第二十七篇Importance of Services服務(wù)業(yè)的重要性

1、第二十七篇Importance of Services服務(wù)業(yè)的重要性The United States has moved beyond超過 the industrial economy stage to the point where it has become the worlds first service economy服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì). Almost three-fourths of the nonfarm非農(nóng) labor force 勞動(dòng)力is employed in service industries產(chǎn)業(yè), and over two-thirds of the nations gros

2、s national product 國(guó)民產(chǎn)值is accounted for產(chǎn)值 by services. Also而且, service jobs typically通常 hold up支持 better during a recession經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退 than do jobs in industries producing tangible goods.有形貨物 美國(guó)已經(jīng)超越了工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的階段，成為世界上第一個(gè)服務(wù)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的國(guó)家。幾乎3/4的非農(nóng)業(yè)動(dòng)力受雇于服務(wù)業(yè)。服務(wù)業(yè)的產(chǎn)值在國(guó)民總產(chǎn)值中所占比例已經(jīng)超過2/3。而且，服務(wù)業(yè)的工作往往要比從事生產(chǎn)有形商品的工作更能經(jīng)受經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條的打擊。Duri

3、ng the 20-year period of 1966 to 1986, about 36 million new jobs were created in the United Statesfar more than in Japan and Western Europe combined結(jié)合. About 90 percent of these jobs were in service industries產(chǎn)業(yè). During this same time span時(shí)間間隔, some 22 million women joined the labor forceand 97 perc

4、ent of these women went to work in the service sector.第三產(chǎn)業(yè) These employment trends就業(yè)趨勢(shì) are expected 期望to continue 持續(xù)at least until the year 2000. For the period 1986-2000, the Bureau局、辦事處 of Labor Statistics勞動(dòng)統(tǒng)計(jì) predicts預(yù)測(cè) that over 21 million new jobs will be created and 93 percent of them will be

5、in service industries. 從1966年至1986這20年間，美國(guó)新增加了大約3600萬個(gè)工作，比日本和西歐合起來還多。這些工作約有90%是服務(wù)性行業(yè)。在這同一時(shí)期，有2千2百萬婦女也加入到勞動(dòng)大軍中來，其中有97%在服務(wù)業(yè)工作。這種就業(yè)趨勢(shì)可望持續(xù)到2000年。美國(guó)勞動(dòng)統(tǒng)計(jì)局預(yù)測(cè)，在1986年至2000年期間，大約將增加2100萬個(gè)工作，其中93%在服務(wù)業(yè)。Moreover, most of this explosive 爆炸性growth in services employment is not in low-paying jobs, contrary to the b

6、eliefs of many economists相反, business and labor leaders, and politicians政界人士. These people argue that manufacturing 生產(chǎn)性jobs, which have been the economic foundation 經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)of America's middle class, are vanishing消失. They claim that factory workers are being replaced with a host of許多 low-wage earner

7、s.掙錢人 It is true that manufacturing制造業(yè) jobs have declined下降, with many of them going to foreign countries.外國(guó) It is also true that there has been growth in some low-paying service jobs. Yet cooks and counter 柜臺(tái)people still represent 表現(xiàn)only 1 percent of the U. S. labor force today: Furthermore, 而且for

8、many years the fastest-growing occupational軍事占領(lǐng)的 category部門 has been “professional職業(yè)性, technical技術(shù)性, and related 有關(guān)的work.” These jobs pay well above the averag平均工資e, and most are in service industries行業(yè). 而且，服務(wù)行業(yè)就業(yè)率的這種爆炸性增長(zhǎng)大部分并不是低薪的工作。這與許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、商人、工會(huì)首腦和政界人士的觀點(diǎn)相反。這些人爭(zhēng)論說已經(jīng)是美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的生產(chǎn)性工作正在消失。他們聲稱，產(chǎn)業(yè)工人

9、正被一大群低工資的打工仔所代替。的確，生產(chǎn)性工作已經(jīng)減少，有些產(chǎn)生性工作流向了國(guó)外。也確實(shí)有一些低報(bào)酬的服務(wù)型工作已經(jīng)有所增長(zhǎng)。然而像廚師和售貨員仍然僅占美國(guó)當(dāng)今勞工隊(duì)伍的1%。而且多年來發(fā)展最快的職業(yè)種類一直是“職業(yè)性的、技術(shù)性的以及有關(guān)的工作”。這些工作的報(bào)酬高于平均工資，而它們大部分都在服務(wù)業(yè)。About one-half of consumer expenditures消費(fèi)開支 are for the purchase購(gòu)買 of services. Projections規(guī)劃 to the year 2000 indicate表明 that services will attract吸

10、收 an even larger share of consumer spending消費(fèi)開支. A drawback缺點(diǎn) of the service economy服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì) boom繁榮 is that the prices of most services have been going up超過 at a considerably非常的faster rate than the prices of most tangible有形資產(chǎn)products. You are undoubtedly毫無疑問aware清楚 of this if you have had your car or TV

11、 set repaired, had your shoes half-soled打過后掌, or paid a medical bill in recent years. 消費(fèi)開支大約有1/2是以購(gòu)買服務(wù)為目的的。到2000年的規(guī)劃表明，服務(wù)業(yè)將吸引一個(gè)更大的消費(fèi)開支份額。服務(wù)型公司繁榮發(fā)展的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是，大部分的價(jià)格比大部分有形商品的價(jià)格上漲得要快得多。如果近年來你的汽車或彩電修理過，你的鞋子打過后掌或者你支付過醫(yī)藥費(fèi)，毫無疑問你會(huì)清楚這一點(diǎn)。When we say that services account勞務(wù)項(xiàng)目 for close 臨近to one-half of consumer ex

12、penditures消費(fèi)開支, we still grossly非常 understate保守說 the economic importance of services. These figures數(shù)字 do not include the vast大量 amounts spent for business services. By all indications跡象, spending for business services has increased even more rapidly than spending for consumer services. 如果我們說服務(wù)幾乎占了消費(fèi)

13、開支的一半時(shí)，我們?nèi)匀粵]能充分表明服務(wù)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)重要性。這些數(shù)字沒有包括大量的用于商業(yè)性服務(wù)的開支。根據(jù)所有的跡象來看，商業(yè)性服務(wù)的開支比消費(fèi)服務(wù)的開支增長(zhǎng)得更快些。1. The first paragraph intends 計(jì)劃to tell us thatA. services are more important than industries producing tangible有形的 goods.有形貨物B. services are important. C. service jobs make more money than other jobs.D. services are

14、more comfortable than other jobs.答案：1) services are important.2. Between 1966 and 1986, the United States created about在1966年到1986年，美國(guó)創(chuàng)造了_ 。A. 32.4 million service jobs. B. 32.4 million jobs.C. 22 million service jobs. D. 198 million service jobs.答案：B. 32.4 million service jobs.3. Many economists, b

15、usiness and labor leaders and politicians believe that許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、商人和勞動(dòng)領(lǐng)袖以及政治家們相信_(tái)。A. most of the explosive growth in service employment is not in low-paying jobs.B. most of the fast growth in the service sector 第三產(chǎn)業(yè)is in low-paying jobs.C. manufacturing jobs are disappearing because they are to longer a

16、ttractive.D. most of the fast growth in the service sector is in high-paying jobs.答案B. most of the fast growth in the service sector is in low-paying jobs. 4. The importance of services can be shown服務(wù)業(yè)工作的重要性表現(xiàn)在_。A. only by consumer expenditure. 消費(fèi)開支B. only by money spent on business services.C. by m

17、oney spent on business services as well as on consumer services.D. only by money spent on food and housing.答案C . by money spent on business services as well as on consumer services. 5. What does the writer of this passage disapprove of regarding services now? 關(guān)于服務(wù)業(yè)作者不贊成_。A. Their fast growth. B. The

18、ir decline.下降C. Their prices.D. Their quality. 答案C. Their prices.27服務(wù)業(yè)的重要性服務(wù)業(yè)很重要三千二百四十萬的服務(wù)性職業(yè)服務(wù)業(yè)部門快速增長(zhǎng)的都是低收入工作花在商業(yè)和消費(fèi)業(yè)上的錢他們的價(jià)格譯文：服務(wù)業(yè)的重要性美國(guó)已經(jīng)跨越了工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的階段，成為世界上第一個(gè)服務(wù)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的國(guó)家。幾乎3/4的非農(nóng)業(yè) 勞動(dòng)力受雇于服務(wù)業(yè)。服務(wù)業(yè)的產(chǎn)值在國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值中所占比例已超過2/3。而且，服務(wù)業(yè)的工 作往往要比從事生產(chǎn)有形商品的工作更能經(jīng)受經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條的打擊。從1966年至1986年這20年間，美國(guó)新增加了大約3 600萬個(gè)工作，比日本和西歐合起來還 多。這些工作約有90%是服務(wù)性行業(yè)。