九年級unit1知識點(diǎn)

1、Unit 1 Section A 1a-2cby 的用法:介詞, 表示通過方法或途徑的意思, 譯成“靠, 通過”, 后面可加名詞，動名詞（v-ing）或名詞短語。1) The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火燒毀了。2) travel by air /land/sea. 航空（陸路，航海）旅行3) go by train /boat/ bus 乘火車（船，公共汽車）去4) shake sb. by the hand 和某人握手5) I study English by watching English movies. 我通過看英文電影學(xué)英語。另外, by作為介

2、詞的意義有很多, 例如: 1）在旁邊，靠近 There is a power station by the river.河邊有一個電廠。2）沿著，經(jīng)由 come by the highway 由公路來3）由于 by mistake 由于差錯4）被，由 some articles written by Lu Xun 一些由魯迅寫的文章5）表示面積 a room 5m by 4m 一間長五米寬四米的房間 6）逐個 one by one 一個接一個look相關(guān)短語v look about(round;around); look ahead; look back; look up; look down

3、; look left; look right; look sb. up and downv look sth. up（在字典、參考書或電腦中）查找 look sb. up （順便）拜訪，探望 look up to sb. 尊敬某人 look down on sb. 輕視某人；瞧不起某人 ask相關(guān)短語：ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物ask sb. about sth. 向某人詢問有關(guān)某事的情況ask sb. to do sth. 要求或請某人去做某事ask sb. not to do sth. 要求或請某人不要去做某事What about?句型what about + v.-

4、ing/ n./ pron. （征求意見）怎么樣，如何eg. What about this bike? 這輛自行車怎么樣？What about her painting?她的畫兒怎么樣？What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?大聲地讀練習(xí)發(fā)音怎么樣呢？辨析aloud/loud/loudlyaloud adv.大聲地；出聲地，與call,cry,read等連用loud adj. 響亮的；大聲的，作表語或定語 adv. 大聲；高聲，放在speak,shout,laugh,talk后loudly adv. 大聲地；響亮地，含有“喧鬧”的

5、意味eg. Dont talk so loudly. 別那么高聲說話。He read the letter aloud to us. 他把信大聲念給我們聽。Its too hard to understand spoken English.聽懂英語口語太難了。 It +be +形容詞 +to do sth. “做某事是 的”。 English-speaking 說英語的tooto是“太以至于不能”可以轉(zhuǎn)化為sothat句型，此時that從句的謂語動詞要用否定形式。還可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“not+形容詞/副詞+enough to do”,其中形容詞/副詞是tooto中形容詞/副詞的反義詞。eg. He i

6、s too young to go to school.=He is so young that he cant go to school.=He is not old enough to go to school.復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時 (Present Perfect) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果；或這一動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并將繼續(xù)下去。構(gòu)成：1. 肯定句 現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句式是 “have (has)過去分詞”。 注意： 該句式中的have或has是助動詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。2. 否定句：現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句式是 “haven

7、t（hasnt）過去分詞”。3. 疑問句：現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句式是把助動詞have或has提到主語之前?；卮鹩肶es, have (has). /No, havent (hasnt).連用時間狀語：already, yet, ever, never, just, before, several times 等。注意：當(dāng)have被用在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中時，它可以和前面的代名詞一起組成縮寫形式。eg. 我曾經(jīng)到過紐約。Ive been to New York once before. 我剛丟了我的鉛筆盒。Ive just lost my pencil-box.現(xiàn)在完成時-與 ever, never

8、連用1. never 從來沒有，從不，表示否定 He has never seen such a tall building. 他從未見過這么高的樓。2. ever 曾經(jīng)，主要用于疑問句 Have you ever wanted to travel around the world? 你曾經(jīng)想要周游世界嗎？注意：never, ever一般置于助動詞have/has之后，過去分詞之前。have been to與have gone to 的區(qū)別1. have (has) been to意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust, ever, never等連用。如： Ive just

9、 been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。have (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。Ive been to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。 2. have (has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在

10、去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。如：-Where is Tom? 湯姆在哪里？ - He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去?，F(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時同學(xué)們要注意現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別。雖然這兩個時態(tài)都和過去發(fā)生的事情有關(guān)，但是現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等，而一般過去時只表示過去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如：I have just been to London. I went there last month.我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦，是上個月去的。I have been to the sc

11、ience museum many times. I went there on our last summer vocation.我已經(jīng)去了科學(xué)博物館很多次。 上個暑假我還去了呢。Section A 2dAnnie, Im a little nervous.安妮，我有點(diǎn)緊張。 a little 可直接修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 a bit 修飾名詞時其后須加of,即a bit of ,后接不可數(shù)名詞。 I drank a little milk just now.=I drank a bit of milk just now.finish reading a book 讀完一本書finish doin

12、g finish后接名詞/代詞/動詞-ingThat doesnt sound too bad. 那聽上去不算太糟糕。 sound用作連系動詞，“聽起來”，其后長跟形容詞。 英語中常用的連系動詞 一是（be）,一感（feel）,一保持（keep）, 起來四個（sound ,look, smell, taste）,好像（seem）變了仨（ get, turn , become）The more you read, the faster youll be. 你讀的書越多，你會讀得越快。The +比較級，the +比較級 表示越就越Section A 3a,3b1. The teacher spok

13、e so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time? * too.to : “太.而不能.” 表否定 so. that : “如此.以至于.” 表肯定 eg. The boy is too young to go on his own.The boy is so young that he can't go on his own.2. I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of Engli

14、sh movies. so that “以便，為了” （從句常用can, could，would，may等） She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time.她努力工作，為的是及時準(zhǔn)備好各項(xiàng)工作。3. But I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事或不敢做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 擔(dān)心會發(fā)生某事或某情況 He is afraid 

15、to go out of going out alone at night. 他不敢晚上一個人出去。He was afraid of losing face. 他怕丟面子。because of + 名詞、代詞、動名詞 because + 句子I didnt buy it because it was too expensive. He lost his job because of his age.4. I fell in love with this exciti

16、ng and funny movie! fall / be in love with 喜好，喜愛；戀愛I fell in love with this house. 我喜歡上了這個房子。He is in love with his work. 他熱愛自己的工作。They fell in love with each other. 他們彼此相愛了。She was in love with him. 她與他相愛了。5.discover/find 辨析這顆新星是一位中國科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的。 誤The new star was found by a Chinese scientist 正The new st

17、ar was discovered by a Chinese scientist 辨析 find通常表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)或找到丟失或遺忘的東西或人”。例如： The police have found the missing child（警察已找到了那個丟失的孩子。） 但是若表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)客觀業(yè)已存在而尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物”時，要用discover。 例如：We are not only good at discovering problems，we are also good at solving them （我們不但要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，還要善于解決問題。） 注意，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)某種情形或情況”時，find與disco

18、ver可互換使用。例如： I found discovered that the trees，which had been planted ten years before，were all felled （我發(fā)現(xiàn)，十年前種的那些樹都遭到了砍伐。）discover 的用法：1. discover how to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)如何做某事。如：We never discovered how to open the box. 我們始終也沒找到如何打開那個箱子。They havent discovered how to improve their techniques. 他們還沒有找到提高技術(shù)的辦

19、法。2. discover sb (sth) to be 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人或某物是。如：We discovered her to be a good cook. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)她很會煮飯。We discovered him to be untrustworthy. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他很不可靠。3. discover sb (sth) doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)或撞見某人或某物在做某事。如：He discovered her crying in the room. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)她在房里哭。I discovered him stealing bread. 我撞見他偷面包。Serve的用法：1.v.（給）提供；端上：serve

20、sth (with sth) / serve sth (to sb) / serve sb sth2.v.夠吃（或用）：This dish will serve four hungry people.這盤菜夠四個餓漢吃.3.v.接待；服務(wù)：Are you being served?有人接待您嗎?4.v.對有用；能滿足的需求：These experiments serve no useful purpose.這些實(shí)驗(yàn)沒有任何實(shí)際意義.5.v.可用作,可當(dāng)使（尤其別無選擇時）serve （as sth)：The sofa will serve as a bed for a night or two

21、.沙發(fā)可以當(dāng)床湊合一兩夜.6.v.產(chǎn)生的效果（或結(jié)果）：serve （as sth)：The judge said the punishment would serve as a warning to others.法官說這種懲罰將起到殺一儆百的作用.7.v.（為）工作,服務(wù),履行義務(wù)：serve （sb) (as sth) / serve (in/on/with sth) / serve (under /with sb).8.v.服（刑）：She is serving two years for theft.她因盜竊罪正在服兩年徒刑.9.v.把遞交；（向某人）遞交：serve sth (on

22、 sb) / serve sb with sth (如遞交傳票）10.v.發(fā)（球）：Who's serving?誰發(fā)球?Section A Grammar Focus-4cmake/take notes 做的筆記，記錄 note可以作名詞也可以作動詞Section B 1a-1e1.I dont know how to increase my reading speed.=I dont know how I should increase my reading speed.疑問詞+動詞不定式短語，在句中作及物動詞know的賓語2.make mistakes in +n./v-ing 在

23、犯錯3.increase to 增加到了 Increase by 增加倍，百分之E-mail use is expected to increase by 15 to 25 percent a year. 電子郵件的使用每年以15%到25%的速度在增加。 In this way, the average autumn catch has been increased by two or three times. 這樣, 秋季平均捕魚量增加了兩到三倍The price of the book has increased to 50 yuan.這本書的價格漲到了50元。getright 使正確Se

24、ction B 閱讀部分1. Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. (1) Be born 意為“天生，出生”為被動語態(tài)， be 動詞通常用was 或were，born 為bear 的過去式。E.g. I was born in a small village.我出生在一個小山村。 He was born to succeed in life. 他生來注定會成功。(2) ability 在此處為不可數(shù)

25、名詞，意為“能力”常構(gòu)成短語 have the ability to do sth. ( 有能力做某事)， 而不用 “have the ability of doing sth” 結(jié)構(gòu)。 Man has the ability to speak. 人類有說話的能力。(3) whether or not 意為“是否” whether引導(dǎo)主語從句，不能與if 替換。 whether she will come or not is still a problem. 她是否會來還是個問題。(4) Depend on 意為“ 視而定，取決于；依靠；依賴 。后接名詞，代詞或動名詞。既不能用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)也不能

26、用于被動語態(tài)。We depend on the newspaper for daily news.我們得靠報紙得知每天的消息。You may depend on his coming.你可以相信他會來。2. Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. (1) Active adj, “活躍的，積極的” 可作表語 或定語。常用短語：take a

27、n active part in, 意為“積極參加”Although he is over 80, he is still very active.他雖然年過八十，但是仍很活躍。We all take an active part in the sports meeting.我們都積極參加運(yùn)動會。(2) pay attention to 意為“注意，關(guān)注”，其中to 為介詞，其后可接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式。Youd better pay attention to this word in the English exam last time.你最好注意一下上次英語考試中的這個單詞。3.

28、Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something they are interested in. (1) connectwith意為“ 把和聯(lián)系起來” 其中connect為及物動詞，意為“（使）連接；與有聯(lián)系”，其名詞形式為connection，意為“連接；關(guān)系”Please dont connect this lesson with that person. 請不要把這個人和那個人聯(lián)系在一起。4. Good learners think about what they are good at and what

29、 they need to practice more. (1) Think about 意為“考慮”其后接名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式或賓語從句。They are thinking about a serious problem.他們正在考慮一個嚴(yán)肅的問題。(2) Be good at “擅長” 同義于 do well in “在某方面做得好”He is good at English.= he does well in English.5. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. （1）

30、Even if 意為“即使，盡管”，用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，有退一步設(shè)想的意味，同義于“even though” Ill help you, even if I must stay up the whole night. 即使熬夜一整晚我也要幫助你。（2） forget 后直接跟名詞、代詞、動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式，但兩者意義完全不同。Forget to do sth 和forget doing sth. Forget to do sth: 忘記去做某事forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事e.g. I forget to turn off the light. 我忘記關(guān)燈了。 I

31、 forget turning off the light. 我忘記已經(jīng)關(guān)燈了。6. They also look for ways to review what they have learned. （1）look for 意為“尋找” 后跟名詞或代詞作賓語。 E.g. they are looking for the missing child. 他們在尋找失蹤的孩子。 比較：look for, find與 find outLook for: 尋找，強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找的動作和過程，是 有目的的尋找。find: 找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)，通常指找到或發(fā)現(xiàn)具體的東西，也可指偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)某物或某種情況，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。Find

32、out: 弄清，查明，多指通過調(diào)查、詢問、研究后搞清楚、弄明白，含經(jīng)過困難、曲折的意味。賓語從句：1語序無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句連詞賓語從句（主語謂語）”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：1）連接詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎？The small children don't know what is in their stockings這些小孩子不知道襪子

33、里有什么東西？2）連接詞名詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他問我們班上誰的書法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老師問我們房間里有多少人。3）連接詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，w

34、here，if whether（在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分）等。如：He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？4）連接詞名詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪個班嗎？She asked me if I

35、knew whose pen it was她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。2連接詞1）當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。2）當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：I don't know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。但在下列情況下只能用whether：在具有選擇意義

36、，又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與or not連用時，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）讓我知道他是否能來。I don't know whether if he does any washing or not（I don't know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whe

37、ther we go我不知道我們是去還是留。在介詞之后用whether。如：I'm interested in whether he likes English我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項(xiàng)工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。I don't know whether to go我不知去否。He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say這是否真的我說不上來。引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is