UnitTravelling_1精品文檔

1、unit 2 travellingunit2travelling一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：unit2travellinggrammar二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)：掌握unit2的詞法結(jié)構(gòu)和用法：.sothat/suchthat/enoughto/tooto2.have/hasbeenin,have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto3.延續(xù)性與短暫性動(dòng)詞經(jīng)典講解grammar1:sothat/suchthat/enoughto/tooto解釋：如此以至于so+adj./adv.+that從句或such+單/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that從句例：itssohotinsummerthatwecantdowithoutth

2、eairconditioner.夏天的天氣熱的我們少不了空調(diào)。theteacherspokesofastthaticouldntunderstandwhathewassaying.老師講得太快以致于我聽不懂他在說什么。heissuchageniusthathedoesnthavetostudymuchforexams.他是個(gè)天才，所以他考試都不用怎么念書。theyaresuchgoodbasketballplayersthateverybodywantstowatchtheirgames.他們個(gè)個(gè)都是很棒的籃球員，所以每個(gè)人都想去看他們打球。表示：足以做某事enoughto如:heisolde

3、noughtodoit.意思是太而不能too.to例:heistooyoungtogotoschool.中考鏈接sothat,tooto和enoughto都是初中英語教材中的重要結(jié)構(gòu)，在一定條件下它們可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，并經(jīng)常成為中考考查的熱點(diǎn)之一。先請(qǐng)看下面兩道中考試題：.heisoldenoughtogotoschool.heis_that_gotoschool.2.shewassoweakthatshecouldnttakecareofherbaby.shewas_weak_takecareofherbaby.（答案：1.soold;hecan2.too;to）那么在什么情況下三者可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換

4、呢？（一）sothat與tooto的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句為否定式且從句主語與主句的主語相同時(shí)，sothat可轉(zhuǎn)換為tooto結(jié)構(gòu)；若從句主語與主句的主語不相同時(shí)，sothat可轉(zhuǎn)換為tooforsb.to結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：theboxissoheavythathecantcarryit.theboxistooheavyforhimtocarry.（二）sothat與enoughto的轉(zhuǎn)換.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句為肯定式時(shí)，若從句主語與主句主語相同時(shí)，sothat可轉(zhuǎn)換為enoughto結(jié)構(gòu)；若從句主語與主句主語不相同時(shí)，sothat可轉(zhuǎn)換為enoughforsb.to結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：xiaolinis

5、sooldthathecangotoschool.xiaolinisoldenoughtogotoschool.theboxissolightthathecancarryit.theboxislightenoughforhimtocarry.2.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句為否定式時(shí)，若從句主語與主句主語相同時(shí)，sothat可轉(zhuǎn)換為enoughto的否定結(jié)構(gòu)；若從句主語與主句主語不相同時(shí)，sothat可轉(zhuǎn)換為enoughforsb.to的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。同時(shí)要注意，轉(zhuǎn)換后的形容詞（副詞）要用其相應(yīng)的反義詞。例如：themanissooldthathecantgotowork.themanisntyounge

6、noughtogotowork.thedeskissoheavythaticantmoveit.thedeskisntlightenoughformetomove.（三）enoughto的句式為否定式時(shí)，enoughto可以轉(zhuǎn)換為tooto結(jié)構(gòu)。轉(zhuǎn)換后的tooto結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞（副詞）要用其相應(yīng)的反義詞。例如：heisnotoldenoughtodothework.heistooyoungtodothework.theproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.theproblemisnteasyenoughformetoworkout.【典型例題】一、改寫同義句。

7、.thebookisinterestingenoughforeverybodytoread.thebookis_interesting_everybodylikestoreadit.2.theboyissoshortthathecantreachthebuttonsofthelift.theboyis_short_thebuttonsofthelift.theboyisnt_thebuttonsofthelift.3.heissuchayoungboythathecantgotoschool.heis_young_hecantgotoschool.heis_old_togotoschool.h

8、eis_young_gotoschool.4.heissooldthathecangooutalone.heis_gooutalone.5.mr.wuissopatientthathespendsmuchtimeexplainingthingstous.mr.wuis_spendmuchtimeexplainingthingstous.6.thepandaissofatthatitcantgothroughthehole.thepandais_gothroughthehole.【答案】.so;that2.too;toreach;tallenoughtoreach3.so;that/not;en

9、ough/too;to4.oldenoughto5.patientenoughto6.toofatto二、翻譯句子。.這本書太難，我讀不懂。2.他太累，不能再走了。3.他跑得太快了，沒有人能趕上他。4.雨下得很大，我們出不去。5.那天很忙，我們沒有去買東西。6.他太小了，不能去上學(xué)。7.我說得太快了，他們不能明白我的話。8.這個(gè)女孩到上學(xué)的年齡了。9.這道題很簡(jiǎn)單，我們能夠回答它。0.這個(gè)房間太小，不能容納200人。1.這個(gè)箱子太重，我們搬不動(dòng)。【答案】.thisbookissodifficultthaticantreadit.2.hefeltsotiredthathecouldntwalka

10、nylonger.3.heransofastthatnoonecouldcatchupwithhim.4.itrainedsoheavilythatwecouldntgoout.5.itwassobusyadaythatwedidntgoshopping.6.hewassoyoungthathecouldntgotoschool.=hewastooyoungtogotoschool.7.ispokesoquicklythattheycouldntunderstandme.=ispoketooquicklyforthemtounderstand.8.thegirlissooldthatsheca

11、ngotoschool.=thegirlisoldenoughtogotoschool.9.thequestionissoeasythatwecananswerit.=thequestioniseasyenoughforustoanswer.0.theroomissosmallthatitcanthold200people.=theroomistoosmalltohold200people.=theroomisntbigenoughtohold200people.1.theboxissoheavythatwecantcarryit.=theboxistooheavyforustocarry.=

12、theboxisntlightenoughforustocarry.grammar2:havebeento,havegoneto和havebeenin的區(qū)別havebeenin,havebeento,havegoneto這三個(gè)短語都有“到某地去”的意思，但含義和用法各不相同。havebeenin強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去曾去過”之意，表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)；havebeento的意思是“過去到過而現(xiàn)在已返回”，它強(qiáng)調(diào)“最近的經(jīng)歷”；havegoneto表示“動(dòng)作的完成”，強(qiáng)調(diào)人已離開說話的地方。通過下列句子的對(duì)比，可以分清它們各自不同的含義：（1）theyhavebeeninchicago.（2）theyhavebeent

13、ochicago.（3）theyhavegonetochicago.（1）句的意思是“他們?cè)ミ^芝加哥”，此語強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的經(jīng)歷，但沒有說明現(xiàn)在是否已回來。言外之意，他們到過芝加哥，他們知道芝加哥在何處，該城市有多大，人口有多少等等。（2）句的意思是“他們?cè)竭^芝加哥，現(xiàn)在已回來了”。此語強(qiáng)調(diào)的是往返的經(jīng)歷。（3）句的意思是“他們已到芝加哥去了”，此語的言外之意是“也許他們已經(jīng)到達(dá)，也許現(xiàn)在還在途中”，它強(qiáng)調(diào)“去”的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，所以人已不在說話的地點(diǎn)。.havebeenin用例：howlonghaveyoubeeninclasstoday?今天你在班里呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？theyhavebeeninb

14、eijingfortwoweeks.他們?cè)诒本┮呀?jīng)有兩個(gè)星期了。howlonghaveyoubeeninthiscity?你在這個(gè)城市呆了多久？2.havebeento用例：hehasbeentoparisthreetimes.他去過巴黎三次。theyhavebeentothezoo.他們到動(dòng)物園去了。thechildrenhavegonetoplayinthepark.孩子們到公園玩耍去。3.havegoneto用例：hehasgonetoparis.他去巴黎了。everyonehasgonehome.大家都回家去了。hehasgonetoseeheruncle.他去看他叔叔了。shehas

15、gonetothecinemawithherboyfriend.她與男朋友看電影去了。注意：遇到四個(gè)地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)要去掉to，這四個(gè)地點(diǎn)副詞是：here,there,home,abroad【典型例題】一、用have/hasbeento；have/hasbeenin;have/hasgoneto填空)wheresjim?hehas_guiling.2)shehas_thepark,shewillbebackintwohours.3)ihave_thewestlake,look,ihavetakenmanyphotosonit.4)tomhas_tojimshome,buthehasntcomebac

16、k.5)theyhave_beijingforthreemonths.6)thewhiteshave_theu.s.a,theywontcomeback.7)wehave_thebookshopandboughtmanybooks.8)shehas_herhomeland;sheiscomingtomyhomenextweek.9)ihave_hongkongtwice.0)wehave_themounttai,weallenjoyedourselves.1)ihavenever_thebeachinsonya.2)hemissedhismotherverymuch,sohehasalread

17、y_hishome.3)theyhave_hangzhou,theyfounditveryinteresting.4)tomhas_tothew.c,soihavetowaitforhim.5)howmanytimeshaveyou_toshanghai.6)hehasever_herewithhiswife.7)ilikethemountredpark.ihave_thereforfivedays.8)mayispeaktolily?-sorry,shehas_xian9)hehasnever_tohangzhou,buthehas_wuhanonce.20)ihaventseenhimre

18、cently.oh,hehas_fujian.【答案】.goneto2.goneto3.beento4.gone5.beenin6.goneto7.beento8.goneto9.beento0.beento1.beento2.beento3.beento4.gone5.been6.been7.been8.goneto9.beento;beento20.goneto二、翻譯句子。.你曾經(jīng)去過上海嗎？2.他到美國去過兩次。3.亨利到倫敦去了。4.我的父親去了武漢，這個(gè)星期回來。5.他去過巴黎三次。6.他們到動(dòng)物園去了。7.孩子們到公園玩耍去。8.他去巴黎了。9.他去看他叔叔了。0.她與男朋友看電

19、影去了?！敬鸢浮?haveyoueverbeentoshanghai?2.hehasbeentoamericatwice.3.henryhasgonetolondon.4.myfatherhasgonetowuhan,andhellbebackthisweek.hehasbeentoparisthreetimes.5.theyhavebeentothezoo.6.thechildrenhavegonetoplayinthepark.7.hehasgonetoparis.8.hehasgonetoseeheruncle.9.shehasgonetothecinemawithherboyfrien

20、d.grammar3:延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞（一）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的概念英語中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如：open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,

21、move,borrow,buy等。（二）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用。表示“一段時(shí)間”的短語有：fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等。如：ihavelearnedenglishsinceicamehere.自從我來到這兒就學(xué)英語了。2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”狀語連用。如：itraindateightyesterdaymorning.rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而ateight表示“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可

22、以借助come,begin,get等終止性動(dòng)詞來表示。上句可改為：itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.又如：whendidyougettoknowjack?twoyearsago.thenyouveknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.thatsright.（三）終止性動(dòng)詞的用法特征.終止性動(dòng)詞可用來表示某一動(dòng)作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：thetrainhasarrived.火車到了。haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入電腦小組了嗎？2.終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此，不可與表

23、示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：他死了三年了。誤：hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：hediedthreeyearsago.正：itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.他來這兒五天了。誤：hehascomehereforfivedays.正：hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：hecameherefivedaysago.正：itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：fivedayshaspassedsincehec

24、amehere.、句中的die、come為終止性動(dòng)詞，不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用。那么，應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢？可以采用下面的四種方法：將句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例：leavebeaway,borrowkeep,buyhave,begin/startbeon,diebedead,movetolivein,finishbeover,joinbein/beamemberof,opensth.keepsth.open,fallillbeill,getupbeup,catchacoldhaveacold將句中表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語改為表示過去確

25、定時(shí)間的狀語，如上面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。用句型“itis+一段時(shí)間+since.”表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。用句型“時(shí)間+haspassed+since.”表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。3.終止性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定式中，成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因而可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：hehasntleftheresince1986.ihaventheardfrommyfatherfortwoweeks.4.終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式與until/till連用，構(gòu)成“not+終止性動(dòng)詞+until/till.”的句型，意為“直到才”。如：youcantleavehe

26、reuntiliarrive.直到我到了，你才能離開這里。iwillnotgotobeduntilifinishdrawingthepicturetonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫，我才上床睡覺。5.終止性動(dòng)詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中。when表示的時(shí)間是“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”（從句謂語動(dòng)詞用終止性動(dòng)詞），也可以是“一段時(shí)間”（從句謂語動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）。而while表示的是一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或過程，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：whenwereachedlondon,itwastwelveoclock.pleaselookaftermydaughte

27、rwhile/whenweareaway.6.終止性動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)不可與howlong連用（只限于肯定式）。如：誤：howlonghaveyoucomehere?正：howlonghaveyoubeenhere?正：whendidyoucomehere?7.短暫性動(dòng)詞的肯定句不能接一段時(shí)間。誤：ihavecometonanjingforabouttwoyears.正：ihavebeeninnanjingforabouttwoyears.正：ihaventcometonanjingforabouttwoyears.便于記憶，根據(jù)詞義，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以變成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。見表格cometobein/atgotobein/atarriveat/inbein/atgettobein/atreachbein/atbuyhaveleavebeawayleaveforbeawayfordiebedeadborrowkeepbegin/startbeon/laststop/endbeoverbecome/get/turnbegotobedbeinbedgetupbeupcatchacol