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1、 牛津英語學(xué)習(xí)資料 如皋英語培訓(xùn)網(wǎng) 陸洪 編 英語國際音標(biāo)表(48個)元音(20個)輔音(28個)長元音/i:/:/U:/:/:/短元音/e/æ/ /雙元音/e/a/a/e/爆破音/p/b/ t/d/ / k/g/摩擦音/f/v/ð/ /s/z/ / h/破擦音/ts/dz/ /tr/dr/t/d/鼻音/m/n/ / 舌側(cè)音/ /半元音/ r/ j/ w/中學(xué)語法大全 代詞2.1 人稱代詞的用法1)人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語或主語補(bǔ)語,例如:
2、John waited a while but eventually he went home.約翰等了一會兒,最后他回家了。 John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。說明:在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從句主語相同,代詞主語要用在從句中,名詞主語用在主句中,例如: When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.約翰一到就直接去銀行了。2)人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語,但在口語中也能作主語補(bǔ)語,第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語,
3、例如:I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他們在一起,至少我認(rèn)為是她。(her做賓 語,them做介詞賓語,her作主語補(bǔ)語) a. - Who broke the vase?-誰打碎了花瓶? b. - Me.-我。(me作主語補(bǔ)語= It's me.)說明:在上面兩例句中,her和me分別作主語補(bǔ)語。現(xiàn)代英語中多用賓格,在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為she和I。返回頂端2.2 人稱代詞之主、賓格的替換1) 賓格代替主格 a.在簡短對話中,當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨使用或在not 后,多用賓語。- I like English.-
4、我喜歡英語。- Me too.-我也喜歡。- Have more wine?-再來點酒喝嗎?- Not me.-我可不要了。 b.在表示比較的非正式的文體中,常用賓格代替主格。 但如果比較狀語的謂語保留,則主語只能用主格。 He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am.2) 主格代替賓格 a. 在介詞but,except 后,有時可用主格代替賓格。 b. 在電話用語中常用主格。 - I wish to speak to Mary. -我想和瑪麗通話。 - This is she. -我就是瑪麗。注意:在動詞be 或to be 后的人稱代詞視其前面
5、的名詞或代詞而定。 I thought it was she. 我以為是她。(主格-主格) I thought it to be her.(賓格-賓格) I was taken to be she.我被當(dāng)成了她。(主格-主格)They took me to be her.他們把我當(dāng)成了她。 (賓格-賓格)返回頂端2.3 代詞的指代問題1)不定代詞 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one, 及whoever和person在正式場合使用時,可用he, his, him代替。 Nobody came, did he?誰也沒來
6、,是嗎?2)動物名詞的指代一般用it或they代替,有時也用he, she,帶有親切的感情色彩。 Give the cat some food. She is hungry.給這貓一些吃的。她餓了。3)指代車或國家,船舶的名詞,含感情色彩時常用she。2.4 并列人稱代詞的排列順序1) 單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時,其順序為: 第二人稱 > 第三人稱 > 第一人稱you > he/she;it -> I You, he and I should return on time.2) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語時,其順序為: 第一人稱 > 第二人稱 > 第三人稱we>
7、you >They注意: 在下列情況中,第一人稱放在前面。a. 在承認(rèn)錯誤,承擔(dān)責(zé)任時, It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和約翰惹她生氣了。b. 在長輩對晚輩,長官對下屬說話時,如長官為第一人稱, 如:I and you try to finish it.c. 并列主語只有第一人稱和第三人稱時,d. 當(dāng)其他人稱代詞或名詞被定語從句修飾時。2.5 物主代詞1)物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用,例如: John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his
8、desk. 約翰割破了手指,顯而易見,他桌子上有個破玻璃杯。 物主代詞有形容詞性(my, your等)和名詞性(mine, yours等)兩種,形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞。 名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了中心名詞的-'s屬格結(jié)構(gòu),例如:Jack's cap 意為 The cap is Jack's.His cap 意為 The cap is his.2) 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能a. 作主語,例如:May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎? 你的比我的好用。b. 作賓語,例如:I love my mot
9、herland as much as you love yours.我愛我的祖國就像你愛你的祖國一樣深。c. 作介詞賓語,例如:Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.你應(yīng)當(dāng)按我所用的詞義去解釋我說的話,而不能按你自己的意義去解釋。d. 作主語補(bǔ)語,例如:The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours.我的生命屬于你,屬于你,屬于你。返回頂端2.6 雙重所有格物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these,
10、those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等詞一起前置,修飾一個名詞,而必須用雙重所有格。公式為: a, an, this, that +名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。如: a friend of mine.each brother of his.返回頂端2.7 反身代詞1) 列表I you you she hemyself yourself yourselves herself himselfwe they it oneourselves themselves itself oneself2)做賓語 a.
11、有些動詞需有反身代詞 absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我們昨晚玩得很開心。 Please help yourself to some fish. 請你隨便吃點魚。 b. 用于及物動詞+賓語+介詞 take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth. I could not dress (myself) up at that time.那個時候我不能打扮我
12、自己。注:有些動詞后不跟反身代詞, get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。Please sit down.請坐。3) 作表語; 同位語be oneself: I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。4) 在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況下,but, except, for 等介詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞賓格均可。如:No one but myself (me) is hurt.注意:a. 反身代詞本身不能單獨作主語。(錯) Myself drove the car.(對
13、) I myself drove the car.我自己開車。b. 但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語中,第二個主語可用反身代詞,特別是myself 作主語。Charles and myself saw it.5)第二人稱作賓語,要用反身代詞。You should be proud of yourself.你應(yīng)為自己感到驕傲。返回頂端2.8 相互代詞1)相互代詞只有each other和one another兩個詞組。他們表示句中動詞所敘述的動作或感覺在涉及的各個對象之間是相互存在的,例如:It is easy to see that the people of different c
14、ultures have always copied each other.顯而易見,不同文化的人總是相互借鑒的。2) 相互代詞的句法功能:a. 作動詞賓語;People should love one another. 人們應(yīng)當(dāng)彼此相愛。b. 可作介詞賓語;Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other. 吠、雞鳴、蛙兒對唱。說明:傳統(tǒng)語法認(rèn)為,相互關(guān)系存在于兩個人或物之間用each other, 存在于兩個以上人和物之間用one another。現(xiàn)代英語中,兩組詞交替使用的實例也很多,例如:He put all the books besi
15、de each other.他把所有書并列擺放起來。He put all the books beside one another.他把所有書并列擺放起來。Usually these small groups were independent of each other.這些小團(tuán)體通常是相互獨立的。c. 相互代詞可加-'s構(gòu)成所有格,例如: The students borrowed each other's notes.學(xué)生們互借筆記。返回頂端2.9 指示代詞1) 指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,例
16、如:單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)限定詞:This girl is Mary.Those men are myteachers.代詞:This is Mary. Those are myteachers.2) 指示代詞的句法功能;a. 作主語 This is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。 b. 作賓語 I like this better than that. 我喜歡這個甚至那個。 c. 作主語補(bǔ)語 My point is this. 我的觀點就是如此。 d. 作介詞賓語 I don't say no to that. 我并未拒絕那個。 There is no fear of th
17、at. 那并不可怕。說明1:指示代詞在作主語時可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分時只能指物,不能指人,例如:(對)That is my teacher.那是我的老師。( that作主語,指人)(對)He is going to marry this girl.他要和這個姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞)(錯)He is going to marry this.(this作賓語時不能指人)(對)I bought this.我買這個。(this指物,可作賓語)說明2:That和those可作定語從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時,在作先行詞時,只有those可指人,試比較:(對) He a
18、dmired that which looked beautiful.他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。(對) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)(錯) He admired that who danced well.(that作賓語時不能指人)(對) He admired those who danced well.他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人)(對) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物)返回頂端2.10 疑問代詞1) 疑問
19、代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來構(gòu)成疑問句。疑問代詞有下列幾個:指人: who, whom, whose指物: what既可指人又可指物: which2) 疑問代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語動詞之前,沒有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。試比較:疑問代詞:Whose are these books on the desk?桌上的書是誰的?What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?美國的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張是朝哪個方向的?限定詞:Whose books are these on t
20、he desk?桌上的書是誰的?What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國?說明1: 無論是做疑問代詞還是限定詞,which 和 what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無限的,而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi),例如: Which girls do you like best? 你喜歡哪幾個姑娘? What girls do you like best? 你喜歡什么樣的姑娘?說明2:Whom是w
21、ho的賓格,在書面語中,它作動詞賓語或介詞賓語,在口語中作賓語時,可用who代替,但在介詞后只能用whom, 例如:Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了誰?(作動詞賓語)Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把這書帶給誰?(作介詞賓語,置句首)To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校園里和誰講話了?(作介詞賓語,置介詞 后,不能用who取代。)說明3:疑問代詞用于對介詞賓語提問時,過去的文體中介詞和疑問代詞通常一起放在句首,現(xiàn)代英語中,疑問代詞在句首,介詞在句未,例如:F
22、or what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(舊文體)What are you looking for? 你在找什么?(現(xiàn)代英語)說明4:疑問代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,例如:I can't make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在。Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?你能告訴我床上的藍(lán)襯衣是誰的嗎?Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way
23、 with you.你說的我大部分同意,但并不完全贊同。返回頂端2.11 關(guān)系代詞1) 關(guān)系代詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。它代表先行詞,同時在從句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我講話的姑娘是我表妹。(該句中whom既代表先行詞the girl,又在從句中作介詞to的賓語。)2) 關(guān)系代詞有主格,賓格和屬格之分,并有指人與指物之分。在限定性定語從句中,that 可指人也可指物,見下: 限定性非限定性限定性 指人指物指人或指物主 格who which that賓 格 whomthat that屬 格 whose of which/w
24、hose of which/whose例如: This is the pencil whose point is broken. 這就是那個折了尖的鉛筆。 (whose 指物,在限定性定語從句中作定語) He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回來取他丟下的書。(which指物,在限定性定語從句中作賓語,可以省略)3) 關(guān)系代詞which的先行詞可以是一個句子,例如:He said he saw me there, which was a lie.他說在那兒看到了我,純屬謊言。說明: 關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語或表語時可省略, 例
25、如: I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew. 我過去懂拉丁語,現(xiàn)在大都忘了。 He's changed. He's not the man he was.他變化很大,已不是過去的他了。返回頂端2.12 every, no, all, both,.1)不定代詞有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anyt
26、hing, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。2) 不定代詞的功能與用法 a.除every 和no外不定代詞既可用作名詞,也可用作形容詞。every和no在句中只能作定語。I have no idea about it. b.all 都,指三者以上。all 的主謂一致:all的單復(fù)數(shù)由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。All goes well. 一切進(jìn)展得很好。all 通常不與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,如:不說 all the bo
27、ok,而說 the whole book。但all可與表時間的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,如 all day,all night,all the year; 但習(xí)慣上不說 all hour,all century。all還可以與一些特殊的單數(shù)名詞連用,如 all China,all the city,all my life, all the way3) both都,指兩者。 a.both 與復(fù)數(shù)動詞連用,但 both and可與單數(shù)名詞連用。 b.both, all 都可作同位語,其位置在行為動詞前, be 動詞之后。如果助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面的實義動詞省 去,則位于助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之前。Who can
28、speak Japanese?We both (all) can.4)neither兩者都不 a.neither作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 b. 作定語與單數(shù)名詞連用,但neither nor 用作并列連詞,可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。其謂語采用就近原則。 c.可用于下列句型,避免重復(fù)。She can't sing,neither (can) he. neither 與nor d.如前句是否定式從句,則主句用neither,而不用 nor。If you don't do it,neither should I.如果你不干,我也不干。 e. 如后連續(xù)有幾個否定句式,則用nor,不用neit
29、her。He can't sing,nor dance,nor skate.返回頂端2.13 none, few, some, any,.一、 none 無 1) none作主語,多與of 構(gòu)成短語 none of。 在答語中,none可單獨使用。 Are there any pictures on the wall?None. 2) none作主語,謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可。但如做表語,則其單復(fù)數(shù)與表語一致。 It is none of your business.二、few 一些,少數(shù)few 作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),多用于肯定句。三、some 一些 1) 可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連用。
30、 2) 當(dāng)做"某一"解時,也可與單數(shù)名詞連用。(= a certain) You will be sorry for this some day. 總有一天,你會后悔這件事的。 A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule. 某些人不同意你的看法。注意:(1)在肯定疑問句中用some代替any。(2)some用于其他句式中: a.肯定疑問句中:說話人認(rèn)為對方的答案會是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答時。 Would you like句式中,表委婉請求或建議,如:Would you like some coffee? b.在
31、條件狀語從句中表示確定的意義時,如:If you need some help,let me know. c. some位于主語部分,Some students haven't been there before. d. 當(dāng)否定的是整體中的部分時,some可用于否定句。如:I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years.這些年我沒有收到一些老朋友的信。四、any 一些 1)any 多用于否定句和疑問句和條件狀語從句中。當(dāng)句中含有任何的意思時,any可用于肯定句。Here are three novels. You
32、may read any.這有三本小說,你可任讀一本。五、one, ones 為復(fù)數(shù)形式 ones必須和形容詞連用。如果替代的名詞時無形容詞在前,則用some, any,而不用ones。Have you bought any rulers?Yes,I 've bought some.返回頂端2.14 代詞比較辯異one, that和itone表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that與所指名詞為同類,但不是同一個,而it 與所指名詞為同一個。I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我該去買一頂。T
33、he hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同類但不同個)你買的那頂帽子比我買的大。I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。返回頂端2.15 one/another/the otherone the other只有兩個some the others 有三個以上one another,anothersome others,othersothers = other people/thingsthe others = t
34、he rest剩余的全部1) 泛指另一個用another。2) 一定范圍內(nèi)兩人(物),一個用one,另一個用the other。3) 一定范圍內(nèi)三者,一個用one,另一個用one (another),第三個可用the other,a third。4) 一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others。5) 泛指別的人或物時,用others當(dāng)在一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部時,也用others。返回頂端2.16 "the"的妙用He is one of the students who help me. He is the one of the s
35、tudents who helps me. 他是幫我的學(xué)生之一。 第一句定語從句與the students 一致。 第二句定語從句與the one 一致。返回頂端2.17 anyone/any one;.1anyone 和 any one anyone僅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。2no one 和nonea) none 后跟of短語,既可指人又可指物,而no one只單獨使用,只指人。b) none 作主語,謂語動詞用單,復(fù)數(shù)均可,而no one作主語謂語動詞只能是單數(shù)。None of you could lift it. 你們中沒有人可舉起它。- Did any one cal
36、l me up just now?-剛才有人打電話給我嗎?- No one. -沒有。3every 和each1)every 強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念, each強(qiáng)調(diào)個體概念。 Every student in our school works hard.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。 Each student may have one book.每個學(xué)生都可有一本書。2)every 指三個以上的人或物(含三個),each指兩個以上的人或物 (含兩個)。3)every 只作形容詞,不可單獨使用。each可作代詞或形容詞。 Every student has to take one. Each boy has
37、to take one. Each of the boys has to take one.4)every不可以作狀語,each可作狀語。5)every 有反復(fù)重復(fù)的意思,如 every two weeks等; each沒有。6)every 與not 連用,表示部分否定; each 和not連用表示全部否定。Every man is not honest. 并非每個人都誠實。Each man is not honest.這兒每個人都不誠實。返回頂端2.18 both, either, neither,.這些詞都可用作代詞或形容詞。其位置都在be 動詞之后,行為動詞之前或第一助動詞之后。1)bo
38、th (兩者都),either(兩者中任何一個), neither (兩者都不)。以上詞使用范圍為兩個人或物。Neither of the two boys is clever.兩個男孩都不聰明。2) both,either both與復(fù)數(shù)連用,either與單數(shù)連用。 Both the boys are clever. 兩個男孩都很聰明。 Either of the two boys is clever. 兩個男孩都很聰明。 There are flowers on both sides of the street. (兩岸) There are flowers on either side
39、 of the street. (岸的兩邊)路邊長滿了野花。3) all (所有的,全部的人或物),any (任何一個), none (都不)。 以上詞使用范圍為三者以上。 All the flowers are gone.所有的花都謝了。 I don't like any of the flowers.這些花我都不喜歡。 I like none of the flowers.這些花我都不喜歡。注意:all與none用法一樣。跟單數(shù)名詞,用單數(shù)動詞;跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,用復(fù)數(shù)動詞。All of the students are there. 所有的學(xué)生都在那。All (of) the milk
40、 is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。返回頂端2.19 many, muchMany,much都意為"許多", many + 可數(shù)名詞,much + 不可數(shù)名詞。 How many people are there at the meeting? How much time has we left? Many of the workers were at the meeting.Much of the time was spent on learning.返回頂端2.20 few, little, a few,.(a) few + 可數(shù)名詞, (a) little + 不
41、可數(shù)名詞a few / a little 為肯定含義,還有一點few / little為否定含義,沒有多少了。He has a few friends.他有幾個朋友。He has few friends. 他幾乎沒有朋友。We still have a little time. 我們還有點時間。There is little time left.幾乎沒剩下什么時間了。典型例題: Although he 's wealthy,he spends_ on clothes. A. little B. fewC. a little D. a few 答案: A. spend所指的是錢,不可數(shù),
42、只能用little或 a little. 本句為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,由句意知后句為否定含義,因此應(yīng)用little表示幾乎不。固定搭配:only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many)many a (=many)Many books were sold.Many a book was sold. 賣出了許多書。中學(xué)語法大全 倒裝2.21 倒裝句之全部倒裝全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有:1) here, there, now, then, thus等副
43、詞置于句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter.2) 表示運(yùn)動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首,謂語表示運(yùn)動的動詞。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意:上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。 Here he comes. Away they went.返回頂端2.22 倒裝句之部分倒裝部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部
44、分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞,則需添加助動詞do, does或did,并將其置于主語之前。1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the r
45、oom.當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。注意: 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例題1)Why can't I smoke here?At no time_ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD.does smoki
46、ng permit答案A. 這是一個倒裝問題。當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時,其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2) Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did m
47、an know答案D. 看到Not until的句型,我們知道為一倒裝句,答案在C,D 中選一個。改寫為正常語序為,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。2.23 以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hard
48、ly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例題No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B.has the game begunC. did the game begin D.had the game begun答案D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時,一般采用倒裝句(謂語前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom,
49、scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not onlybut (also), no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when等等。注意:只有當(dāng)Not only but also連接兩個分句時,才在第一個分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only but also僅連接兩個并列詞語,不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Not only you but also I am fond of music.返回頂端2.24 so, either, nor作部分倒裝表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒裝。To
50、m can speak French. So can Jack.If you won't go, neither will I.典型例題-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?-I don't know, _.A. nor don't I careB. nor do I careC. I don't care neitherD. I don't care also答案:B. nor為增補(bǔ)意思"也不關(guān)心",因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A錯在用 don't 再次否定, C neither 用法
51、不對且缺乏連詞。 D缺乏連詞。 注意: 當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實或肯定時,不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. -It's raining hard.-So it is.2.25 only在句首要倒裝的情況Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子為主從復(fù)合句,則主句倒裝,從
52、句不倒裝 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.2.26 as, though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 (形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前)。注意: 1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。 2) 句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語, 隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意:讓步狀語從句中,有though,although時,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用。2.27 其他部分倒裝1) so that 句型中的so 位于句首時,需倒裝。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中:May you all be happy.3)在虛擬語氣條件句中從
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