虛擬語氣-時(shí)態(tài)倒退法

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx虛擬語氣-時(shí)態(tài)倒退法【精品文檔】虛擬語氣-高考重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)英語中虛擬語氣是通過時(shí)態(tài)的變化來體現(xiàn)的。我們試圖從句子時(shí)態(tài)的改變來推論出虛擬的構(gòu)成。只要同學(xué)理解了這一點(diǎn)，就可以舉一反三。掌握虛擬語氣。定義：虛擬語氣是用來表示假設(shè)的，與事實(shí)相反或者不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況。主要通過動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化來體現(xiàn)。規(guī)則：對(duì)于一個(gè)已經(jīng)學(xué)過從句，又能正確使用時(shí)態(tài)的學(xué)生來說，掌握虛擬語氣并不難。英語的虛擬語氣是將句子動(dòng)詞原本應(yīng)該使用的時(shí)態(tài)向后退一步，以表示該句與事實(shí)相反。后退的方法如下：實(shí)際應(yīng)用的時(shí)態(tài)-退-虛擬語氣應(yīng)用的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí)-退-過去時(shí) do-did現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-退-過去完成時(shí) have done

2、-had done一般過去時(shí)-退-過去完成時(shí) did-had done一般將來時(shí)-退-過去將來時(shí) will-would過去將來時(shí)-退-過去將來完成時(shí) would-would have done 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 Can, may, shall-could, might, should注：在虛擬語氣中不用was,所有人稱都用were.虛擬語氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用：1 If I have money, I will lend it to you. (主將從現(xiàn))If I had money, I would lend it to you.第一句話沒有使用虛擬，表示我很可能會(huì)借你錢。第二句話使用了虛擬，表示我不可

3、能借你錢。用虛擬只是一種委婉的說法。對(duì)于兩句的時(shí)態(tài)，正像我們上面所講的，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)退到一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)退到過去將來時(shí)。2. If I have time, I will go to see you. If I had time, I would go to see you.請注意比較上面兩句話不同的含義與時(shí)態(tài)的變化。3. If I am you, I will buy that car. (假設(shè)句) If I were you, I would buy that car.由于我不可能是你，所以第一句話必須虛擬，因而第一句是錯(cuò)誤的句子，但我們可以從中看出時(shí)態(tài)的變化。為了方便理解在下面的例句

4、中都會(huì)給出一個(gè)假設(shè)句，但假設(shè)句只是為了邏輯說明。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中是不存在的，也就是錯(cuò)的。4. 假設(shè)句：if it snows in summer, it will be great fun.虛擬句：if it snowed in summer, it would be great fun.如果夏天能下雪，那該多有意思。從句：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)-退-一般過去時(shí) snows-snowed主句：一般將來時(shí)-退-過去將來時(shí)will be -would be題：If there were no sun, the earth (would) not only be dark, it (would) also beco

5、me extreme cold. 沒有太陽是不可能的，所以是虛擬語氣，對(duì)將來的虛擬退過去將來：will 退would.5. 假設(shè)句：if I brought my checkbook yesterday, I would pay by check. 虛擬句： if I had brought my checkbook yesterday, I would have paid by check.如果昨天我?guī)е眮砹?，我就?huì)付支票。（實(shí)際沒付支票）過去時(shí)-退-過去完成時(shí) Brought- had brought過去將來時(shí)-退-過去將來完成 would pay-would have paid6. 假

6、設(shè)句： if I had your address in New York, I would call on you before I came back to China.虛擬句：if I had had your address in New York, I would have called on you before I came.如果我有你在紐約的地址，我回中國以前，就去看你了。從句：一般過去時(shí)-退-過去完成時(shí) had- had had主句：過去將來時(shí)-退-過去將來完成時(shí) would call on- would have called on題： I didnt see your s

7、ister at the meeting, if she_, she would have met my brother.A. Has come B. did come C. came D. had come表示對(duì)過去時(shí)間的虛擬，過去時(shí)退過去完成時(shí)， 過去將來時(shí)退過去將來完成時(shí)。7. 假設(shè)句：if you havent finished the homework by now, you will not be allowed to see the film this evening.虛擬句：if you hadnt finished the homework by now, you would

8、 not be allowed to see the film this evening.如果你到現(xiàn)在還沒做完作業(yè)的話晚上就不讓你去看電影了。從句：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-退-過去完成時(shí) havent finished-hadnt finished主句：一般將來時(shí)-退-過去將來時(shí) will be allowed-would be allowed時(shí)間交錯(cuò)：錯(cuò)綜句：8. 假設(shè)句： if he took my advice, he will be a scientist. 虛擬句： if he had taken my advice, he would be a scientist.如果他以前聽我的建議，他將會(huì)

9、成為一個(gè)科學(xué)家。從句：過去時(shí)-退-過去完成時(shí) took-had taken主句：一般將來時(shí)-退-過去將來時(shí) will be-would be9. 假設(shè)句：if you were there, the meeting might go smoothly. 虛擬句：if you had been there, the meeting might have gone smoothly.如果你要是在，會(huì)就會(huì)開的更順利。從句：過去時(shí)-退-過去完成時(shí) were-had been主句：過去將來時(shí)-退-過去將來完成時(shí) might-might have gone注：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)倒退的方法與一般動(dòng)詞一樣，如ca

10、n, may等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以把他看做將來時(shí)，could, might看做過去將來時(shí)，could have done, might have done看做過去將來完成時(shí)。10. 假設(shè)句：if there was more snow last year, we will have a good harvest this fall.虛擬句：if there had been more snow last year, we would have a good harvest.如果去年多下一點(diǎn)雪，今年秋天就會(huì)有個(gè)好收成。從句：過去時(shí)-退-過去完成時(shí) was-had been主句：一般將來時(shí)-退-過去將來時(shí)

11、 will have -would have虛擬條件句中if的省略：如果虛擬條件句中有were, should或者h(yuǎn)ad done,通?？蓪ere, should或had 放在句首，if 可省略。Eg: if I had studied more, I would have passed the test. - Had I studied more, I would have passed the test.如果我多學(xué)習(xí)點(diǎn)，我就會(huì)通過考試。If I were in your place, I wouldnt say so.- Were I in your place, I wouldnt s

12、ay so. 如果我處在你的位置，我就不會(huì)這樣說。題：1. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.A. If it is not B. were it not C. had it not been D. if they were not虛擬條件句省略if條件句必須倒裝，因條件句是過去時(shí)，所以應(yīng)退過去完成時(shí)。用介詞短語表示虛擬條件：11. 假設(shè)句：without your help, we will not be able to finish the work in time. 虛擬句：withou

13、t your help, we would not be able to finish the work in time.沒有你的幫助我就不能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。一般將來時(shí)-退-過去將來時(shí) will not be-would not be12. 假設(shè)句：But for his good education, he would not get the job. 虛擬句：But for his good education, he would not have got the job.幸虧他受過很好的教育，否則不會(huì)找到那份工作的。過去將來時(shí)-退-過去將來完成時(shí) would get-would hav

14、e got在某些主語從句和條件狀語從句中虛擬的用法：在it is important, impossible, strange, vital, natural, essential, desirable, preferable, advisable, appropriate, surprising, sad that.的句型中，主語從句在英國英語中用should+動(dòng)詞原形。在美國英語中省略should直接用原型。在for fear that(以防.起見)引導(dǎo)的條件句中用法同上。在unless, when, so (as) long as, suppose, in case, on condit

15、ion 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中也可用虛擬語氣，用法同上。It is necessary that he (should) come on time to attend the meeting.他按時(shí)來出席會(huì)議是必要的。It is natural that he (should) love Mary. 他愛瑪麗是很自然的事。He took an umbrella for fear that it (should) rain.他帶了一把傘，以防天下雨。As long as my wife (should) get ready, we will go.只要我太太準(zhǔn)備好了，我們就去。注：在suggest

16、, propose, demand, necessary, inquire, request, desire, insist, order, advise, agree等表示建議，要求，命令的動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，英國英語用should+動(dòng)詞原形，美國英語省略should用原型動(dòng)詞。He insisted that we (should) get there on time. 他堅(jiān)持我們要按時(shí)到那。The dean proposed that the question (should) not be discussed at once.系主任提議這個(gè)問題不要馬上討論。在think, expect

17、, believe是否定形式時(shí)，賓語從句可用虛擬語氣，should+動(dòng)詞原型， should不可省。She said she never expected I should lend money to her.Were (was) to 有時(shí)在虛擬條件句中用were (was) 表示試探的口氣。If you were (was) to do sth like that I would not marry you.如果你要做那件事，我就不會(huì)嫁給你了。Would have done, should have done上面兩種用法也經(jīng)常表示虛擬，意思是本應(yīng)該做而沒有做的事情。Would 表示從客觀上講，而should表示從主觀上講。You would have taken taxi to come here. 你本應(yīng)該坐出租車來這兒。(沒坐車)If I had known she was rich, I should have married her. 如果我知道她是個(gè)富翁，我本該娶她。（實(shí)際沒娶她）We _last night, but we went to the con