《普地》課程專業(yè)詞匯統(tǒng)計

1、abrasion o brei3an磨蝕borate硼酸鹽abration磨蝕作用breccia角礫巖abyssal fan深海扇braided辮狀的aeration zone飽氣帶braided stream辨狀河agitation擾動brook小溪algae藻類calcite方解石alluvial沖積的capacity容量alluvial fan沖積扇carbonate碳酸鹽（巖）aluminum鋁cementation膠結作用amphibolite（角）閃巖cenozoic新生界（的）ample偉晶的channel flow有固定水道流體andesite安山巖chemical weath

2、ering化學風化作用antecedent stream先成河chert燧石，硅質(zhì)巖anthracite無煙煤chondrite球粒隕石chromiumanticline背斜circumference周長apatite磷灰石cirque冰斗archean太古代cleavage解理arenite砂屑砂巖cliff懸崖，海蝕崖coal煤arete刃脊cobalt鉆arkose長石砂巖coesite柯（高溫）石英arrangement安排coke焦炭aseismic ridge無震海嶺collapses倒塌，混雜assimilation同化作用competence強度，能力asthenosphere

3、軟流圈composition組成atomic原子的conglomerate礫巖attitude產(chǎn)狀continent人陸augite（普通）輝石continental rise陸隆axial plane軸面continental shelf陸架bar障礙物、灘continental shields地盾barchan星月形沙丘continental slope陸坡barite (baryte )重晶石continetal margin大陸邊緣basalt玄武巖converge匯聚batholith基巖copper銅beach drift海灘漂移coral珊瑚coriolis effect科里奧力

4、效應berm示濱階地correlation相關，對比beryl綠柱石corundum剛玉bioligical weathering生物風化covalent共價的bituminous瀝青質(zhì)的creek小溪，小河blow out噴出crest浪尖（峰）cmst地殼eustatic海而升降的cryptozoic隱生宙evaporite蒸發(fā)巖crystal晶體fault斷層ciystal growth/dissolution晶體生長/溶解fault block斷塊deck（巖）蓋，蓋層faunal動物的deep sea ooze深海軟泥fertilizer肥料differential weatheri

5、ng差異風化fim粒雪，萬年雪deflation（風）吹蝕作用fissure裂縫deformation變形flint燧石，火石delta三角洲flood-plain deposit洪積沉積deposits沉積物floral植物的diagenesis成巖作用flour粉diatom硅藻flow stone泥石流dike巖墻fluoride氟化物diorite閃長巖fluorite螢石dip傾角focus震源，焦點discharge釋放，排泄量fold褶皺disconformity平行不整合foliated片（葉）理化的discontinuity不連續(xù)foraminifera有孔蟲（類）diver

6、ge分離，分叉formation（巖）組doldrums赤道無風帶fossil化石dolomite白云石fossil fuel化石燃料dolostone口云巖fractional crystallizaton分界結品作用dome穹隆，巖穹fringing reef邊緣礁，裙礁drainage basin流域frost wedging冰劈作用drainage divide分水嶺（界）gabbro輝長巖drumlin鼓丘garnet石榴子石dune（風成）沙丘gemstone寶石dynamo直流發(fā)電機geodes晶洞earthquake地震（學）geomagnetic地磁（場）的eclogite榴

7、輝巖geothermal gradient地熱梯度electron電了glacicer cirque冰斗element元素glacier冰川emerald祖母綠，綠寶石glacier erratic冰川漂礫eolian風成的glaucophane籃閃石eon宙gneiss片麻巖eonothem宇gondwanaland岡瓦納（古陸）epicenter震屮graben地塹epoch世granite花崗巖era代granulite麻粒巖erathem界gravel stone礫巖esker蛇丘gravimeter重力儀（計）gravity anomaly重力界常levee大然堤graywarke雜

8、砂巖，硬砂巖guyots平頂海山/蓋奧特limb翼部gypsum石膏l(xiāng)imestone（石）灰?guī)rhadean冥古宙liquefaction液化作用hardness硬度lithification成巖（石化）作用hinge樞紐（褶皴）lithosphere巖石圈homogeneous均質(zhì)的，同類的lizard蜥蜴load負載horn角峰loess黃土hornblende角閃石longitudinal經(jīng)度的hornfels角巖loop循環(huán)，環(huán)流horst地壘lopoliths巖盆hydraulic action水動力作用low-velocity zone低速帶hydrologic cycle水圈lu

9、nar月球的，月的hydrolysis水解作用luster光澤hypothesis假說，假設magma巖漿igneous火成的，火山的magnesium鎂intensity強度magnetometer地磁計interspersed散布的，點綴的magnitude幅度，震intrusive侵入的mantle地幔ionic離了的mantle plumes地幔柱（羽）ionosphere電離層marble大理巖iron鐵marine海洋（的）isotasy等值的mars火星isotope同位素matrix基質(zhì)jade玉meander曲流joint結合點meander cutoff截灣取肓joint節(jié)

10、理meander scar曲流痕jovian planets木外行星mechanical exfoliation機械剝落jungle熱帶叢林mechanical weathering機械風化作用jupiter木星mercury水銀，汞karst喀斯特，巖溶mesosphere中間層labradorite拉長石，拉玄武巖mesozoic中生代的laccolith巖蓋metallic金屬的lagoon瀉湖metamorphic index mineral變質(zhì)指示礦物landslide滑坡metamorphism變質(zhì)作用lapillus (lapilli)火山礫meteor流星，人氣現(xiàn)象latitu

11、de緯度mid-ocean ridge洋中脊lattice晶格molybdenumlava熔巖moraine冰磧lead鉛motion運動nebular星云（狀）的，photosynthesizing plant光合作用的植物neptune海王星phyllite千枚巖neutron中子piracy（河流）襲奪nicklepitchblende瀝青鈾礦nitrate硝酸鹽plaeo-magnetism古地磁nitrogen氮plaeoontology古生物芳nonconformity非整合plagioclase feldspar斜長石nonrenewable不可再生的plate tectonic

12、板塊構造的notch海蝕凹槽，凹口plate tectonics板塊構造obsidian黒曜巖plateaus高原ocean basin洋盆platinumoffshore外海，海岸之外plunge侵入，插入olivine橄欖石pluto冥王星oolitic limestone魴粒灰?guī)rpluton侵入體，深成巖體ooze軟泥，海泥polar極地的，兩極的ore礦石polar easterly極地東風帶orogenic belt造山帶polish拋光orthoclase正長石porosity孔隙度，多孔性overturn倒轉(zhuǎn)的potassium鉀oxbow lake牛軌湖precipitatio

13、n沉淀，沉積oxidation氧化作用prograde推進，延伸oyster牡蠣proterozoic元古代（界）的ozone臭氧層proton質(zhì)子paleozoic古生代的pumice浮巖（石）pangaea超級古陸/潘吉亞pyroclastics火成碎屆沉積panthalassa泛古人洋pyroxene輝石parabolic拋物線的quartz石英parameter參數(shù)，指標radioactive放射性parent material母巖物質(zhì)rebound回彈（跳）pavement覆蓋物recrystallization重結晶作用peat泥炭煤recumbent平臥的pedestal風蝕磨菇

14、（頸）reflection反射perched滯,停歇的refraction折射perdiotite橄欖巖regolith風化層（殼）permeabillity滲透率remanent magnetism剩磁peroid紀residual殘留的，殘積的peroxide過氧化物reverse fault逆向斷層petrified wood硅化木rhyolitic tuffs流紋質(zhì)凝灰?guī)rpetroleum石油rill小河，小溪,小流phaneritic顯晶質(zhì)的ripple波痕，波紋phanerozoic顯生宙的roche moutonnee羊背石phosphorus磷rock pedestal風蝕磨菇

15、root-wedging根劈作用stream channel河道roughness粗糙度stream-bed河床saltation躍移，河底滾沙stress應力saltation突變striation條痕，條紋sandblasting噴砂strike走向sapphire藍寶石strike-slip fault走滑斷層saturn土星subaqueous水下的schist片巖subduction俯沖scratch擦痕sulfate硫酸鹽sea-floor spreading海底擴張sulfide硫化物seismic地震的superposed stream回呑河，證牛:河seismology地震學

16、surf拍岸浪semi-weathering zone半風化帶surf碎浪series序列sui-vival殘積物shale頁巖suspend懸掛，懸谷sheet erosion片狀侵蝕symmetrical對稱的sheet flow片流syncline向斜sheet wash片狀沖刷system系，系統(tǒng)silica二氧化硅talc滑石silicate硅酸鹽tephra火山碎屑sill巖床terminus終磧，終點siltstone粉砂巖terrace階地，臺地silver銀tetrahedron四而體sinkhole落水洞thermalexpansionandskarn矽卡巖constric

17、tion熱膨脹和壓縮skeletal骨骼的thennosphere熱層slate板巖thrust fault逆沖斷層slurry泥，泥漿tidal flat潮坪，潮灘sphere球，球形的tide潮汐spinel尖晶石till冰漬spit沙嘴，海岬titanium鈦sponge海綿tombolo連島沙壩stack海蝕柱，石柱topaz黃玉，黃晶stalactite石鐘乳topography地形學stalagmite石筍traction牽引stishovite超石英，沖擊石英transpiration蒸騰作用straight直的trickle細流，涓流strain應變troposphere對流層stratification成層，層理trough槽，冰蝕槽stratigraphy地層tmneated spur削斷山嘴stratosphere同溫層tsunami地震海嘯