英語(yǔ)中的句子成分

1、要求能正確判斷句子的類(lèi)型、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和句意選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞語(yǔ)、判斷主語(yǔ)和從句的正確語(yǔ)序、恰當(dāng)選擇主句和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)中的句子成分主語(yǔ)是句子敘述的主體，用于說(shuō)明人或事物執(zhí)行某一動(dòng)作中，表明“誰(shuí)”或“什么”?？捎擅~、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和主語(yǔ)從句等來(lái)承擔(dān)。謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。表明“做什么”或“是什么”。常用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞加上表語(yǔ)部分來(lái)充當(dāng)。賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，常位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面。賓語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語(yǔ)從句等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。定語(yǔ)是句子中修飾名詞，代詞或其它名詞化的詞。定語(yǔ)則屬于短語(yǔ)內(nèi)部

2、修飾名詞的成分，與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞詞類(lèi)的中心詞構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)，有前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)之分。名詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞和定語(yǔ)從句都可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分。狀語(yǔ)根據(jù)語(yǔ)義可分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、目的狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)構(gòu)狀語(yǔ)、程度狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、讓步狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)、方面狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)和句子狀語(yǔ)。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：有些動(dòng)詞除需要賓語(yǔ)外，還需要有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這樣句子的意義才能完整。賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，這就是判斷賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主要依據(jù)。常用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明結(jié)果、程度、趨向、可能、狀態(tài)、數(shù)量等的成分。注意：含有賓補(bǔ)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)便成

3、了主補(bǔ)。表語(yǔ)：放在系動(dòng)詞之后用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表明“什么”、“怎么樣”。表語(yǔ)常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing、從句來(lái)充當(dāng)。he hit me in the face. he是主語(yǔ)，hit是謂語(yǔ)，me是賓語(yǔ) he is a happy boy. happy是定語(yǔ) i found nobody was there when i got home. when i got home是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)i found him dead. dead是賓補(bǔ) he was found dead. dead做主補(bǔ) i am happy. am是系動(dòng)詞，happy是表語(yǔ)。

4、英語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu) 英語(yǔ)中按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)劃分，有簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句的考查主要包括：句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、連詞的選擇、從句與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、主語(yǔ)和從句的語(yǔ)序、一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和特殊的句式應(yīng)用。一 簡(jiǎn)單句：簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)或并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)。 英語(yǔ)基本句型-1 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”組成，主要用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，類(lèi)屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。 系動(dòng)詞有: 1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue,

5、stand; 3.表示狀態(tài)變化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; eg: our english teacher is thirty years old. the cake tastes delicious. the potatoes went bad in the fields. deep water stays still. he was at work. she is in good health. it is beyond my ability. i was at a loss. you are under arrest. 英語(yǔ)

6、基本句型-2 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語(yǔ)加不及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”構(gòu)成, 常用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作。 eg：the sun rises. tom has already left. 主語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-狀語(yǔ)。 eg: 1. the red sun rises in the east. 2. they had to travel by air or boat. 3. she sat there alone. 4. he came back when we were eating. 5. weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake。 英語(yǔ)基

7、本句型-3 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu):本結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語(yǔ)+及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。 eg：1. tom made a hole in the wall. 2. i dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. they havent decided where to go next. 4. she stopped teaching english two years ago. 英語(yǔ)基本句型-4 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)+及物謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)（人）+直接賓語(yǔ)（事物）”組成。eg： he brings me cookies every d

8、ay. 但若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)（事物），后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。eg： he brings cookies to me every day. she made a beautiful dress for me. 用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。 用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。 常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等； （需借助for 的） buy

9、, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 英語(yǔ)基本句型-5 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu): 此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)+及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用來(lái)補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)，若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則句意不夠完整?？梢杂米鲑e補(bǔ)的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞等。 如： the sun keeps us warm. i heard him singing. they made tom monitor. he used to do his homework with his radio

10、 on. my mother asked me to clean my room. the teacher made all students finish their homework on time. 用 it 做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語(yǔ)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語(yǔ)。eg：i found it very pleasant to be with your family. = i found it was pleasant to be with your family. 它們的區(qū)別在于第一個(gè)是簡(jiǎn)單句第二個(gè)是復(fù)合句，意思都

11、是一樣的。 英語(yǔ)基本句型-6 there be 句型： 此句型是由“there+be+主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱(chēng)“有”。 它其實(shí)是全倒裝的一種情況，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無(wú)實(shí)際語(yǔ)意。此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等，但一般不用have。eg： there stands a hill in the middle of the park. once upon a time there lived an old king in the town. be 與

12、其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如： 現(xiàn)在有 there is/are 過(guò)去有 there was/were 將來(lái)有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 過(guò)去曾經(jīng)有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be eg.once,

13、 there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. the weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. there used to be a cinema here before the war. 二并列句。 并列句由并列連詞and, but, or，so等或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成1.由分號(hào)連接。 eg. some people cry; others laugh. lets start early; we have a long way

14、to go. 2.有并列連詞連接 表示選擇關(guān)系常用的連詞有：or, eitheror, otherwise等表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系常用的連詞有：but, still, however, yet, while, when等。表示因果關(guān)系常用的連詞有：so, for, therefore等。eg: id like to, but i have lots of homework to do. ive got a cold, so im going to bed. both my father and mother are teachers. its very good, yet i dont like it.

15、 三、復(fù)合句 構(gòu)成：由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句和從句都有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，但主句是全局的主體，從句只是全句中的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立存在。從句通常是用引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)的，引導(dǎo)詞起連接主句和從句的作用。 分類(lèi)：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句），形容詞性從句（定語(yǔ)從句），副詞性從句（狀語(yǔ)從句）。 1狀語(yǔ)從句（1)狀語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)狀語(yǔ)從句通常修飾主句的動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，從屬連詞在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。根據(jù)狀語(yǔ)從句所表達(dá)的不同意義和功能，可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句。(2)連接狀語(yǔ)從句的詞語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：when, whe

16、never每當(dāng)，after, before, as, as soon as, hardly/ scarcely.when., no sooner.than.。.一就，while, till, until, since, once。名詞詞組the first time第一次，last time最后一次，every/each time每次，the next time下次，the next day第二天， the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 一就;副詞immediately, instantly, directly等也可作連詞使用。原因狀語(yǔ)

17、從句：because, since, as, now that。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：where，wherever(無(wú)論那里)。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句： no matter who/whom/what/which/how/when/where, though, although, as, even if /even though, whatever, whoever, however, wherever, whenever等。條件狀語(yǔ)從句： if, unless, as/so long as(如果;只要)，in case (萬(wàn)一); on condition that(如果)， suppose, supposi

18、ng, providing, provide。目的狀語(yǔ)從句：in order that (為了)，so that (以便)。比較狀語(yǔ)從句：(not) as/soas，than, the morethe more(越越) 引導(dǎo)。方式狀語(yǔ)從句：as(正如;按照)，as if/as though (好像)引導(dǎo)。結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句： so that (結(jié)果是)， so/suchthat (如此以至于)。（3)從句中的語(yǔ)序復(fù)合句中通常采用陳述語(yǔ)序。但是，在下面的幾種情況下，狀語(yǔ)從句多采用倒裝語(yǔ)序：當(dāng)連詞as, though連接讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞通常置于句首，構(gòu)成部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：mu

19、ch as i have traveled, i have never seen anyone whos as capable as john。try as she might, carol couldn't get the door open。strange though it may seem, i like housework。在so/such.that.。.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中，so+形容詞/副詞或such+名詞置于句首時(shí)，主句采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：so successful was her business that marie was able to set up new br

20、anches elsewhere.such was the force of the explosion that windows were blown out。在hardly/scarcely.when., no sooner.than.。.句式中，把hardly/scarcely/no sooner置于句首時(shí)，第一個(gè)分句采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把第二個(gè)分句用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：scarcely had he sat down when there was a knock at the door。 however與形容詞、副詞一起引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，句子采用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：however amusin

21、g the story is, i have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week。 在the +比較級(jí)the+比較級(jí)句式中，只是把形容詞或副詞置于句首，句子仍然采用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：education is about learning and the more you learn, the more equipped for life you are。(4)從句和主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)在復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般遵循以下的規(guī)律： 表示“同時(shí)”意義的連詞as, when, as soon as, the mo

22、ment, while 等連接的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句和從句時(shí)態(tài)基本一致。例如：as time passed, things seemed to get worse。 表示“將來(lái)”意義的條件、時(shí)間和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為“主將從現(xiàn)”。例如：tom wont go to sleep unless his mother tells him a story。once i get him a job, hell be fine。 since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而含有since從句的主句通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：i havent met her since i

23、left university。在句式hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan中，第一個(gè)分句中過(guò)去完成時(shí)，第二個(gè)分句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：she had hardly sat down when the phone rang。 在as if/though 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果表示一種與事實(shí)相反夸張，從句多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：she stared at me as though i were a complete stranger。(5)狀語(yǔ)從句的省略當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的狀語(yǔ)從句，可省略與主句相同的主語(yǔ)和助動(dòng)詞，保留連詞+過(guò)去分詞;主

24、動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的狀語(yǔ)從句，可省略與主句相同的主語(yǔ)和助動(dòng)詞，保留連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞。例如：we all know that, if not carefully dealt with, the situation will get worse。though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university。(6)狀語(yǔ)從句被用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中狀語(yǔ)從句作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，一律用it is/was that，不能用when代替that。句子用陳述語(yǔ)序。注意：當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)not until +時(shí)間/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不再采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如

25、：it was not until the war was over that the soldier was able to return home。2 名詞性從句(1)名詞性從句分類(lèi)：按照在句中的功能，名詞性從句分為：主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句四種。(2) 名詞性從句的連接詞名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類(lèi)：that無(wú)詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時(shí)可被省略;表示“是否”用whether，只有在賓語(yǔ)從句中，whether可被人if代替。whether和if在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。如果從句缺少主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或定語(yǔ)等句子成分，用連接代詞what, whatever, who, whoe

26、ver, whom, whose, which;如果從句缺少狀語(yǔ)，用連接副詞when, where, how, why。由于連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問(wèn)句，因而從句中謂語(yǔ)不用疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分，而連接詞whether 和if(是否)，在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。(3) 名詞性從句中的特殊時(shí)態(tài) 在以下三種主語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”， should可省略。(1)it is+形容詞+that句型。常見(jiàn)的形容詞有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising

27、, astonishing(令人驚訝的)等。2) it is +名詞+that句型。常見(jiàn)的名詞有pity, shame, advice, suggestion,proposal(提議，建議)， requirement, request, desire, order等。(3) it is+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+ that句型。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。在insist(堅(jiān)持)， urge (催促)， order(命令)， command(命令)， suggest(建議)，advise(建議)，reco

28、mmend(建議，推薦)， request(請(qǐng)求，要求)， demand(要求)，require(要求，需要)等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”， should可省略。 在含有advice, order, demand, proposal(提議)， requirement, suggestion等名詞的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。在一些表示驚訝、意志等感情色彩的名詞性從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或“should +have done”，譯為“竟然，居然”。例如：i am surprised /shoc

29、ked that you should speak in such a way。i find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum。it is strange /surprising that she should not have been invited。i am glad that your story should have won the first prize。3定語(yǔ)從句(1)定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾和限制作用，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充和解釋說(shuō)

30、明作用。通常限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間沒(méi)有逗號(hào)，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。(2)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, which, that, as;關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首，主句的先行詞之后，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用，同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。(3)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法：當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)用who 作主語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ);當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用which，可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);先行詞為人、物時(shí)用that ，可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ); whose用作定語(yǔ)，

31、可指人或物; 關(guān)系副詞when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);where(指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ));why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。(4)限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句：從句與主句關(guān)系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。例如：i was the only person in our office who was invited。(去掉定語(yǔ)從句，句意就不完整) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：從句與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，不能that用引導(dǎo)。例如：his movie won several awards at the film

32、 festival, which was beyond his wildest dream. (去掉定語(yǔ)從句，主句的意思仍完整)(5)使用定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題用that而不用 which的情況：先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, much;先行詞有最高級(jí)修飾，有序數(shù)詞修飾;先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾;先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。例如：there is nothing that can prevent him from doing it。the first place that they visited in guilin was lijing。t

33、his is the best coffee maker that i have ever been made。mr smith is the only foreigner teacher that he knows。 用which而不用 that的情況：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;指代整個(gè)主句的意思;用于介詞 的后面+ 關(guān)系代詞。例如：chans restaurant on baker street, which used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. for many cities in the world, there is n

34、o room to spread our further, of which new york is an example。 關(guān)系代詞as的用法a. 當(dāng)現(xiàn)行詞為 the same +名詞，such+名詞時(shí)，要用關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如：i want to buy the same shirt as yours。such machines as are used in our workshop are made in germany。b. as可指代主句的內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。常用于下列句型：as is known to all, as is sa

35、id, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as i expect 等。例如： he got the first place again in this mid-term examination, as we expected。c. as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別當(dāng)主句和從句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí)，用as引導(dǎo);反之，用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;當(dāng)非限制定語(yǔ)從句為否定意義時(shí)，常用which引導(dǎo)。例如：he made a long speech, as we expected。he made a long speech, w

36、hich was unexpected。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。例如：the man who lives downstairs makes it a rule to run in the park in the morning。 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用“介詞 + which”來(lái)代替。例如：october 1, 1949 was the day on which (= when) the new china was founded。在”介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞只能用which和whom，且不能省略;如果介詞在句末，關(guān)系代詞可用whi

37、ch, that, whom, 口語(yǔ)中也可用who，且可省略。例如：the man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about is proves to be friendly。注意事項(xiàng)1.狀語(yǔ)從句與其它相似結(jié)構(gòu)的辨析 it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)+ that+其它句子成分，其特點(diǎn)是去掉it is/was和that原句仍然成立。例如：it was at midnight that we got home。 it is/was+時(shí)間+when/before+從句 表示“當(dāng)發(fā)生時(shí)，時(shí)間是”。例如：it was late evening when the

38、 doctor arrived。 it will be/was+時(shí)間段+before+句子，表示“要過(guò)才會(huì)發(fā)生某事”或“過(guò)了發(fā)生了某事”。例如：it will be years before we find a cure for cancer。 it is/has been + since +句子， 表示“自從以來(lái)，時(shí)間過(guò)了”。例如：its three years since i last saw her。2定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞作某種句子成分，定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾和限制作用，而在同位語(yǔ)從句中，從對(duì)前面的抽象名詞起補(bǔ)充和解釋作用，連接詞不在從句中充當(dāng)句子成

39、分。例如：we heard the news that our school team had won the game. (同位語(yǔ)從句， that在從句中不作句子成分)the news that he told me yesterday proves true. (定語(yǔ)從句， that 在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ))the possibilities that she was offered seemed very great. (定語(yǔ)從句， that 在從句中作offered的賓語(yǔ))she is worried about the possibility that she might lose

40、 her job。( 同位語(yǔ)從句， that在從句中不作句子成分)精典名題導(dǎo)解1.(2008山東) he found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail。a. though b. for c. but d. so考點(diǎn)解析：前句表示一個(gè)結(jié)果，而后句表示原因，因此應(yīng)填for。連詞for連接的并列句總是放在后面。最佳答案為b。2. (2008全國(guó)ii)stand over there, _ youll be able to see the oil painting better。a. but

41、b. till c. and d. or考點(diǎn)解析：句首的祈使句和第二個(gè)分句的時(shí)態(tài)暗示空白處應(yīng)填and, 構(gòu)成“祈使句+and+并列句”結(jié)構(gòu)。并列句表示條件，而and后的并列句表示結(jié)果。最佳答案為c。3.(2008湖南) _ the internet is of great help. i dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it。a. if b. while c. because d. as考點(diǎn)解析：句意為：“雖然因特網(wǎng)非常有用，但是我認(rèn)為上網(wǎng)花費(fèi)時(shí)間太多不是好事”。連詞while表示“雖然，盡管”，連接讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，最佳答

42、案為b。4. (2008山東)youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it. (2008山東)a. even if b. which c. where d. so that考點(diǎn)解析：句意為：“你最好不要把藥品放在孩子們能拿到的地方”，空白處之前為主句，之后為狀語(yǔ)從句，表示地點(diǎn)，因此應(yīng)選連接詞where，最佳答案為c。5. (2008全國(guó)i卷) the lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a t-shirt _ the season。a. whatever b. wh

43、erever c. whenever d. however考點(diǎn)解析：句中含有讓步狀語(yǔ)從句whatever the season is，其中is被省略。句意為：“無(wú)論是什么季節(jié)，那個(gè)律師總是穿著牛仔褲和短袖汗衫”。最佳答案為a。6.(2008湖南) when asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.a. what b. why c. whom d. which考點(diǎn)解析：asked之后跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中的needed缺少賓語(yǔ)，因此空白處應(yīng)填what, 最佳答案為a。7.(20

44、08天津) the last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the water park。a. where b. how c. when d. why解析：從空白處到句末為表語(yǔ)從句，從句中主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)齊全，但缺狀語(yǔ)。結(jié)合句意“上次我們開(kāi)心是當(dāng)我們?nèi)ニ蠘?lè)園的時(shí)候”，因此選when, 最佳答案為c。8. (2008上海) it has been proved _ _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life。a. if b. because c. when d. that考點(diǎn)解析：it為形式主語(yǔ)，代替的是主語(yǔ)從句，因從句中句子成分完整，句子意義明確，因此應(yīng)用that連接，最佳答案為d。9. (2008上海) we went through