同位語從句講解及練習(xí)

1、_同位語從句 辨認(rèn)同位語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。一個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或說明，這個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。1. 名詞作同位語Mr. Wang, my child s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來看我們。2. 短語作同位語I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作為家里最大的女孩，老得

2、照料家中的其他孩子。3.直接引語作同位語But now the question comes to their minds,“ Did she die young because shewasa clone? ”但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題：“多利早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿幔俊?.句子作同位語The girls were surprised at the fact thatocean ships can sail up the Greatlakes.巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。 同位語從句用法一、同位語從句一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。I heard

3、 the news that our team had won我聽到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息?？梢愿徽Z從句的抽象名詞通常有news，idea ， fact ， promise ， question ， doubt ，thought ， hope ， message， suggestion， words （消息）， possibility等。（承諾信息主意是事實(shí)；疑問想法與問題；希望消息建議是潛力。）I ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won t be able to see you thisafternoon 我從王先生那里來，他讓我告訴

4、你他今天下午不能來看你了。在某些名詞表“建議，命令，要求等”( 如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等 )后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣（即 should+ 動(dòng)詞原形； should可?。㏕here was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)。同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)：同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞(word 除外 ) 加以修飾。Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪兒聽說

5、我不能來？二、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞 that ，whether, 連接代詞 what ，who。連接副詞 how, when, where 等。（注： if, which 不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 ）1.連詞 that引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你認(rèn)為不動(dòng)腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。（作 idea 的同位語）【注意】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。He grabbed h

6、is suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。2.連詞 whether 引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句）精品資料_The question whether we should callina specialistwas answered by the family doctor.我們是否請(qǐng)專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否

7、同意這樣一個(gè)問題。3. 其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句A、連接代詞 what, who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)同位語從句1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿幾號(hào)的鞋。 （what 作定語）2).The question who will take his place is still not clear.（ who 作主語）B、連接副詞 when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)同位語從句Wehaven t yet settled the questionwhere we are going to spend our sum

8、mer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。l have no idea When he will be back我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.三、有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。Several years later， word ca

9、me that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them幾年以后，有消息傳來說拿破侖要親自視察他們。定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別1. 意義的不同同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語通常可以劃等號(hào)；而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來：We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come，故 that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)We are gladat the news thath

10、e toldus.聽到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news 的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news 而不是其他的news，故 that從句為定語從句)2. 被修飾詞語的區(qū)別A定語從句的先行詞是名詞或代詞；而同位語從句的先行詞只能是名詞，而且僅限于idea ，plan ， fact ， theory ，promise ，hope，news，doubt ， truth， information， suggestion，question ， thought， belief， conclusion等少數(shù)名詞。例如： The boy who is playing

11、 football is my classmate Those who work hard will succeed The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody The fact that you are talking about is important在句中， 劃線部分是定語從句，其先行詞是名詞boy ，它不能用作同位語從句的先行詞。在句中，劃線部分也是定語從句，其先行詞是代詞those ，代詞不能用作同位語從句的先行詞。精品資料_在句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，其先行詞是名詞fact ，它同樣可以用作定語從句的先行

12、詞，句便是一例。由以上分析可見，同位語從句的先行詞一定可以用作定語從句的先行詞，但定語從句的先行詞不一定能用作同位語從句的先行詞。Bwhen，where，why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞一定分別是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的名詞，而三者引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的先行詞則肯定不是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的名詞。例如： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing I have no idea when she will be back在句中，劃線部分是when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞day 是表示時(shí)間的名詞；在句中，劃線部分是when 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句

13、， 其先行詞idea 則不是表示時(shí)間的名詞。3. 引導(dǎo)詞的不同定語從句和同位語從句共同的引導(dǎo)詞有四個(gè)：that ， when， where ， why。下面把四個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞分成兩類說明它們?cè)趦煞N從句中的不同用法。A引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句的that叫做關(guān)系代詞，它除了起連接作用，還在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定成分，并且在意義上代表先行詞；引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that叫做從屬連詞，它只起連接作用。不能省略。例如： The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting We heard the news that our team had won在句中，

14、劃線部分是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語，在意義上指代先行詞news。在句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，that沒有任何意義，只起連接作用。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例that he told us中的 that就充當(dāng) told的賓語。B引導(dǎo)詞when， where， why引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，它們叫做關(guān)系副詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成" 介詞關(guān)系代詞 " 的形式；引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，它們叫做連接副詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞關(guān)系代詞" 的形式

15、。例如： I will never forget the day when I joined the army We have no idea when she was born在句中，劃線部分是定語從句，when在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成on which 的形式；在句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，when 在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成" 介詞關(guān)系代詞 " 的形式。 This is the house where I lived two years ago He put forward to the question where the meeting would be h

16、eld在句中，劃線部分是定語從句，where 在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成in which的形式；在句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，where 在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成" 介詞關(guān)系代詞 " 的形式。精品資料_ This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent在句中，劃線部分是定語從句，why 在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成forwhich 的形式；在句 中，劃線部分是同位語從句， why 在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成 &quo

17、t; 介詞關(guān)系代詞 " 的形式。同位語從句- 相關(guān)語法1、同位語從句在句中的位置1. 一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞( 如 news，idea ，fact ，promise ，hope ，message等) 的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。I ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won t be able to see you thisafternoon.我從王先生那邊得知一個(gè)消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。2. 有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。The thou

18、ght came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她離開家時(shí)沒把門關(guān)上。2、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞(word 除外 ) 加以修飾。Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪兒聽說我不能來？3、同位語從句的語氣在 suggestion ， advice ， request ，order 等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形

19、”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的should 可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。4、同位語從句的先行詞同位語從句的先行詞通常是抽象名詞，常見的有：idea, situation thought, fact,evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。How did the cheatsexplainthe factthatthe Emperor did

20、n'tfeelthe new clothesin him?皇帝覺得身上并沒有穿上新衣，對(duì)這個(gè)問題騙子是怎樣解釋的?代詞 it可用作同位語從句的先行詞。這個(gè)it常放在某些動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞后作賓語，同時(shí)兼作其后that同位語從句的先行詞。I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸虧你，我現(xiàn)在還活著。有的語法學(xué)家把先行詞it后的 that從句看作是動(dòng)詞或介詞的真正賓語。一般認(rèn)為，這種 it后的 that從句應(yīng)看作it的同位語，因?yàn)樗喈?dāng)于“主語+be+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)。You must see to it that the children don't c

21、atch cold. (=You must see to it,and It is that the children don't catch cold.)你要當(dāng)心，別讓孩子們著涼了。5、短語及固定句式后的同位語從句I will come on condition that John is invited.如果約翰也被邀請(qǐng)的話，我就來。簡析：短語On condition,on supposition,on the ground(s),on the understanding,with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumpt

22、ion及句式There BE+nodoubt(hope, chance, possibility,) 后的 that從句為同位語從句。精品資料_練習(xí)題1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact2."Is Mary from New York City " "I don't know _."A. from what city does she come fromB. fr

23、om what city she comeC. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from3._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I gotB. because of gettingC. I gotD. that I got5. It worried her a bit _

24、her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why _. A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done so7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _. A. how he is getting alongB. how is he getting along C. what he is getting alongD

25、. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it is10. I am sure _ he said is true.A. that B. abo

26、ut that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came here _ yet. A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not bee 12.I wonder how much _.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch cost C. the watch costed D. the watch costs13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her. A. afraid of B. af

27、raid about C. afraid that D. afraid for 14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes lateD. Being a few minutes late精品資料_15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer. A. that not all things can be do

28、neB. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be doneD. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I don't doubt _ he'll come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether18.&q

29、uot;Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang ""Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to."A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation. A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere was

30、her woman, yet she's now buying a big house. Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved _.A. what little she earns B. how little she earns C. for little she earns D. with little she earns21._ surprisedme most was _ such a littleboy ofseven couldplaytheviolin so well.A. That.what B. What.that C.

31、That.which D. What.which22. We gave him _ help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him. A. that B. which C. all what D. all that24. Excuse me would you please tell me _A. when the sports meet is taken placeB. when is the sports

32、 meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to beginD. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know _A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wears C. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.

33、A. how you have observedB. how what you have observed C. that you have observedD. how that you have observed27. Where do you think _A. has he gone B. has he beenC. he's goneD. was he精品資料_28. Do you know _A. how many populations there are in the worldB. how much population there is in the worldC.

34、 how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see _ outsideA. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. The subjectof "What isinterestingisthatI do not even know him."is_.A. what B. in

35、teresting C. What is interesting D. I31._ I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he isB. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He didn't know which room _. A. they lived B. they lived inC. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate _ his mot

36、her gave him. A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer _.A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be 35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all what36._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of goo

37、d.A. If.do B. That.doC. If.does D. That.does37._ was the idea _ the wife thought ofA. What.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how38._ did he tell his wife _ he wished to doA. That.what B. What.that C. Where.which D. Which.where39.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what that B

38、. that what C. that which D. which that40. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work. A. if B. that C. whether D. which41."Do you know _ " "His father is a doctor." A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father is42. Is this _ we met eac

39、h other two years ago A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which43. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that44.We allknow the truth_ thereare air,water and sunlightthereare livingthings.精品資料_A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever45. Th

40、ey discussed _ they could settle the problem without others' help. A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked _.A. what I was doing when she rang me upB. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doingD. when did she ring me up what I was doing47. - May I borrow th

41、e ring- You can take _ you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that48. He said that he was fond of _. A. what beautiful is B. what is beautifulC. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there. A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, w

42、as sent D. be, send50. Do you know _ he expects will give us a talkA. who B. whom C. that D. whose51. It's uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing. A. if B. that C. whether D. how52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _ it was a holiday. A. except B. except for C. except that D. but

43、 for53._ is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hard54._ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which55. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion _ for a walk

44、in the park. A.we go B.we will go C.should we go D.that we go56._ we can't get seems better than _ we have. A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what 57._ you don't like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether58. You can't imagine _ when they received t

45、hese nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited59._ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60_he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. Why that

46、 D. If what61._is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who62._we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.精品資料_A. When B. Why C. What D. That63._the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D.

47、What64._he won't go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This65._you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether66._makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody67._team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If

48、 D. How68.Three days later, word came _our country had sent up another man-madesatellite.A. which B. when C. that D. where69.The problem is _will go to the meeting.A. why B. when C. what D. who70.It looks _ it were going to rain.A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like71.That is _ he likes the pla

49、ce so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how72.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why73.We thought _ strange that Tom did not come yesterday.A. that B. it C. this D. what74.The fact _ she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. which B. what C. that D. how75.What I'm considering now _ the money we need.A. is B. are C. were D. was76.Can you tell me _A. who i