第二章室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)與人體工程學(xué)

1、第二章室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)與人體工程學(xué)in this paper, by cdled004 contributiondoc documents may have a poor browsing experience at the wap end. it is recommended that you choose txt, or download the source file to the native view.-22 - "interior design principles" chapter 2the second chapterinterior design and ergo

2、nomics (chapter 9)(a) learning goals and requirements through the study, understending of the important role of ergonomics in interior design, fully understand the relationship between human and environment, master class specific places of human body engineering application. (2) the concept of ergon

3、omics in the first section of the course: the development of human engineering; the application of ergonomics in the field of design. the second section of human scale and psychological needs and the physical characteristics of the body in interior design: (1) perception; (2) movement characteristic

4、s: (3) internal circulation characteristics human measurements and applications: (1) methods and programs for human measurement;(2) the human body commonly measures the value; (3) the application of the human body measurements interior design and people，s environmental behavior, the concept of envir

5、onmental behavior, the physical characteristics and application of people in the environment, the person，s psychology and the environment focus on the concept of human body engineering in section 1. iluman body engineering in the actual application. anthropometric method of the second quarter, the h

6、uman body measurements in the actual application, environmental psychology should be used in the practical life remember: the meaning of human body engineering; the basic data of the human body： environmental psychology; the concept of environmental behavior memorization: ergonomics in practice; the

7、 actual application of measurements of the human body; the application of the human body to the understanding of engineering in a particular place of activity： the application of environmental psychology in interior design. academic time: 8 hours of study time-23 - ''interior design principl

8、es" chapter 2chapter ii interior design and ergonomicsergonomics is also known as ergonomics, anthropometry and ergonomics in fact, their research is based on a variety of different environmental and cultural contexts human body engineering, the main people-centric, human in the process of work

9、, work and rest, in the protection of human, on the basis of safe, comfortable, efficient, improve the chamber internal environment space use function and mental quality the first section of human body engineering and interior designconnect the interior design of human body engineering, the meaning

10、is: according to the people-centered, the principle of "design" man and, using the anthropometric, physiological and psychological methods of measuring, study the structure of the human body function, psychological and reasonable coordination of the relationship between interior space envi

11、ronment, create the interior space for the people activities in be being designed indoors, to create a variety of beneficial to people，s physical and men tai health and comfortable environment, mainly uses the scientific method, "about human body measure and human physiological and psychologica

12、l needs" includes the two aspects in addition, the body，s own space composition of related problems also appeared, the importance of so, before starting the research, first to discuss the topic of space composition. the composition of human body space mainly consists of the following three aspe

13、cts: one, volume is the three-dimensional scope of human activity this range will vary according to the nationality of the study subjects, the areas of life, and the people，s ethnic groups and habits of the individua1. so, frequently used in the design practice of the human body engineering data is

14、average, in addition to the design personnel to provide relevant deviation, allowance for design reference the position refers to the relative ''resting point" of the human body in the interior space individuals and groups in the activities of the different space, always tends to a rela

15、tively space "static point", he said, spatial location and the psychological distance between people, it mainly depends on visual sense it is also designed to be a flexible index based on the different environmental spaces required by people's lives, jobs and activities the direction i

16、s the "movement" in the space this movement is conditioned by physical, psychological and spatial environmentsthis kind of movement embodies the planning and demand of the function of indoor space use for example, people have a tendency to be phototropic in the dark, while in the rest room

17、 there is a tendency to be backlit section 2 human scale and psychological need and indoor spacea, human body measure and indoor space we will with knowledge of anatomy, surveying, physiology and psychology as the research basis, understand and master in the indoor environment space, human activity

18、and the limit, familiar with the basic dimensions of human body function to accommodate? the basic scale of human body is one of the most basic data of human engineering research it mainly by the basic dimension of human body structure (also known as the human body structure size, is mainly refers t

19、o the static size of human body. such as: height, sitting height, shoulder width, hip width, arm length, etc.) as the basis, is by studying the human body responds to various physical and chemical factors in the environment and resilience, raw analysis of environmental factors, psychological and the

20、 influence of working efficiency of the program, determine the person in the life, production and all kinds of environment comfort range and safety limit, the system data comparison and analysis the result of reflection it also varies greatly by country, region, nationality, living habit (see table)

21、 the average height of japanese men is 1651mm, us-24 - "interior design principles" chapter 2the average height of a citizen is 1755mm, while the average british citizen is 1780mm in different parts of the human body each part of the average size (mm) 1 basic movement, the human body scale

22、 basic movements of the scale of the human body, it is of dynamic sizes in the human body is in motion, because its are in dynamic measurement, before this, we can start with the basic movement trend analysis to the human body. people's work posture, according to their work nature and activity r

23、ule, can be divided into stand posture, chair pose, kneel pose and lie down pose standing posture: sit in chair position: rely on, tall sitting, short sit, position of position, position, rest position etc pose: sit cross-legged, squat, single leg kneel, kneel on the knee, kneel sit, crawl, kneel to

24、 sit and wait lying in a pose: lying on your stomach, lying on your side, lying on your back, etc although the measurement value is different from the purpose of the action, the measure of the function is different but, when people in different gestures, always showed relative stability, we are acco

25、rding to the measurement and analysis of the relative static (see chart) the scale of human activity space scale is the interior space scale of adaptation behavior, it is relative concept, also is dynamic dimension. for space scale is a whole range, it mainly includes the meet people under the premi

26、se of unchanged in the space, make involves the activities of the environmental behavior of reasonable planning, create demand to meet the needs of people physiology and behavior and the psychological demand space. according to the behavior of indoor environment, indoor space can be divided into big

27、 space, medium space and small space and so on different activity space norm(1) large space refers to the space of public behavior, such as gymnasium, business hall, shopping mall, etc，its characteristic is easy to deal with the individual in this space for spatial relationships, personal space is b

28、asic equidistant, has the characteristics of scale and open space. (2) the space refers to the transaction behavior in space, such as office, classroom, etc，open space which have illicit close sex again, on the premise of to meet the personal space and design space of public affairs behavior(3) a sm

29、all space is the space of individual behavior, such as bedroom, study, managei? s office, etc，with strong privacy and little space features, mainly to meet the individual behavior for the purpose, etc the activity of person in indoor space environment has greater flexibility therefore, in the planni

30、ng and design of indoor space form, people should be fully considered in behavior in space, space scale, distribution, perceptual demand, environment, as we11 as the research material factors such as technical requirementssecond, the psychological demand and indoor space when people in the correspon

31、ding interior space activities, although there are differences between the individual psychological and behavior, but looked from the whole still have in common, that is we want to study the premise and foundation 1, the domain sex and the interpersonal distance: the domain originally refers to the

32、animal in the environment to eat the food, the reproduction rate of the way of the behavior of the living; and the area we're talking about today is exactly where the person occupies a certain amount of space for some kind of demand the possessor and domination of the domain space are the desire

33、s and instincts of life therefore, in the personal environment life, the production process has the ability to protect and prevent interference therefore, in different activities, there is a physical and psychological scope and field that must be in place on the field of human characteristics, in th

34、e first place in the field of positive effect is that in the field of requirements for its own security, and make self expression has the possibility, make the space composition formed a certain order, and also makes the human construction activities, in the development of dynamic to balance; second

35、 negative effect in the field of performance, because the human has expanded in the field of instinct, thus causes the contradiction between the expansion of individual desires and spatial balance, the complication of social relations, this is why people often meet with in life disputes over the use

36、 of a building in a neighborhood are common. interpersonal distance refers to the distance of space between people in their interactions in indoor space a person environment often needs to communicate with person, contact, want to make the choice of interpersonal distance so for different people, be

37、cause of that-25 - interior design principles" chapter 2different ethnic groups, religious beliefs, gender, career, and cultural degrees are all different from each other anthropologist, edward t hall in animals, on the basis of the research experience of environment and behavior depending on t

38、he degree of close relationships, behavior characteristics determine the interpersonal distance, is classified as: close distance; individual distance; social distance public distance (see table below)在室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)中以閱覽室的座位為例， 如果座位間距過(guò)于緊湊，以至出現(xiàn)以不親密的形式進(jìn)入 他人親密距 離之內(nèi)，則會(huì)造成個(gè)人的空間領(lǐng)域被侵犯，給他人的學(xué)習(xí)和心理帶來(lái) 壓抑、不安人際距離與行為特征表名稱間距表

39、現(xiàn)親密距離 接近相(015cm)這是一種表達(dá)溫柔、舒適、親密以及激憤等強(qiáng) 烈感情的距離，具有輻射熱的感覺(jué)，這是在家庭居室和私密空間里 會(huì)岀現(xiàn)這樣的人際距離(0-45cm)遠(yuǎn)方相(15-45cm)可與對(duì) 方接觸握手 個(gè)體距離(0.451. 3m)接近相(0. 450. 75m)這 是親近朋友和家庭成員之間談話的距離，仍可與對(duì)方接觸，這是在 家庭餐桌上的人際距離遠(yuǎn)方相(0. 75-1.3m)可以清楚地看到細(xì) 微表情的交談 社會(huì)距離(1.33. 75m)接近相(1. 32. 10m)在 社會(huì)交往中，同事、朋友、熟人、鄰居等之間h常交談的距離遠(yuǎn)方 相（2. 10-3. 75m）交往不密切的距離，這在旅

40、館大堂休息處、小 型 會(huì)客室、洽談室等處，會(huì)表現(xiàn)出這樣的人際距離公眾距離 接近相 3. 757. 50m）主要表現(xiàn)在自然語(yǔ)言的講課，（單相交流的集會(huì)、 演講、正規(guī)而嚴(yán)肅地接待廳遠(yuǎn)方相（）7. 50m）借助姿勢(shì)和擴(kuò)音 器的講演，大型會(huì)議室等處，會(huì)表現(xiàn)出這樣的人際距離（ 3.75m） 注：接近相是指在范圍內(nèi)有近距趨勢(shì)；a distant phase is a relative distance trend the size of the interpersonal distance is the measure of the scale of interpersonal interaction i

41、n different spaces also be the size of the communication space and furniture equipment decorate the dependenceprivacy and the tendency to privacy are the need for individuals or groups to control the time, means and degree of information exchanged between themselves and others it will be in the form

42、 of solitary, intimate, anonymous and reserved privacy is a human instinct that people can express themselves in their own space at the same time, the illicit close sex is also formed in human relations interpersonal distance, i e., the people or between people and groups keep space distance （or inf

43、ormation relationship, emotional distanee, etc） for example: the individuav s residence, the bank，s withdraw the money to be divided into consideration and apply to the person，s private space concept to protect privacy, people tend to be in the public space the so-called "end, is a place where

44、there is less people in space and a certain amount of security, usually in the area of the wall, the area of the side, etc when you visit, eat, and work to choose your own position, you will often show that you tend to do the same for example, the establishment of a similar carriage in the dining ro

45、om is designed to create more areas for the public to meet the need for psychological and use in the public space necessary design information: the size of human body engineering reference design essential information size of human body engineering reference, weight: 1 (male: female: 68. 9 68.9), he

46、ight: 2 (male: female: 173 5 173 5) 3, straight hip to the height of the head: 4 (male: female: 90. 7 90. 7), the width between the two cubits: (male: female: 41.9 41.9) 5, elbow under the height of the support: (male: female: 24. 1 24. 1) 6, sitting pose thigh height: 7 (male: female: 14. 5 14. 5),

47、 sitting pose the height of the knee to the ground: (male: female: 54.4 54.4) 8, sitting hip to the length of the legs: (male: female: 49.0 49.0)-26 - interior design principles" chapter 2(male: 35. 6 female: 36.3) 1, the metope size (1) skirting board height; dado high 80-200 (2) : 80-1500 (3)

48、 picture rail height: 1600-1800 (height) of center distance of ground high 2, restaurant table (1) : 750-790 (2) the high chair: 450-500 (3) the diameter of the round table, 500, 800, 900 for four, five people six 1100-1250, 1100, 1300, eight people 1500 ten, twelve, 1800 (4) the table size: 700 x 8

49、50, four of 1350 x 850, eight 2250 x 850 (5) the table wheel diameter: 700-800 (6) the table space (including seating for 500) should be greater than 500 (7) main width: 1200-1300 internal working channel width: 600-900 high bar counter (9) : 900 - 1050, 500 (10) wide high bar stool: 3, 600 a 750 ma

50、ll business hall (1) single side, double aisle width: 1600 (2) the bilateral double aisle width: 2000 b訂ateral three (3) aisle width: 2300 b訂ateral aisle width for four (4) : 3000 (5) s counter aisle width: 800 (6) the assistant counter: thick, 600:800 - 1000 (7) single stand back shelf: high: 300-5

51、00, 1800, 2300 (8) double back shelf;thickness: 600-800, high: 600-2300 (9) in a small window: thickness: 500-800, high: 400-1200 (10) display platform high: 400-800 (11) open shelves: 400-600 (12) radial vending stand: diameter of 2000 (13) the cashier: length: 1600, width: 4, 600 hotel rooms stand

52、ard area: (1) : 25 square meters, in: 16-18 square metre, small: 16 square meters bed (2) : 400-450 bed back high: 850-950 (3) the head of a bed, high 500-700; width: 500-800 (4) the desk: 1100-1500 long wide high 450-600 700-750 (5) the luggage: long 9 10-1070 500 400 (6) high wide chest: deep wide high 800-1200 1600-800, 500 (7) sofa: width 600 a