高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)清單

1、高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)-定語(yǔ)從句 知識(shí)清單2015 / 9一、定語(yǔ)從句基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)(填空)1.何為定語(yǔ)從句？ 在復(fù)合句中, 修飾某一 或 的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。2.何為定語(yǔ)從句兩個(gè)基本要素？ 和 即：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做 ；引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫 。3.定語(yǔ)從句分為兩大類：1） ： 對(duì)先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不用逗號(hào)隔開,也不能省略，否則句意就不完整。2) ： 只是對(duì)先行詞做補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,與先行詞的關(guān)系也比較松散，常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，如果省略, 原句意義仍然完整。4.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有哪些？1）關(guān)系 ：在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。指代人： , , 指代事物： , , 所屬關(guān)

2、系： , 2）關(guān)系 ：在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于介詞 。指地點(diǎn)： 指時(shí)間： 指原因： 二、常見考點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)歸納： 1.引導(dǎo)詞that與which的選擇：總結(jié)1) 先行詞有下列情況時(shí),通常用關(guān)系代詞 ，不用 。 先行詞是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代詞時(shí); 先行詞被all, any, every, no, some, little, much等詞修飾時(shí); 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí); 先行詞被the only, the very(正是,恰是)，the last修飾時(shí); 當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)； 若主句中有

3、疑問(wèn)代詞who, which時(shí)（為了避免重復(fù)）?？偨Y(jié)2）下列情況通常用關(guān)系代詞 ，不用 ：引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句且先行詞是物，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也不省略。介詞+關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 先行詞為物時(shí)。2.先行詞為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題：1) 先行詞為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作 時(shí)，用when, where, why，相當(dāng)于介詞+which.2) 先行詞為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作 、 或 時(shí)，用that / which 。3) 某些特殊先行詞之后的where：某些抽象地點(diǎn)名詞如：stage, position, point, situatio

4、n, case, condition, activity, celebration 等做先行詞時(shí)，且在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，常用 引導(dǎo)，表示抽象化的地點(diǎn)，(相當(dāng)于介詞+which) 。例如：必修1 Unit 5 (P34)The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.We were put into a pos

5、ition in which (= where) we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 3.介詞+關(guān)系詞：即 介詞+ (指人) 和 介詞+ (指物) 介詞如何選擇：1）看定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞或者形容詞與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配 What were the things _ which he was not so sure? 2）根據(jù)先行詞判斷，所用的介詞與先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配 The speed _ which you drive your car mustnt be too high.3）可以通過(guò)句子的整

6、體含義,結(jié)合生活實(shí)際來(lái)判斷 China has many rivers, _ which the Yangtze River is the longest. 4.關(guān)系詞as的用法: as既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定從，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定從，常用于以下情況：1）先行詞有such, the same修飾時(shí)，后面的定語(yǔ)從句常用as引導(dǎo)，as在從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，表示“像一樣的”。 There is no such place _ you dream of in this world. 世界上絕沒有像你夢(mèng)想的那樣的地方。I have the same trouble _ you have.

7、 我和你有同樣的麻煩。注意：the same that / the sameas 的區(qū)別： This is the same pen that I lost. 這支鋼筆就是我丟的那一支。 This is the same pen as I lost. 這支鋼筆跟我丟的那支筆一模一樣。 2）在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，as常用于固定搭配。在此用法中, as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可放在主句的句首、 句中、句末。如：眾所周知 綜上所述 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣；情況通常如此 如報(bào)紙所報(bào)道的 5.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系詞as 跟which的區(qū)別：as 意為“正如”“正像”, 可位于句首，句中，

8、句末；which 意為“這” “這件事”，不能放句首。若關(guān)系詞指代前面整句話，且位于主句之后，二者有時(shí)候可以互換。 The earth is round, _ is known to us all. _ was natural, he married Jenny.6.先行詞為the way的定語(yǔ)從句：先行詞為the way，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞用in which, that或不填。I recognized hes from Australia from the way he speaks.7. 定語(yǔ)從句與其它復(fù)合句的區(qū)分:1) 定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句：  We all

9、have heard the news _ our team won.   We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday. 2) 定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句： He left the key _ he had been an hour before.  He left the place_ he lived for many years.  He is such a good teacher we all like him.  He is such a good teacher all of

10、us love and respect. Well go we are needed. 3) 定語(yǔ)從句與主語(yǔ)從句：  _ is known to us all，paper was first made in China.   _ is known to us all that paper was first made in China. 4) 定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)： It is the house_ I met the young man.  It was in the house_ I met the young man. 綜合練習(xí)一、填空題（請(qǐng)用定語(yǔ)從

11、句的相關(guān)知識(shí)填空，每空一詞）：1. Could you tell me for youve bought this coat?2. The country is in the situation a war will break out at any time.3. Do you like the girl eyes are big? 4. He always comes late, makes his teacher angry.5. Have you seen the old lady a famous star is talking to?6. His mother, he loved

12、deeply, died ten years ago. 7. The last place we visited was the Great Wall.8. I saw some trees, the leaves which were black with disease.9. It rained all night and all day, which time the ship broke into pieces.10. This is the reason he was put in prison. 11. The boy pointed to the direction which

13、he would run. 12. The man whom you talked is my friend.13. I bought many books yesterday, three of are written by Lu Xun.14. Is this museum the one the exhibition was held?15. Freddie, might be expected, was attending the conference.16. This is the factory my father works?17. This is the factory we

14、visited last week?18. Pisa is a city, there is a leaning tower.19. He who _ (laugh) last laughs best. （ 誰(shuí)笑到最后, 誰(shuí)笑得最好。） 20. All _ glitters is not gold. （ 閃閃發(fā)光者，未必皆黃金。）二、改錯(cuò)：（請(qǐng)用定語(yǔ)從句的相關(guān)知識(shí)改正下列句子，每句均有一處錯(cuò)誤。）1. His glasses, without that he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke its leg.2. Such s

15、igns that we use in the experiment are Greek letters. 3. Mary was kinder to Jack than she was to the others , this , of course, made all the others upset.4. Pisa is a city, where has a leaning tower.5. That is the reason why he gave us. 6. He mentioned a book, which title Ive forgotten.7. I still re

16、member the day when we spent together.8. He always comes late, and which makes his teacher angry.9. China has a lot of islands, one of them is Diaoyu. 10. The girl who is disabled, but she succeeded by her fathers appreciation education.11. There are a lot of students here, none of them like the fil

17、m.12. The scientist and his achievements which you told me about are admired by us all.三、請(qǐng)用定語(yǔ)從句翻譯下列句子。1.他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與她邂逅的那一天。2.屬于自己的，不要放棄；已經(jīng)失去的，留作記憶。3.傷害羊的那只狼被打死了。4.我們這次還是約在上次一起吃晚飯的餐廳見面吧!5.環(huán)境保護(hù)是一個(gè)如今為人們廣為討論的一個(gè)話題。6.我們必須承認(rèn),那些反對(duì)此觀點(diǎn)的人們也有一定的道理。7.手提電腦如今如此普遍的一個(gè)重要原因就是它的使用方便。8.他計(jì)劃于2017年回國(guó),到那時(shí)候他將年滿30歲。9.<<荷馬史

18、詩(shī)>>（Homer Epic）是一本很精彩的書,我從中學(xué)到了很多。10.最激動(dòng)人心的一次旅行經(jīng)歷是在巴厘島(Bali),在那里我有生以來(lái)第一次體驗(yàn)了潛水。四、語(yǔ)篇填空：Jim, 1._ father is a biologist, is crazy about animals. The only subject 2. _ seems interesting to him is biology. He spends every penny 3._ he can save to buy books on biology, 4._ is often laughed at by his classmates. One day, 5._ he stepped in the bookstore 6._