a tree主語從句主語從句it做形式主語，真正的主語是主語從句做形式主語，真正的主語是主語從句 which word is 謂語謂語 i dont like the picture on the wall. the days get longer and longer when summer comes. do you usually go to school by bus? seeing the snake, the girl stood under the tree, frightened out of life.likegetcomesgostoodv2、謂語謂語動詞

5、說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)動詞說明主語的動作或狀態(tài),回答回答“做做(什么什么)”。主要由動詞擔(dān)任。如：。主要由動詞擔(dān)任。如：jack cleans the room every day. v1. i work in a hospital.v2. last night i came home late. v3. he runs very fast. v4. we have to study hard.v5. toms cat died last week.v6. things change so quickly.基本句型基本句型1: 主語主語+謂語謂語(不及物動詞不及物動詞)v3、賓語賓語表示行為的對

6、象，常由名詞或者代表示行為的對象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動詞或者介詞之后。詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動詞或者介詞之后。1) 位于及物動詞之后為動詞的賓語簡稱動賓位于及物動詞之后為動詞的賓語簡稱動賓 i like china. he hates you. how many do you need? we need two. i enjoy working with you. i hope to see you again. did you write down what he said? 名詞名詞 代詞代詞 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 動名詞動名詞 不定式不定式賓語從句賓語從句基本句型基本句型2：主語：主語+謂語謂

7、語+賓語賓語 2) 位于介詞之后為介詞的賓語簡稱為介賓位于介詞之后為介詞的賓語簡稱為介賓 1. are you afraid of the snake? 2. under the snow, there are many rocks. 3. she got very angry because of what her mother said. 她因為她媽媽的話而很生氣。她因為她媽媽的話而很生氣。 4. i am thinking about what you said. 我在考慮你剛才說的話。我在考慮你剛才說的話。 3) 有些及物動詞帶有兩個賓語有些及物動詞帶有兩個賓語, 指物的叫指物的叫直直

8、接賓語接賓語,指人的叫間接賓語指人的叫間接賓語。如：。如：he wrote me a letter . (他他給我給我寫了寫了一封信一封信)基本句型基本句型3: 主語主語+謂語謂語+間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語 please tell us a story.v my father bought a new bike for me last week.v mr. li is going to teach us history next term.v here is a pen. give it to tom.v did he leave any message for me? 4、賓語補足

9、語賓語補足語，是對賓語的補充，用來說明賓，是對賓語的補充，用來說明賓語怎么樣或干什么。語怎么樣或干什么?；揪湫突揪湫?： 主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語+賓語補足語賓語補足語vwe elected him monitor. vwe will make them happy. vwe found nobody in. vplease make yourself at home. v dont let him do that. vhis father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. vdont keep the lights burning

10、. v ill have my bike repaired. 名詞名詞帶帶to的不定式的不定式省略省略to的不定式的不定式 形容詞形容詞 副詞副詞表語從句表語從句 介詞短語介詞短語 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞5. 表語表語：系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)：系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任。和特征。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任?；揪湫突揪湫?： 主語主語+系動詞系動詞+表語表語he is a teacher. five and five is ten. he is asleep. his father is in. the picture is on

11、the wall. my watch is gone / missing / lost. the question is whether they will come. 名詞名詞 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 形容詞形容詞 副詞副詞表語從句表語從句 介詞短語介詞短語 形容詞化的分詞形容詞化的分詞 ps： 常見的連系動詞除了常見的連系動詞除了be動詞，還有動詞，還有 look(看起來看起來),feel(摸上去摸上去),seem(似乎是似乎是),sound(聽聽起來起來)等。等。remain(依然依然),keep(保持保持),stay(保持保持), become(變成變成), turn(變成變成)等。等。 1. th

12、e story sounds true. 2. those oranges taste good star. 3. the old man was feeling very tired. 4. the leaves have turned yellow. 5. soon they all became interested in the subject.基本句型基本句型1: 主語主語+謂語謂語(不及物動詞不及物動詞)基本句型基本句型5： 主語主語+系動詞系動詞+表語表語基本句型基本句型4： 主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語+賓語補足語賓語補足語基本句型基本句型3: 主語主語+謂語謂語+間接賓語間接

13、賓語+直接賓語直接賓語基本句型基本句型2：主語：主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語1. he is a brave boy.2. i dont like the picture on the wall. 3. to do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 4. they made him monitor of the class.5. people all over the world speak english.6. please give me the book. 分析下列句子的成分。分析下列句子的成分。1. h

14、e is a brave boy. 2. i dont like the picture on the wall. 3. to do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 4. they made him monitor of the class.5. people all over the world speak english.6. please give me the book. v6. 定語定語：修飾，限制或說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征。：修飾，限制或說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征。是主語或賓語的附加成分。是

15、主語或賓語的附加成分。vyanling is a chemistry teacher.vhe is our friend. vwe belong to the third world.vhe was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.vthe woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.vthe boys playing football are in class 2. vthe trees planted last year are growing well now. vyou should do ever

16、ything that i do. 名詞名詞過去分詞過去分詞介詞短語介詞短語 代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞定語從句定語從句 形容詞形容詞 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞1. the book that i borrowed from the library is very interesting.2. i dont know the name of the teacher whom i met in the computer room.3. is this the play that you were talking about just now?4. daniel is the person who i want t

17、o make friends with.5. the topic in which eric is interested is physics.v7. 狀語狀語：用來修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或句子。是謂：用來修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或句子。是謂語的附加成分。表示謂語動詞發(fā)生的，時間、地點、語的附加成分。表示謂語動詞發(fā)生的，時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。vi will go there tomorrow. vthe meeting will be held in the meeting room.vthe meat went bad

18、because of the hot weather. vhe studies hard to learn english well.vhe didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. vi like some of you very much.vif you study hard, you will pass the exam. vhe goes to school by bike.vthough he is young, he can do it well.讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句v表示條件退讓一步。讓步狀語從句表示：雖然，盡表示條件退讓

19、一步。讓步狀語從句表示：雖然，盡管，即使管，即使, 無論等概念。無論等概念。由由 although, though, as, even if, even though, whether, however, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whoever, no matter (how, what, which, when, where, who)等詞引導(dǎo)。等詞引導(dǎo)。 although he is very old, he is quite strong. whether you believe it or nor, it is true. wh

20、atever (no matter what) you say, i would not believe you. v8、同位語同位語v當(dāng)一個概念詞在前，后面的詞、詞組或者句子當(dāng)一個概念詞在前，后面的詞、詞組或者句子是在解釋前者時，而且兩者的語法功能相同，是在解釋前者時，而且兩者的語法功能相同，后者就是前者的同位語。后者就是前者的同位語。vmr. black, our english teacher, is a good tennis player. v我們的英語老師我們的英語老師布萊克先生是個優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)布萊克先生是個優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)球手。球手。v football, the only interest

21、 in life, has brought him many friends.v足球足球-他唯一的愛好，讓他結(jié)交了許多朋友。他唯一的愛好，讓他結(jié)交了許多朋友。 she is fond of collecting stamps. v她喜歡集郵。她喜歡集郵。vwe all study hard.v我們都努力學(xué)習(xí)我們都努力學(xué)習(xí).vi love sports very much. v我非常喜歡運動我非常喜歡運動.vmum made a beautiful skirt for me.v媽媽為我做了一條漂亮的裙子媽媽為我做了一條漂亮的裙子.vwe elected him our class preside

22、nt.v我們選了他做班長我們選了他做班長.句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子結(jié)構(gòu)1）簡單句簡單句v2） 并列句并列句：由并列連詞把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起：由并列連詞把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起的句子叫并列句。并列連詞有的句子叫并列句。并列連詞有:and, but, or, so等。并列句中各等。并列句中各簡單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒有從屬關(guān)系。簡單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒有從屬關(guān)系。vthe food was good, but he had little appetite.v食物很精美，但他卻沒什么胃口。食物很精美，但他卻沒什么胃口。v lets hurry, or we will be late

23、.v 咱們趕緊點，要不就遲到啦。咱們趕緊點，要不就遲到啦。vhe studied hard( ,) and he passed the exam. v他努力學(xué)習(xí)并通過了考試。他努力學(xué)習(xí)并通過了考試。vhe felt no fear, for he was very brave. v他很勇敢他很勇敢,毫不畏懼毫不畏懼.vhe was sick, so they were quiet.v他病了他病了,所以他們很安靜所以他們很安靜.v3） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句：包含一個主句從句和一個或幾個從句的：包含一個主句從句和一個或幾個從句的句子叫復(fù)合句。其中主句可以獨立存在，但從句是一句子叫復(fù)合句。其中主句可以獨立存

24、在，但從句是一個句子成分，不能獨立存在。例如：個句子成分，不能獨立存在。例如：vthe film had begun when we got to the cinema.v我們到達電影院的時候，電影已經(jīng)開演了。我們到達電影院的時候，電影已經(jīng)開演了。vdo you know the man who is in the car? v你認識坐在汽車里的人嗎你認識坐在汽車里的人嗎?vwhat he said is not true. v他說的不是實話他說的不是實話.vi know its difficult to master a foreign language. v我知道學(xué)好一門外語不容易我知道學(xué)好一門外語不容易.