專題十一形容詞副詞的用法

1、形容詞形容詞 & 副詞副詞l形容詞常用于修飾名詞，說明該詞的性質、特征等。它在句中主要用作定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語。 副詞常用于修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，也可修飾整個句子等。形容詞的構成形容詞的構成 adj ladj+adj，如 deaf-muteln+adj，如 duty-freeladj/adv+-ing, 如 good-looking, easy-goingladj/adv+-ed, 如 newly-born, well-knownln+-ed, 如hand-madeln+-ing,如 law-abidingladj+n+-ed, 如 kind-hearted, absent-

2、minded-ly 結尾的形容詞結尾的形容詞l-ly 結尾的詞，一般是副詞，有些形容詞是以-ly 結尾的，這類詞常見的有：lbrotherly（友愛的） deadly（致命的） earthly（世俗的） friendly（友好的） likely（可能的） leisurely（空閑的） lovely（可愛的）manly（男子氣概的） weekly（每周一次的） yearly（每年一次的）l有些以有些以-ly 結尾既為形容詞，也為副詞，如結尾既為形容詞，也為副詞，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。等。例如：例如：The Times is a weekly pa

3、per. 時代周刊時代周刊為周刊。為周刊。The Times is published weekly. 時代周刊時代周刊每周發(fā)行一期。每周發(fā)行一期。用形容詞表示類別和整體用形容詞表示類別和整體l1） 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人，如某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。例如：等。例如： The poor are losing hope. l2） 有關國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族有關國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體，與動詞的復數連用，如的整體，與動詞

4、的復數連用，如 lthe British，the English，lthe French，the Chinese 等。例如：等。例如：lThe English have wonderful sense of humor. She is a She is a goodgood student. student.I have something I have something importantimportant to tell to tell you.you.當形容詞修飾由當形容詞修飾由some-,any-,no-,every-構成的不定代詞時構成的不定代詞時,形容詞要放在這些形容詞要放在這些

5、不定代詞的之后不定代詞的之后. e.g.Is there Is there anything anything interestinginteresting in in todays newspaper ?todays newspaper ?The trees turn The trees turn greengreen in spring. in spring.We are We are alonealone on the island. on the island.只能作表語，不能作定語的形容詞只能作表語，不能作定語的形容詞你能說出幾個？你能說出幾個？alone afraid awake

6、asleep alive 形容詞和賓語一起構成形容詞和賓語一起構成復合復合賓語賓語We must keep the classroom clean.He made us happy. Colour it green. 形容詞做狀語形容詞做狀語形容詞做狀語表示伴隨或結果，并不表示動作的方式。He lay in bed, wide awake. （狀語）He returned home, safe and sound.He is standing there, full of fear.以以-able或或-ble結尾的形容詞可置于前有最高結尾的形容詞可置于前有最高級形容詞或級形容詞或only 等詞

7、修飾的等詞修飾的名詞后面名詞后面。That is the best book available.That is the only solution possible. “形容詞+介詞/不定式”構成的短語做定語時，需后置。The teacher asked me a question toodifficult to answer.當當old,long,high,wide,deep等詞附有數等詞附有數量詞短語做定語時，需后置。量詞短語做定語時，需后置。At that time she was only a girl five years old.Yesterday,I saw a snake a

8、bout a meter long.3.英語中一些形容詞既可以做前置英語中一些形容詞既可以做前置定語也可做后置定語，但意義不同。定語也可做后置定語，但意義不同。present（現在的/在場的）responsible（可依賴的/應負責的）concerned（憂心忡忡的/有關的）proper（適當的/正經的，正式的）involved（復雜難懂的/相關的）absent（心不在焉的/缺席的） the responsible man 可依賴的人 the man responsible 應負責的人the present members現在的成員現在的成員the members present 在場的成員在

9、場的成員the absent students心不在焉的學生the students absent 缺席的學生the concerned teachers憂心忡忡的老師們the teachers concerned(與事情)有關的老師們作修飾語的形容詞的順序作修飾語的形容詞的順序l當名詞中心詞帶有多個形容詞時，起順序大體如下：限定詞一般描繪性形容詞表示大小、長短、高低的形容詞表示形狀的形容詞表示年齡、新舊的形容詞表示顏色的形容詞表示國籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞表示物質、材料的形容詞表示類別、用途的形容詞名詞中心詞。如： a charming small round old brown French

10、 oak writing desk.l限定描述大長高，形狀年齡與新老；l顏色國籍出材料，用途類別往后靠。lall these last few days a light blue silk skirt the first two paragraphs another three English books some beautiful little red flowers副詞及其基本用法副詞及其基本用法l副詞主要用來修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或其他副詞主要用來修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或其他結構以表示程度、方式、時間、地點以及對話結構以表示程度、方式、時間、地點以及對話語的態(tài)度等。語的態(tài)度等。lThe

11、 door acted very quickly.lThe sun appeared rather briefly.lThat machine can cut bread fairly rapidly.副詞的構成和分類副詞的構成和分類l大多數副詞由形容詞后加后綴-ly構成。例如：lpolitepolitely sadsadly immediateimmediately gladgladly 有些副詞即可當形容詞又可作副詞，如fast, hard, well, long, slow, straight 等，還有的采取詞組的形式，如all but, not half, kind of, sort

12、of 等。 用用 法法例例 句句作表語作表語My mother is My mother is outout . .作定語作定語The girl The girl therethere is my friend. is my friend. 作狀語作狀語He runs He runs fastfast . .作賓補作賓補I found him I found him outsideoutside. .四、副詞的分類四、副詞的分類時間副詞時間副詞now, then, today, tomorrow, ago, lately, soon, now, then, today, tomorrow, a

13、go, lately, soon, immediately, often, usually, earlyimmediately, often, usually, early地點副詞地點副詞outside, upstairs, anywhere, up, forward, here, there, outside, upstairs, anywhere, up, forward, here, there, away, in, back, offaway, in, back, off方式副詞方式副詞simply, quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckil

14、y, simply, quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, again, once, easily, togetheragain, once, easily, together程度副詞程度副詞very, quite, rather, extremely, completely, widely, very, quite, rather, extremely, completely, widely, partly, perfectly, badly, toopartly, perfectly, badly, too疑問副詞疑問副詞when, wh

15、ere, why, howwhen, where, why, how關系副詞關系副詞when, where, why (when, where, why (引導定語從句引導定語從句) )連接副詞連接副詞when, where, why, how (when, where, why, how (引導名詞性從句和副詞性引導名詞性從句和副詞性從句從句) )其他其他surely, certainly, really, however, therefore, perhaps, surely, certainly, really, however, therefore, perhaps, moreover

16、, yes, nomoreover, yes, no有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，做有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，做評注性狀語。如：評注性狀語。如：Fortunately, he was not drowned Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.Luckily, he was not hurt in the accident.Obviously, your answer is absolutely wrong.Naturally, you will want to discuss this problem with your paren

17、ts.副詞副詞enough的用法的用法1.enough做副詞用來修飾形容詞、副詞時要放在所修飾詞的后面。如：If I had a long enough holiday, Id visitEurope, stopping at all the small interesting places.Students brave enough to take thisadventure course will certainly learn alot of useful skills.cannot與與enough連用，表示連用，表示“再再也不為過也不為過”。You cannot be careful

18、enough.你再仔細也不為過。還可用：cannottoo/cannotover/can nevertoo-Mary, look, what did I find?-Oh, my lost key? I cant thank you too much.（太感謝你了）-I was riding along the street and all ofA sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.-You can never be too careful in the street.形容詞、副詞的比較等級形容詞、副詞的比較等級一、同級比較1.用asas, no

19、t as/soas, the same as,suchas引導。Tom is a worker as good as Peter =Tom is as good a worker as Peter .Tom does not have so/as many books as I have.His name is the same as his fathers (name).Our neighbour has as a big house as ours.2.as+形容詞形容詞+as+數量詞數量詞=數量詞數量詞+形容詞形容詞The building is as tall as 100 meter

20、s.=The building is 100 meters tall.The well is as deep as 130 meters.=The well is 130 meters deep.看似同等程度比較結構的一些固定看似同等程度比較結構的一些固定習慣用語。習慣用語。as long as只要，有之久as far as到地點，就而言as soon as 一就as well as既又as good as(=very nearly)與幾乎一樣，幾乎，簡直I will work as (so) long as I live. He has experience as well as knowl

21、edge.I will ring you up as soon as I get there.He saw her off as far as the bridgenear the village.-How far apart do they live?-As far as I know, they live in the same neighborhood.二、比較級二、比較級1.比較級的修飾語常見的有：rather, much,still, even, far, any(用于否定句或疑問句），a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, thr

22、ee times等。The students study even harder than before.A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.by far通常用于修飾通常用于修飾最高級最高級。若修飾。若修飾比較級，常放在比較級，常放在比較級之后比較級之后He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the tallest of all the boys.He is by far the taller of the two boys.“the+比較級比較級,the+比較級比較級”表示表示“越越

23、,越越”The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.The longer you stay, the better (it will be).比較級+and+比較級 “越來越”The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.4.the+taller+ of the two+名詞名詞表示表示“兩個中較兩個中較的的”The taller of the two boys is my brother.5.用介詞by表示相差的程度。She is taller than I by three

24、 inches.=She is three inches taller than I.I missed the last train by one minute.6.同一個人或事物的兩種性質的比同一個人或事物的兩種性質的比較，用較，用morethan結構。結構。意為：“與其不如”-Ann acts quite in an unfriendly way.-I think shes more shy than unfriendly.(more shy不可變?yōu)閟hyer)7.比較的對象不能相互包容，常見句型是：1）比較級+than + any other+單數名詞2）比較級+than+all (th

25、e) other+復數名詞3）比較級+than +anyone else4）比較級+than +any of the other+復數名詞5）比較級+than +the rest of+pln./Un.The mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States.China is larger than any other country in Asia.China is larger than any country in Africa.He is taller than any other student

26、 in his class.He is taller than any of the others in his class. He is taller than anyone else in his class.He is taller than the others in his class.He is taller than the other students in his class.8.比較的對象應該相同比較的對象應該相同The climate here is warmer than that of Shanghai.The radios made in our factory a

27、re better than those (made) in your factory.The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.China has a larger population than any other country in the world.9.注意比較結構中的省略現象注意比較結構中的省略現象在日常交際中，彼此都明白的比較對象往往省略。-What do you think of the film?-I have never seen a better one.(

28、than this film.)Toms composition, if not better (than Jacks), is at least as good as Jacks.這種省略現象給考生正確判斷造成一定的障礙，在高考中出現的頻率較高，應引起足夠的重視。10.看似比較級的一些固定用語看似比較級的一些固定用語In no country other than Britain can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.noother than只有，正是。它常用來加強語氣，多用語書面語。More than o

29、ne student was given awaya ticket to the concert.He prefers to stay at home rather thango to the cinema.Hibernation is more than sleep.He is far more pleased at the news.聽到那個消息，他極為高興。The work is more or less finished.工作幾乎完成了。（almost）Tom is not more careful than Jim.湯姆并不比吉姆仔細。湯姆并不比吉姆仔細。Tom is not les

30、s careful than Jim.湯姆的仔細程度不亞于吉姆。I used to earn less than a pound a week when I first started work.no more than含有“少” not more than不多于，不超過no less than 含有“多”的意思not less than 不少于I guess he is not more than twenty.I need not less than 15 dollars.不超過不少于at least11.某些以某些以or結尾的形容詞表示比較結尾的形容詞表示比較時，用時，用to代替代替th

31、an,這些詞一般沒有這些詞一般沒有比較級形式常見的詞有：inferior to(低的，次要的),superior to（好的、強的）,junior to(低的),senior to(較高的),prior to (before)在之前A captain is inferior to a major(少校).He is superior to me in maths.He is three years senior to me.三、最高級三、最高級1.最高級常見的修飾語有：序數詞， by far,nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite,

32、 nothing like（絲毫不像；絕對不）.The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.2.否定+比較級=最高級There is no greater love than that of aman who lays down his life for his friends.He has never spent a more worrying day。-Shall I give you a ri

33、de as you live so far away?-Thank you. It couldnt be better.高考?？家谆禳c高考常考易混點一、表示倍數的幾個句型1times as +形容詞/副詞原級+as2times+ the+性質名詞+ of3times +形容詞比較級+than4.the+名詞+be +times + what從句5.the+名詞+be+times +that/those ofThis table is 3 times as big as that one.=This table is 3 times the size of that one.=This tabl

34、e is twice bigger than that one.這張桌子是那張桌子的三倍大。The output of this year is 3 times thatOf 2005.He did it one-third the time it took me.做那件事他只花了我用的三分之一的時間。二、表示不定數量的常用表達與名二、表示不定數量的常用表達與名詞的搭配關系詞的搭配關系1.修飾可數名詞：(a) few; fewer; (the)fewest; several; (a good) many;a (great/large/small) number of;hundreds of;

35、dozens of;scores of;thousands of2.修飾不可數名詞：a bit of; (a) little; less; a great deal of;A large amount of; (the) least; much3.修飾可數或不可數名詞修飾可數或不可數名詞all; a lot of; lots of; enough; plenty ofA large quantity of; large quantities of;more; most;some;anyWe received a good many offers of support.Plenty of for

36、eign firms have set up factories here.Quantities of food were spread out on the table.A great deal of work has been done toimprove peoples living standards.三、下列形容詞做表語，通常不用三、下列形容詞做表語，通常不用“人人”做主語。做主語。 possible, impossible, probable, necessary, convenient, inconvenientIt is probable that it will rain t

37、oday. It is probable to rain today. It is likely to rain today. It is not convenient to work at weekends. Please come here if you are convenient. You can go there if it is necessary. You can go there if you are necessary. 四、幾組易混形容詞、副詞的比較四、幾組易混形容詞、副詞的比較1.too much, much tootoo much所要表達的是much（多）的意思；muc

38、h too所要表達的是too（太）的意思。The teacher gave us too much homework today.I am much too pleased to see you.2.so,suchso作為副詞，修飾形容詞、副詞；such作為形容詞，修飾名詞。但如果such修飾的是單數可數名詞，且該名詞又被其他形容詞所修飾，即“such+a/an+形容詞+單數名詞”可轉換為“so+形容詞+a/an+單數名詞”He is such a good teacher that we all like him.=He is so good a teacher that we all li

39、ke him.當名詞被當名詞被many,much,few, little（注意：（注意：little作作“少少”，不作，不作“小小”講）修飾講）修飾時，應用so,即： so many/much/few/little+名詞When learning to ride a bicycle, he gotso many falls that he was black andBlue all mon,usual,normal, ordinary common表示“普通的，隨時會發(fā)生或隨處可見的，共同的”，與rare “罕見的，珍稀的”相反。usual表示表示“customary”,即即 “慣常慣常的，通

40、常的，符合習慣的的，通常的，符合習慣的”；normal與與norm（規(guī)范，標準）同源，意為“符合標準的，正常的，正規(guī)的”；ordinary與special（特殊的）相反，意為“普通的，一般的，不特殊的”。Yesterday he got up earlier than usual, for it was not an ordinary day for himDont tell me about that! It is a common sense.What is the normal body temperature?4.slight,weak,tender,softweak身體弱，無力氣的，

41、容易被擊敗的，功能不佳的，無說服力的slight不嚴重的，輕微的，細長的tender脆弱的，心腸軟的，溫和的，文雅的，（肉）嫩的，柔軟的soft軟的，光滑柔軟的，（光線、色彩）柔和的，（風）溫和的，（聲音）輕柔的，有同情心的，缺乏勇氣的5.well,healthy兩個詞都可理解為“身體好”，但是well常表示短期的或暫時的身體狀態(tài)，healthy表示較長時間的身體狀態(tài)。-Are you feeling well?-No, Im not feeling well now.They are healthy children. 6.通通,常情況下常情況下very,too,so,quite,fairl

42、y等副詞不能修飾等副詞不能修飾比較比較級級。修飾形容詞。修飾形容詞able,impossible,right,wrong,mistaken等一般不用等一般不用very,通常用通常用quite.E,g. Im quite able to pay for the dress. Youre quite mistaken.7.fairly與 rather1)不定冠詞 a可放在rather 前或后，但只能放在fairly前。a fairly good story a rather cold day/rather a cold day2)rather 通常含有“不適當”之意，而fairly通常含有“適當”

43、之意。Its fairly warm in spring.Its rather cold today.3)rather可以和可以和-ed形式、比較級或形式、比較級或too連用，連用，而而fairly不能。不能。My brother is rather better today.This book is rather too difficult for thejuniors but rather too easy for the seniors.7.very/much1)very修飾形容詞或副詞的原級，much修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級。修飾動詞時要用much或very much。I like t

44、he book very much.2)very 修飾用作形容詞的現在分詞。修飾用作形容詞的現在分詞。very interesting very exciting very amusing very inspiring3)very修飾某些已被習慣上已被用作形容詞的過去分詞。如：frightened, satisfied,disappointed,excited,interested,upset,delighted,pleased,surprised,troubled,worried等She is very tired.My English is very limited.4)much 修飾動詞

45、意義較強的過去分詞時，例如： The bike was much damaged by a collision. 自行車在相撞中嚴重地損壞了。5)修飾只能用作表語的形容詞時，例如： She is much afraid that plan wont work. 她深怕那方案行不通。 6)修飾動詞時，例如： I should much like to have your opinion. 我很想得到你的意見。 7)修飾介詞短語時，例如： They were much of a sort. 他們差不多是同類的。 He is much at his ease. 他感到很自在。5).在在like作為介

46、詞時，其前可用作為介詞時，其前可用much,也可也可用用very來修飾，例如：來修飾，例如： He is much (very) like his father.他很像他的父親。 4.very much是much的強調說法，凡是可用much的地方，都可用very much。在修飾只能用作表語的形容詞，和一般處于表語地位的過去分詞時，用very much最為恰當，例如： He is very much satisfied with my reply. 他對我的答復感到非常滿意。 She is very much afraid that the plan wont work.她深怕那方案行不通8.

47、already,yet,stillalready表示某事已經發(fā)生;yet表示期待某事發(fā)生；still表示某事還在進行，主要用于肯定句。He has already finished his homework.He hasnt finished his homework yet.He is still doing his homework now.9.too,also,as well和和either的用法的用法too可用于句中，但要用逗號隔開，也可用在句尾.as well常用在句尾。also用于句中否定句中用either。I，too,want to go with you.I want to g

48、o with you, too.I also want to go with you.He can speak English and he can speak Japanese as wellHe has not been to Brazil, either.10.具有兩種形式的副詞具有兩種形式的副詞英語中有的副詞兼有兩種形式：一種是與形容詞同形；另一種是在該形容詞后面加副詞詞綴-ly構成。這兩種形式的副詞在詞義上和用法上有一定的差異，有的甚至完全不同。firm穩(wěn)固地 firmly堅固地direct徑直地 directly恰好，直接，坦率地free自由地、免費地 freely自由自在地fla

49、t平淡地 flatly直截了當地short突然（突然（=suddenly）, shortly不久不久even甚至 evenly平均地clean完全地、徑直地 cleanly清潔地clear隔開、不接觸 clearly清晰地，明顯地close近 closely緊密地、接近地easy安適地 easily容易地dead突然地，完全地 deadly死一般地、非常 fair公平地，正直地 fairly相當地hard努力地 hardly幾乎沒有、幾乎不most最 mostly重要地 right直接地，徑直地、立即 rightly公正地、合理地、正確地high高高地高高地 highly高度地高度地just正

50、好 justly公正地late遲、晚 lately最近near近 nearly幾乎pretty相當地 prettily優(yōu)美地sharp突然地、急劇地 sharply嚴厲地I clean forgot to ask her.Jack caught the ball cleanly.He lives close by the village.We must look closely at the problems.After a days hard work, he was dead tired.The book is deadly dull.The birds are flying high.He is a highly skilled worker.He has been working late.I havent seen him lately.The film director is pretty known.非常We are prettily dressed.穿