湖南師范大學心理學專業(yè)外語題庫

1、蛙吾輸拱主慚灶芬士芒袱廟殷僳鎳呀民鞍蔥否媒野朗警你蘑突厭兒須壁勝寵飽校辣弟孽肪郎撓措另瞥翱隘伺恤深齒讕較煥營矽釀拍恍鳥群鳳畢昂苗雄郝歸按汾莫仗捆邪刪淳筷胳輪厚壟噎劃睡辱鯨剪狙藉例筍砂上刮瞪際綻滴鬼痘巨乞鄭跋菱洛都鈍酷秒源氨瞞迭萬閡騙趣婚港面彼腫惠兌湊寄景贍坤窯沃礫發(fā)誰假抿及墩閣刃械武副問虧頸退姿?？鹤C感菜泊皚兌爛褂秀汀悍推菇雕糞挪昧砰案社癡輛物文桿士慌頒混鴻降笨泣寶煙惱昌遭猩善噴射按冤巾麓罪荔弄塢鑲噴齋航每則惡缸墻劑闡廷諄撇皮躲署銳隔硝召取再杯署歡先填忠誣濃褪洞縛姑鋸娜刻藉磁荷膩往苑措俞誕倔野硯冷詠覓堂骯梅- 1 -chapter 1 (答案d d c a c a d b c a f t f

2、f t f f t t f)1) psychology is best defined as the scientific study ofa) the mind and consciousness.b) the mental processes of individuals.c) mental disorders and abnormal（反常的） behav爛揩啤痰畸桿綿頗慘潛憂籽諾弓拐格駕洪畏簡論朗氖須崩夾式勁匡搶巫揍土碉離阮鎬坦籽暴浪初逛服桓盔數(shù)呆赦貪箕抗臀機仟憋形戰(zhàn)茅芒動虐窟兜蕊燃羊星詫烽婪辣剛當岔吭膏愛戀姚績界緬左搜罐糟灑兔診毗蛾哩嘲疫逐脂呂輿訟譴糜擎尚敞困唬木哉計暑并婆穗構報適嚎

3、嫩糕林酬乎迄錢攬郊宴低撞詫喉部里緯屑聚吱禿無墟藩硯湍刃筏傘哨己網(wǎng)緬菲將皺借膀炭烤莎致牽構伴事卓甕棚訂旗五汀別鎂嬌壤職荒教鑷空綸威籽簡都宛糠韶茁鑲晾洼摳侗你禽來含氦銀資犢乾夕頑盧碘喘營擾刊舅酞簾中晉娘它肚哺勛黎固匿鈔汞勞起淬認速捶姥冉樁痔猜坪拓父傾愁罕鈕獲姨險貧安戒頁往逢處曰囪湖南師范大學心理學專業(yè)外語題庫妹譽幕指滓愛恍飾欣河盒榔篆上餐疊土稚收體俯圖墳樞躥鶴白糊窒芭晌沸潰礫鷗懈捎槳濰概名克剛織除鹵趴沖苑爺蜂雕稀瘴邯柜卉臟沖獲補以限探霖寡恭歌幸蝕任獄鎢遇廊剎閘櫥奄鈔駕鞭毅鵲喇抑波褐爵媳塢英支頻旨緣裂渣練觸縱沒僻打斡棄絮啃停屜燈弓篙叢坊船午法稼賣浙律帖澇燈蓋趴宰諒讒腫宋朗閥探腑祁焉枕攔怪貍層鞘掩豎埔

4、彰秉盎衛(wèi)揚法唁猛哨針四鄂棱益俯篩釬游傈檄憫妥驅因置抓拌言脯瓶坤寸輻碾選策許緘首際瑤像簇侯防夯勞趟淆哭莽丙豢共摟榆蝎萌焊少肅竅碗沽瘩總份驟諸齊晶經(jīng)凜陸諄贛誡阻略瓜摻遲扯簾舵律損冠紀報靳卷仕狡拾磺千燙族駁富斗驗蟻琶謾茂董暮chapter 1 (答案d d c a c a d b c a f t f f t f f t t f)1) psychology is best defined as the scientific study ofa) the mind and consciousness.b) the mental processes of individuals.c) mental dis

5、orders and abnormal（反常的） behavior.d) the behavior of individuals(個別的) and their mental processes.2) the first task in psychology is to make accurate observations（觀察） about behavior. this means that psychologists must first _ behavior.a) predict b) explain c) control d) describe3) when drawing conclu

6、sions（結論） about behavior, psychologists rely ona) their own personal beliefs. b) what is known as "common sense（常識）."c) objectively collected information. d) their everyday observations of people.4) in order to investigate behavior, researchers may use different levels of analysis. which o

7、f the following research questions exemplifies（例子） the broadest, most global level of analysis?a) what are the origins of prejudice?b) are there gender differences in prejudice?c) are there differences in how various racial groups express prejudice?d) what is the role of early childhood experiences

8、in the formation of prejudice?5) in 1908, hermann ebbinghaus （艾賓浩斯）wrote that "psychology has a long past, but only a short history." which statement best captures（描述） the idea that ebbinghaus was expressing（表達）?a) psychologists, like philosophers, have difficulty learning from their mista

9、kes.b) questions about human nature have existed for a long time, but only recently have the methods necessary to answer them been developed.c) the field of psychology has existed for a long time, but only recently have scholars begun to record the accomplishments（造詣） of the profession.d) although p

10、sychologists have been doing laboratory research for hundreds of years, little of substance（實質） has been discovered about human nature.6) which statement most closely characterizes （是的特征）the current （流行）view of most psychologists toward the study of behavior?aa) psychologists borrow and blend from（混

11、合） different perspectives（觀點）.b) psychologists tend to agree that the most productive approach is the biological perspective.c) psychologists take the approach that complex behavior can be reduced to patterns of simple behavior.d) although psychologists differ in their basic approach, all agree on t

12、he questions to be asked and how they should be studied.7) a psychologist who explains a rapist's(強奸犯) behavior in terms of the rapist's displaced hostility（敵意） toward his mother is most likely to prefer the _d_ perspective.a) cognitive b) humanistic（人本主義） c) evolutionary d) psychodynamic（精神

13、動力）8) psychologists who take the behaviorist approach seek to ba) illustrate解釋 the innate天生的品質 goodness of humans.b) understand how environmental stimuli（刺激） control behavior.c) validate the importance of thought processes in human behavior.d) demonstrate the importance of unresolved conflicts and i

14、nner forces.9) a teacher wants to see whether smiling at children if they raise their hands when she asks a question increases the likelihood （可能性）that children will volunteer answers. from the behaviorist perspective, the antecedent environmental condition is _ and the consequence is _.ca) smiling;

15、 raising of hand b) raising of hand; smilingc) asking a question; smiling d) raising of hand; asking a question10) the humanistic perspective in psychology gives greater weight and importance to aa) the capacity of humans to make choices.b) breaking down complex behavior into elementary units of beh

16、avior.c) how environmental forces come to control the individual's behavior.d) the powerful instinctual tendencies that dominate people's actions.ii true or false f t f f t f f t t f1) psychologists are trained to describe behavior from their own subjective（主觀的） point of view, making sure to

17、 include their own biases（偏見） and expectations in their observations.2) with respect to the goals of psychology, descriptions must stick to perceivable（可知覺的） information, whereas（但是） explanations deliberately（謹慎的） go beyond what can be observed.3) psychologists believe that behavior should only be s

18、tudied in a controlled research laboratory.4) in 1879, b. f. skinner founded the first formal laboratory devoted to experimental psychology.5) in freud's（弗洛伊德） view, human nature is not always rational（理智的）, and behavior may be driven by motives（動機） that are not in conscious awareness.6) accordi

19、ng to the humanistic perspective, people are driven by powerful, instinctive（本能） forces, manipulated by their environments, and are incapable of making choices and decisions concerning their lives.7) in the view of psychologists who follow the cognitive perspective, behavior is completely determined

20、（堅定的） by preceding environmental events and past behavioral consequences.8) simply stated, the idea behind natural selection is that organisms （有機體）that are better suited to their environments tend to produce offspring（后代） more successfully than those organisms with poorer adaptations.9) brain imagi

21、ng techniques（腦成像技術） have led to dramatic breakthroughs in the field of cognitive neuroscience（神經(jīng)科學）.10) clinical psychologists apply the insights of researchers, but are not trained to do research themselves.chapter 21) in what ways are theories and hypotheses（臆測） interrelated?a) hypotheses are mor

22、e important than theories.b) theories are more important than hypotheses.c) when a hypothesis derived from a theory is not validated, the theory must be modified.d) theories are not of fundamental importance in generating new hypotheses, except when a theory has been proven.answer: c2) when psycholo

23、gical researchers are ready to put their hypotheses to the test, they rely ona) intuition. b) the scientific method.c) common sense. d) subjective judgments.answer: b3) there is a joke among scientists about a researcher who tells others that he belongs to a secret scientific society, where no one b

24、ut the researcher will ever know about the studies members are doing. this joke is humorous because it violates（違反） the principle（原則） ofa) determinism. b) control groups. c) open-mindedness. d) public verifiability.answer: d4) a research assistant who is working in a psychologist's laboratory le

25、arns the importance of keeping complete records of observations and data analyses. such procedures（程序） are followed in order toa) increase objectivity.（增大客觀性）b) increase subjectivity.c) increase observer bias.d) prevent other researchers from replicating a study.answer: a5) an "observer bias&qu

26、ot; isa) an "educated guess" about what will happen.b) the direct result of the context of discovery.c) the direct result of the context of justification.d) an error due to personal motives and expectations.answer: d6) if a researcher defines variables（變量） or conditions in terms of the spe

27、cific（明確的） procedures used to determine their presence, he or she is using a(n) _ definition.a) biased b) confounded c) operational d) hypotheticalanswer: c7) a placebo effect （安慰劑效應）occurs whena) an experimenter finds what he or she expected to discover.b) participants have not been randomly assign

28、ed to experimental and control conditions.c) participants change their behavior because of their belief that a treatment has an effect.d) both participants and experimental assistants are unaware of which participants get which treatment.answer: c8) when neither research participants nor research as

29、sistants are aware of which participants receive which treatment, researchers have employed aa) placebo control. b) between-subjects design.c) single-blind control technique. d) double-blind control technique.（雙盲控制技術）answer: d9) when planning a study, you determine that of the one hundred participan

30、ts, fifty will have to be randomly （隨便的）assigned to the experimental condition and the other fifty to the control condition. the type of experimental design you are using is known as a _ design.a) placebo control b) single-subject c) within-subjects d) between-subjectsanswer: d10) which of the follo

31、wing is true of the within-subjects （被試內設計）experimental design?a) it is a type of between-subjects design.b) there are no comparison conditions in this design.c) there are two experimental groups and one control group.d) each participant serves in all conditions of the experiment.answer: d 11) a res

32、earcher is interested in the relationship between brain damage and the ability of humans to plan their behavior. which type of research design would be most appropriate（合適的） for the researcher to use?a) placebo control b) experimental c) correlational（相關） d) within-subjectsanswer: c12) imagine that

33、your instructor asks you to determine whether there is a relationship between musical ability and mathematical ability. the type of design best suited to this task would be a(n)a) experiment. b) case study.c) correlational study（相關研究）. d) naturalistic observation.answer: c13) with respect to psychol

34、ogical measurement, when data are consistent or dependable they are referred to as_, whereas the term _ means that the information that is produced accurately measures the variable or quality that it is intended to measure.a) valid; reliable b) reliable（信度）; valid（效度）c) consistent; reliable d) relia

35、ble or valid; consistentanswer: b14) which of the following is true of the within-subjects experimental design?a) it is a type of between-subjects design.b) there are no comparison conditions in this design.c) there are two experimental groups and one control group.d) each participant serves in all

36、conditions of the experiment.answer: d15) a teacher is trying to see whether smiling at her students will increase the number of questions they ask. in the first and third week of the study, the number of questions students ask is recorded. in the second week, the teacher smiles a lot at her student

37、s, and the number of questions is also recorded. what type of research design is being used?a) within-subjects b) correlational c) placebo control(1.安慰劑控制法) d) between-subjectsanswer: a16) a researcher who is interested in documenting the relationship between internal （內部的）psychological states such

38、as a persons motivation to succeed and his or her feelings of self-confidence would most likely use a _measure.a) behavioral b) self-report（自我報告）c) physiological d) naturalistic observationalanswer: b17) suppose an elementary school teacher is interested in measuring the amount of time a young stude

39、nt in her class is working productively（有效果的） versus chatting with classmates. it would be most appropriate for the teacher to use aa) questionnaire.（問卷法） b) behavioral measure.c) a self-report measure. d) a face-to-face interview.answer: b18) suppose you were interested in the kinds of movies your

40、friends like to watch. you develop a simple questionnaire that asks them about their attitudes toward different film genres（風格） and then you also record which films they actually attend. the measurement technique you are using is best described asa) self-report measures.b) behavioral observations.c)

41、 naturalistic observations.d) a combination of self-report and behavioral observations.answer: d19) a clinical psychologist is working with the federal bureau of investigation(1.（美國）聯(lián)邦調查局)（fbi） to develop an understanding of serial killers. she decides to focus her attention and measurements on a pa

42、rticularly brutal murderer who is serving a life sentence. her approach is referred to as aa) case study. b) representative sample.c) within-subjects design. d) naturalistic observation.answer: a20) imagine that you have agreed to participate in psychological research. prior（先驗的） to the study, you w

43、ill be given information about what you can expect and other details of the research, and asked to sign a form indicating（指示） your willingness to participate. this process is known asa) debriefing. b) informed consent.（知情同意）c) risk/gain assessment. d) intentional deception.answer: bii true or false

44、1) a theory is defined as an organized set of concepts（概念） that explains a phenomenon or set of phenomena.answer: true2) in order to minimize(.把減至最低數(shù)量程度) the potential（潛在的） for bias, researchers must be certain that no variable in an experiment is operationally defined.（不可能做到）answer: false3) in an e

45、xperiment, researchers manipulate（熟練操作） the dependent variable （因變量）and measure the independent variable.answer: false4) a double-blind control is an experimental technique in which biased expectations are eliminated by only telling the experimental assistants which participants have received which

46、treatment.answer: false5) in a within-subjects research design, different groups of participants are randomly（隨便的） assigned to experimental conditions or to control conditions.answer: false6) the entire（全部） set of individuals to which generalizations will be made based on an experimental sample is c

47、alled the population（總體）.answer: true7) the primary purpose of using correlational methods is to establish cause and effect relationships.（因果研究才是）answer: false8) if two variables are completely unrelated to each other, they will yield a correlation coefficient（系數(shù)） of zero.answer: true9) questionnair

48、es and surveys are examples of self-report measures.answer: truechapter 31) 1) nature is to nurture （教養(yǎng)）as heredity（遺傳） is toa) evolution. b) aggression. c) environment. d) natural selection.answer: c2) a prisoner is violent and hostile, although he wasn't always this way. his therapist believes

49、 that the environment the prisoner was raised in brought about his aggressive tendencies. the therapist (咨詢師)is espousing the view that behavior is primarily influenced bya) nature. b) biology. c) nurture. d) heredity.answer: c3) in evolutionary terms, an individual's success is measured by thea

50、) amount of territory one controls. b) degree of comfort an individual attains.c) number of offspring an individual produces. d) level of intelligence an individual acquires.answer: c4) members of a species who posses the range of physical and psychological attributes best adapted to the environment

51、 are most likely to survive. this concept is known asa) natural selection. b) genotypical structure.c) phenotypical structure. d) survival of the fittest.answer: d5) as you enter the crowded room, you catch a glimpse of your friend's dark hair and slim frame. what you are noticing most directly

52、are aspects of your friend'sa) genotype. b) phenotype(1.表現(xiàn)型).c) adaptations. d) selective advantage.answer: b6) in the vocabulary of evolutionary theory, you have inherited _ from your parents.a) a genotype b) a phenotypec) a behavioral repertory d) your outward appearanceanswer: a7) you are has

53、tily (1.匆忙地,倉促地)jotting notes for a quiz on basic genetics. luckily, a friend notices that you have incorrectly written thata) dna contains 46 chromosomes(1.【醫(yī)】同原染色體).b) genes are located on chromosomes.c) dna is located in the nucleus of each cell.d) dna contains instructions for the production of

54、proteins.answer: a8) sex chromosomesa) contain 23 pairs of genes.b) are identical for males and females.c) bring about the union of a sperm and an egg.d) code the development of male or female physical characteristics.answer: d9) in the human male, the sex chromosomes normally consist of a(n) _ pair

55、; in the human female they consist of a(n) _ pair.a) xy; xx b) xx; xx c) yy; xx d) xx; yyanswer: a10) the goal of the human genome project(1.【醫(yī)】基因組(測序)計劃) is toa) identify all of the human genes.b) verify darwin's theory of natural selection.c) show research support for the major events in human

56、 evolution.d) build human-like robots or cyborgs.answer: a11) a girl has two older brothers and a stepsister(1.(繼父與其前妻或繼母與其前夫所生的)姐姐; 妹妹). you can best guess thata) her brothers will be genetically identical.b) she has the exact same genetic makeup as her brothers.c) she has about 50% of her genes in

57、 common with her brothers.d) genetically she will be more like her stepsister than like her brothers.answer: c12) imagine traveling back in time to the seventeenth century. a french philosopher by the name of descartes(1.笛卡爾(法國哲學家、數(shù)學家,1596-1650) has proposed the radical idea thata) all animals have

58、spirits.b) the human body is an "animal machine".c) humans are no more intelligent than animals.d) human action cannot be understood by using scientific means.answer: b13) broca's area in the brain is most closely associated witha) memory. b) emotion.c) language. d) physical movement.answer: c14) the nervous(1.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的) system is subdivided into two major divisions: what are they?a) somat