定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法例句全解

1、精品資料歡迎下載定語(yǔ)從句一、概述在復(fù)合句(有主句有從句的句子從句 (attributive clause) 。)中，修飾某一名詞或代詞，用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫做定語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞Themanwholivesnext to us sells vegetables.先行詞定語(yǔ)從句被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞(antecedent)。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用：連接作用 指代先行詞在句子中充當(dāng)一定成分引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:關(guān)系代詞who、 whom 、 whose、 which 、 that 、 as關(guān)系副詞when、 where、 why關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)指人whothat不可省指物

2、whichthat關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)指人whomthat指物who ( 口語(yǔ) )which可省that關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)Whose指人指物A plane is a machine （ that 、 which ） can fly. 飛機(jī)是會(huì)飛的機(jī)器。 （引導(dǎo)詞 that、 which 在句中作主語(yǔ)）The foreigner （ who 、that）visited our class yesterday is from Canada.昨天到我班來(lái)訪的外國(guó)精品資料歡迎下載人來(lái)自加拿大。 （引導(dǎo)詞who、 that 在句中作主語(yǔ)）They planted the trees （ which 、 that）

3、 didn't need much water. 他們種植了需水不多的樹(shù)木。（引導(dǎo)詞 which 、 that 在句中作主語(yǔ)）The noodles (that、 which 、 ) I cooked were delicious. 我煮的面條美味可口。 （引導(dǎo)詞 that、 which 可省略 作賓語(yǔ)）The fish (which 、 that、 ) we bought were not fresh. 我們買的魚(yú)不新鮮。 （引導(dǎo)詞作賓語(yǔ)） The girl （ that 、 whom 、 who 口語(yǔ)、） we saw yesterday was Jims sister. 我們昨天

4、看到的女孩是吉姆的姐姐。 （引導(dǎo)詞作賓語(yǔ)）特殊請(qǐng)況：人+介詞 +whom不可省，不可用that物+介詞 +whichThe person to (whom) you just talked is Mr.Li. 剛才你與其交談的人是李先生。 （引導(dǎo)詞 whom ，不可省略）The person t (whom 、 that、 who、 ) you just talked to is Mr.Li.The knifeThe knifewith which we cut the bread is sharp. 我們用來(lái)切面包用的刀子很鋒利。（ which 、 that、）we cut the brea

5、d with is sharp.指人Whom that who( 口語(yǔ) )+介詞（可省）指物which that題：She was educated at Beijing university, _she went on to have her advanced study abroad.A.after whichC.from thatB. from whichD.after that做題技巧：把現(xiàn)行詞帶到定語(yǔ)從句中變成一完整合理的句子，答案就出來(lái)了。Whose+nThe room物 =t he +n+of whichOf which +the +n人 =the +n+of whomOf wh

6、om +the +nwhose windows face south is mine.the windows of which face south is mine.of which the windows face south is mine.精品資料歡迎下載He is a teacherwhose name is Tom.the name of whom is Tomof whom the name is Tom.只用 that，不用 which 的情況（先行詞指物除5、6 條）當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞或被它們修飾時(shí)。all, everything,nothing,something, anyt

7、hing,little等不定代詞時(shí)（something 之后也可用which ）。All that glitters is not gold.閃光的不光是金子。Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事嗎?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.他幾乎沒(méi)有回答老師的那些問(wèn)題。當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí);或現(xiàn)行詞本身就是形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞時(shí)。This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this b

8、ook store. 這是這家書(shū)店售出的最有趣的書(shū)之一。The first thing that should be done is to get some food. 該做的第一件事是弄點(diǎn)吃的。當(dāng)先行詞有the very ， the only ， the right 等修飾時(shí)。That s the only thing that we can do now目.前我們只能這樣了。Those are the veryrightwords that he used.那就是他的原話。This is the best that I have. 這是我所擁有的最好的。當(dāng)先行詞是一個(gè)既指人又指物的并列詞組

9、時(shí)。They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他們?cè)谡務(wù)撛诠S里看到的人和事。They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他們聊起他們所能記得起的學(xué)校里的人和事來(lái)，聊了約半個(gè)鐘頭。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。China is not the country that it was. 中國(guó)已經(jīng)不是過(guò)去的中國(guó)了。He is not the boy

10、that he used to be.他已經(jīng)不再是以前的那個(gè)男孩了。當(dāng)要避免與疑問(wèn)詞which ， who 重復(fù)時(shí)。Which is the car that was made in Beijing? 哪輛車是北京制造的?Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在門(mén)口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)?在 there be 句型中，先行詞為物時(shí)用thatThere is a book on the desk that I m very interested in. 桌子上放著一本我感興趣的書(shū)。（若指人用whoeg. There is lived a king in

11、 the castle who was very wise. ） This is the first timethat There be 不定代詞序數(shù)詞，精品資料歡迎下載The very ,the only, the right;即有人又有物，作表語(yǔ) which who.（3）用 which ，不用 that 的情況（先行詞指物）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。(which在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可以指代一個(gè)或一些物，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中即可指主句一部分也可指代整個(gè)主句。)Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.

12、 全世界都踢足球， 它是一項(xiàng)有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)。Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much. 卡羅爾說(shuō)這項(xiàng)工作將在十月前做，對(duì)此我個(gè)人表示懷疑。Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy. 桃樂(lè)茜總是吹噓她在戲劇中的角色，這當(dāng)然使別人不高興。直接放在介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。Language is the most important t

13、ool without which people can't communicate with each other. 語(yǔ)言是最重要的工具，沒(méi)有它，人們便無(wú)法交流。先行詞本身是that 或 those 時(shí)。ThatThose which you told him about is are what I want to know. 你告訴他的事情也是我想知道的。(注意：若those 指人要用whoeg.Those who are for me, put up your hands.同意我的人請(qǐng)舉手。)the samethatas同一物同類eg. This is the same bike

14、thatasIlost yesterday。. 這是我昨天丟的那輛自行車。I lost yesterday.這輛自行車和我昨天對(duì)的那輛一樣。Way作狀語(yǔ)in which that_作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whichthat_I don tlike the way (in which that_)he speaks to me.( 狀語(yǔ) )This is the way(that which)really works.(主語(yǔ) )I did it in the way （ thatwhich_ ） he told me.( 賓語(yǔ) )精品資料歡迎下載題：I,_your friend,will try my be

15、st to help you.A. that isB.which amC.who isD.who am注意：關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)是，從句中謂語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。That is one of those books that are worth reading.That is the (only) one of those books that is worth reading.As :1 ）引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句：作關(guān)系代詞可指人，物；可作主，賓，表語(yǔ)；常譯成“正如”構(gòu)成固定搭配：the same .as;such as; soas; as.as(as 不可省 )I should

16、like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那種工具。(作賓語(yǔ) )Don t read such books as are not worth reading. Read such books as you can understand. 不要讀那些不值得讀的書(shū)，只去讀那些你能讀懂的書(shū)就可以了。Repeat this as often as is necessary根.據(jù)需要反復(fù)這樣做。(作主語(yǔ) )I gave him as much as he could eat. 他能吃多少，我就給了他多少。(作賓語(yǔ) )It is so

17、 big a stoneas no one can lift.( 定語(yǔ)從句 )這是沒(méi)人能舉起的一塊大石頭。that no one can liftit.( 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)這是如此大的一塊石頭以至于沒(méi)人能舉起它。He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一個(gè)如此誠(chéng)實(shí)的人以至于我們都尊敬他（“如此 以致 ”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）He is such an honest man as we respect.他是我們所尊敬的這種誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。（suchas“像 這樣的 ”，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1）可放句首、中、末;常指代整個(gè)主句（which

18、只能放在主句后）He is a good student, as we all know.(which語(yǔ)法合但不能用)As we all know, he is a good student.He, as we all know, is a good student.2）as 有“正如， 就像” 之意，表符合人們的認(rèn)識(shí)事情的發(fā)展的， 所以主從句語(yǔ)義往往一致，若不一致，用 whichThey remarried ,as we had expected.精品資料歡迎下載which we hadn texpected.固定搭配：As we all know=as is known to all眾所周

19、知As is expected 正如所料As I rememberunderstand 正如我所記得的、明白的那樣As is reportedsaidannounced in the newspaper 正如報(bào)道的那樣As he often was 正如經(jīng)常那樣As is usual 正如往常那樣As is clear 正如很清楚的那樣As is clear, he is right.關(guān)系副詞先行詞為時(shí)間地點(diǎn)在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)when=適當(dāng)介詞（ in、 on 、 at.） +whichwhere=whichReasonwhy=for whichJuly and August are the m

20、onths when the weather is hot.七八月是天氣很熱的月份。=in whichThis is the house where we lived last year.=in whichThis is the reason why he did so.這就是他這樣做了的理由。= for which當(dāng) point 、stage、spot、case、situation 等作先行詞表抽象地點(diǎn)時(shí)，常用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?Her illness has develo

21、ped to the point where nobody can cure her.并非先行詞是時(shí)間地點(diǎn)reason 時(shí)都用關(guān)系副詞當(dāng)時(shí)間which地點(diǎn)在從句中作主、賓時(shí)用thatReason省去This is the factory that/which we visited last year. 這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的那家工廠。I won't forget the time that which-we spent in the countryside.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我在農(nóng)村度過(guò)的那段時(shí)光This is the reason thatwhich-give me.精品資料歡迎下載選關(guān)系代

22、詞還是關(guān)系副詞？從句中缺住、賓、表、定時(shí)用關(guān)系代詞從句是完整句子缺狀語(yǔ)（時(shí)、地、原因）時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞。介詞 +which+ 不定式。此種用法多見(jiàn)于正式文體中， 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句。 She had only 1.87 with which to buy(=she could buy)Jim, her husband, a present. 她只有一元八角七分錢，用這些錢給他的丈夫吉姆買一件禮物。At last he had something about which to write (=he could write) home. 他終于有給家寫(xiě)信的內(nèi)容了。當(dāng)先行詞為the way, the time, the period 等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用that，但通常被省略。I don't like the way(that)you speak to her. 我不喜歡你對(duì)她說(shuō)話的方式。_ who have questions to ask, raise your hands.A. AnyoneB.ThoseC. SomeoneD. HeI have