小學(xué)定冠詞和不定冠詞

1、冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an ），定冠詞（the ），和零冠詞。I. 不定冠詞的用法：1指一類人或事，相當(dāng)于 a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示 “每一 ”相當(dāng)于 every ， oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示 “相同 ”相當(dāng)于 the sameWe are nearly of an age.用于人名前， 表示不認(rèn)識此人或與某名人有A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were o

2、ut5類似性質(zhì)的人或事That boy is rather a Lei Feng.A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a6 用于固定詞組中walk, many a time用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such7This room is rather a big one.之后8用于 so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II. 定冠詞的用法：1表示某一類人或物The horse

3、is a useful animal.2用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于樂器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the reach, the living, the wounded16表示 “一家人 ”或 “夫婦 ”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前He is the taller of the tw

4、o children.用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名the United States, the Communist Party of China,8詞前the French9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個年代in the 1990 s11用于表示單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時間的12He patted me on the shoulder.詞組前III. 零冠詞的用法：專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等

5、名1Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air詞前名詞前有 this, my, whose, some, no, each,I want this book, not that one. /Whose purse is2every 等限制this?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5學(xué)科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6

6、與 by 連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land7以 and 連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful animals.冠詞重點知識歸納及講解2（一）概說1 冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立擔(dān)任一個成分，只能附著在一個名詞上，幫助說明其詞義。英語中有兩個冠詞：1 ）定冠詞the2 ）不定冠詞a/an定冠詞 the 通常讀作 ，在元音前讀作i ，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)或單念時讀作i: 。不定冠詞在元音音素開始的單詞前用an 這個形式，讀作n ；在其

7、他情況下則使用a，讀作 。2 冠詞的基本意義不定冠詞a/an 與數(shù)詞 one 同源，表示 “一個 ”的意思，用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。例如：She is a nurse.她是個護(hù)士。He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife.他是一位英國人，有一個愛爾蘭妻子。定冠詞 the ，與 this 同源，有 “這（那）個 ”的意思，但比較弱，表示一（幾）個特定的人或東西，有時可譯作 “這個（些） ”或 “那個（些） ”。例如：That s the book you want.這就是你要的那本書。Who s the young man over there?那邊那個年輕人是

8、誰？但在很多情況下，“這 ”或 “那”這類詞在譯文中并不出現(xiàn)。例如：Put it on the table.把它放在桌上。Shut the door, please.請把門關(guān)上。3 特指和泛指3一般來說，名詞有特指和泛指兩種情況，請比較下面的句子：A gentleman is asking to see you.有位先生要求見你。 （泛指）Ask the gentleman to come in.請那位先生進(jìn)來。 （特指）在特指時一般前面要加定冠詞，而泛指時則有三種情況：1 ）在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前加不定冠詞。例如：She sent me a postcard她寄給我一張明信片。2 ）在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

9、前可不加冠詞，可使用some, any這類詞。例如：These are new words.這些是生詞。She sent me some flowers.她送給我一些花。3 ）在不可數(shù)名詞前多不加什么，有時也可加some, any等。例如：It s lovely weather.天氣真好。Do you want any sugar in your tea?你茶里要放點糖嗎？Give us some help.給我們一些幫助。（二）不定冠詞的基本用法1 泛指某一類人或事物中的一個，代表某一類別（不一定譯為“一 ”）如： His father is a doctor.他父親是醫(yī)生。2代表某一類人或

10、事物，相當(dāng)于any （ +名詞）（不必譯為 “一 ”，但必須用 a ，表示類別）如： A horse is a useful animal.馬是有用的動物。3指某人或某物（不是指某一類），但不具體說明何人或何物（一般譯為“一 ”）如： This book was written by a worker.這本書是一位工人寫的。4表示數(shù)量，有 “一 ”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒有 one 強(qiáng)烈（一般譯為 “一”）如： Wait a moment.等一下。45 表示單位，相當(dāng)于“每”的意思如：We have three meals a day.我們每日吃三餐。6 用于某此固定詞組中例如：a few, a

11、little, a bit (of), a lot of等。（三）定冠詞的基本用法1 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物如：Give me the book.把那本書給我。2 指談話雙方都知道的人或事物如：Where is the doctor?醫(yī)生在哪兒？3 再次提到上文提到過的人或事物如：I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home.昨天我買了一本詞典。詞典在家里。4 用在大家所熟悉的、世界上獨一無二的事物如：The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the su

12、n.地球比月亮大，但比太陽小。5 用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前如：Mr Wang teaches the first class.王先生上第一節(jié)課。Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth.在所有的恒星中，太陽離地球最近。6 用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示某一類人或事物如： The horse is a useful animal.馬是有用的動物。7 與下列專有名詞連用1 ）在江、河、湖、海、群島、山脈的名稱前5如：the Changjiang River, the Great Lake2 ）在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示夫婦二人或全家人如：Th

13、e Greens are sitting at the breakfast table.格林一家人正圍坐在早餐桌旁。8 和某些形容詞連用，表示一類人如：the old老人the young年輕人the rich富人the poor窮人the sick病人the dead死人9 在一些習(xí)慣說法中the east (west, south, north)on the left (right)in the morning (afternoon, evening)in the endgo to the cinema（四）不用冠詞的幾種情況（零冠詞）1 在專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前不用冠詞如：Hav

14、e you ever been to Shanghai?你到過上海嗎？We love science.我們愛好科學(xué)。2 在表示一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞如：Girls can be scientists.女孩子可以當(dāng)科學(xué)家。3 在季節(jié)、月份、星期、一日三餐的名稱前不用冠詞如： It is hot in summer. 夏天天氣熱。It s Tuesday, August the 22nd.今天是八月二十二日，星期三。Have you had breakfast?你吃過早飯沒有？4 稱呼語或表示頭銜，職務(wù)的名詞前不用冠詞如：What s the matter with you, Mike?

15、怎么啦，邁克？He is headmaster of our school.他是我們學(xué)校的校長。5 學(xué)科和球類運動的名稱前不用冠詞如： We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。Do you like to play football?你喜歡踢足球嗎？66 名詞前已有用作定語的this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代詞時，不用冠詞如：That is her bike.那是她的自行車。Each student in his class studies hard.這個班的每個學(xué)生都努力學(xué)習(xí)。7 在某些固定詞組的名詞前不

16、用冠詞如：at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of, go to school, go to bed等。（五）用與不用冠詞的差異in hospital 住院 /in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里go to sea 出海 /go to the sea去海邊on earth究竟 /on the earth在地球上，在世上take place 發(fā)生 /take the place(of) 代替at table 進(jìn)餐 /at the table在桌子旁by sea 乘船 /by the sea 在海

17、邊in future從今以后，將來 /in the future未來on horseback 騎著馬 /on the horseback在馬背上two of us我們當(dāng)中的兩人 /the two of us我們兩人 (共計兩人 )next year 明年 /the next year第二年in front of在 (外部的 )前面 /in the front of在 (內(nèi)部的 )前面go to school(church ) 上學(xué) (做禮拜 )/go to the school(church )到學(xué)校 (教堂 )去out of question 毫無疑問 /out of the questio

18、n不可能的，辦不到的a teacher and writer 一位教師兼作家 (一個人 )/a teacher and a writer一位教師和一位作家(兩個人 )隨堂監(jiān)測A 組I. 單項選擇：1.上學(xué)A. go to schoolB. go to the schoolC. go to a school2.住院A, in the hospitalB. in a hospitalC. in hospital3.此刻A. at the momentB. at a momentC. at moment4.在課堂上A. in classB. in a classC. in the class75.在

19、地球上A. on earthB. on an earthC. on the earth6.步行A. on footB. on the footC. on feet7.吃飯A. at a tableB. at the tableC. at table8.乘公共汽車 A. take busB. by busC. by the bus9.在家A. at the homeB. at a homeC. at home10.在工作A. at workB. at the workC. at works11.跳高A. jump highB. high jumpC. the high jump12.坐飛機(jī)A.

20、by airB. by the airC. on air13.乘火車A. by the trainB. by trainC. on train14.在校學(xué)習(xí) A. in the schoolB. in schoolC. in schools15.睡覺A. go to bedB. go to the bedC. go to a bed16.感冒A. have a coldB. have the coldC. have cold17.乘船A. by shipB. on shipC. by a ship18.玩得痛快 A. have good timesB. have a good timeC. h

21、ave good times19.事實上A. in the factB. in factsC. in fact21.從早到晚 A. from morning to the evening B. from morning to evening C. from a morning to an evening隨堂監(jiān)測B 組選擇填空1.There is _ old woman in the car.A. /B. theC. aD. an2.Shanghai is in _ east of China.A. /B. anC. theD. a3.Bill is _ English teacher. He

22、likes playing _ football.A. a, theB. an, theC. a, /D./,/84.The museum is quite far. It will take you half _ hour to go there by _ bus.A. an, /B. an, aC. a, /D./,/5.The story is _ interesting. That means it is _ interesting story.A. an, theB. the, a.C. /, anD. /, a6.Let s go for _ walk, shall we?A. a

23、B. anC. theD. /7.This is _ interesting story-book and it is also _ useful one.A. a, aB. an, anC. an, aD. a, an8._ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school.A. A, anB. The, aC. The , theD. A, the9.They passed our school _ day before yesterday.A. anB. oneC. aD. the10. Australia is _ English-

24、speaking country.A. aB. anC. theD. /11. Don t play _ basketball here. Its dangerous.A. aB. anC. /D. the12. This is _ apple. It s _ big apple.A. an, aB. a, theC. a, anD. an, the13. - Have you seen _ bag? I left it here just now.- Is it _ one on the chair near the door?A. a, aB. the, theC. a, theD. th

25、e, a14. I have _ blue coat.A. aB. anC. theD. some15. This is _ orange. _ orange is on the table.9A. a, TheB. an, TheC. an, AnD. the, An16.Have you had _ breakfast?A. aB. anC. theD. /17.He wondered when the doctor could finish _ operation.A. aB. anC. theD. any18.After _ supper, he stayed at home and

26、played _ violin.A. the, theB. /, theC. /, aD./,/19.There is _ apple on the plate.A. aB. anC. theD. /20.He said that he got _“C”in the test.A. aB. anC. theD. /21._ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River.A. The, aB.A,/C. A, theD. An, an22.English is _ useful language in _ world.A. an, theB. a,

27、 theC. the, theD. an, an23.In the word“cariage ”_ “r”is lost.A. theB. anC. aD. /24.With the help of his teacher he studied hard and got _“A ”in the test.A. aB. anC. theD. one25.I have two dogs. _ black one is two years old and _ yellow one is three years old.A. A, aB. The, aC. The, theD. A. the26.Li

28、 Dan can play _ piano very well.A. /B. aC. anD. the27.What _ interesting film it is! I like _ film very much.10A. a, theB. a, aC. an, theD. The, /28. _ tall man over there is our _ English teacher.A. A, theB. The, aC. A, anD. The, /同步練習(xí)1.There is _ apple on the desk.a. ab .thec. and./2.The girl unde

29、r _ tree is my sister.a. ab .thec .and./3.Mary is from _ USA.a. ab. thec. and./4.He met _ friend of his on the road.a. ab .thec .and./5.Mr Black will go back to England_.a .by airb .by a planec. by trainsd. at a train6.Yesterday i went towork onfoot.a. / ， /b ./ ， thec .the ， / d. the ， the7.There i

30、s“h ”in the word “hour ”， but“h”doesn tmake a sound.a. a ， ab. a ， thec. the ， and .an. the8.I m going to see my mother. She is ill _.a. in hospitalb. in the hospitalc. in a hospitald. at a hospital9. We have three mealsday. we have breakfast at 6： 30 inmorning every day.a. the ， the ， theb. the ， /

31、， the11c. a ， /， thed .a ， the ， the10. This isfilm i ve told you about several times. Its great. i ve never seemore moving one.a. a ， ab. the ， thec. the ， ad. a ， the11. Tina ， could you please playpiano for me while im singing ？ With pleasure.a .ab. anc. thed. /12.Iwant to try again. please give

32、methird chance again.a .ab. thec. and. /13. What s the matter with you？ I caughtbad cold and had to stay inbed.a. a; /b. a; thec. a; ad. the; the14.sun is shining brightly.a. ab. anc. thed. /15. Swimming isin summer.a. a great funb. great func. great funsd. great a fun小學(xué)定冠詞和不定冠詞練習(xí)題1.在空格內(nèi)填上a 或 an1._e

33、ar2._actor3. _hen4._toy5. _university6. _elephant7._hat8._umbrella9._rabbit10._idea11._hour12_ honest boy13._interesting book14._easy question1215._orange dress16_apple pie17_X-ray machine18._ice cream2.用 a,an,the 或 “/”填空1._Washington is _capital of _United States of America.2.There is _ ”A ”on his paper.3. I ate _apple .Its _red apple.4._tall man over there is my boss.5._earth moves aroundsun.6.No news is _good news.7.Have you visitedGreat Wall?8.They often playfootball after school.9.Children needlove andattention.10.Are there any birds insky?11.student in the third row istallest in our