促進(jìn)能的政策措施EnergyEfficiencyPoliciesandMeasures

1、t h e c h i n a s u s t a i n a b l e e n e r g y p r o g r a m中中 國國 可可 持持 續(xù)續(xù) 能能 源源 項項 目目能源基金會北京代表處能源基金會北京代表處energy foundation beijing office2006年年5月月 may 2006gwh impacts from programs begun prior to 20012001年以前節(jié)能項目產(chǎn)生的節(jié)能量年以前節(jié)能項目產(chǎn)生的節(jié)能量05,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,000197519761977197819

2、79198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000gwh 百萬千瓦時百萬千瓦時utility programs電力公司的節(jié)能項目電力公司的節(jié)能項目building standards建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)appliance standards家用電器節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)家用電器節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 14% of annual use in california in 20012001年加州年用電量的年加州年用電量的14%美國的冰箱能耗與價格演變美國的冰箱能耗與價格演變20304050607080

3、9010011019721976198019841988199219962000yearindex (1972 = 100)effective dates of national standards=effective dates of state standards=refrigerators冰箱冰箱central a/c中央空調(diào)中央空調(diào)gas furnaces燃?xì)庠罹呷細(xì)庠罹遡mpact of standards on efficiency of 3 appliances標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對3種電器節(jié)能的影響種電器節(jié)能的影響source: s. nadel, aceee, in eceee 200

4、3 summer study, 75%60%25%國標(biāo)生效日期國標(biāo)生效日期州標(biāo)生效日期州標(biāo)生效日期annual usage of air conditioning in new homes in california 加州新建住宅年空調(diào)用電量加州新建住宅年空調(diào)用電量annual drop averages 4% per year平均每年下降平均每年下降4%05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0001970197219741976197819801982198419861988199019921994199619982000200220042006kwh

5、/yearsource: cec demand analysis office1992 federal appliance standard1992年聯(lián)邦電器節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)年聯(lián)邦電器節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)california title 20 appliance standards家用電器節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)家用電器節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1976-1982initial california title 24 building standards建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)estimated impact of 2006 seer 12 standards預(yù)期到預(yù)期到2006年年seer12 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)生的節(jié)能量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)生的節(jié)能量100%33%sa

6、les units % by gfk ms, - italy - sda-mda dept.averageatbedeesfrukitnlptse4,853,431,57,232,849,138,16,43,51165,716,84,3757,932,732,547,612,86,8652,6333,456126,19,53,247,23215,521,2666,33,835,145,77,910,73,27024,3energy class a +energy class a +energy class aenergy class benergy class cothersstates wi

7、th pbf采用公共效益基金的州see /briefs/mktabl.htm for details澳大利亞：澳大利亞：精英能源企業(yè)項目，溫室氣體挑戰(zhàn)加拿大：加拿大：工業(yè)節(jié)能項目丹麥：丹麥：工業(yè)能效協(xié)議法國：法國：co2 減排自愿協(xié)議芬蘭：芬蘭：工業(yè)節(jié)能方法協(xié)議australia: energy smart business program, greenhouse challengecanada: industry program for energy conservation (cipec)denmark: agreements on industria

8、l energy efficiencyfrance: voluntary agreements on co2 reductionsfinland: agreements on industrial energy conservation measures瑞典：瑞典： eko能源英國：英國：氣候變化稅收，高耗能工業(yè)部門能效目標(biāo)，最佳能效實踐項目， 合作協(xié)議運(yùn)動美國：美國：鋁業(yè)工業(yè)自愿伙伴關(guān)系，pfc減排伙伴關(guān)系sweden: eko-energiu.k.: climate change levy, energy-intensive industry sector efficiency targe

9、ts, energy efficiency best practice program, make a corporate commitment campaign (mccc)u.s.:voluntary aluminum industrial partnership; pfc emissions reduction partnership for the semi-conductor industry0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.004.50123456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23hourwa

10、tts per square footload managementbaselineefficient 0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.004.5012345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24hourwatts per square footbaselineefficient and load mngefficient工業(yè)部門行業(yè)報告工業(yè)部門行業(yè)報告sector reports for industrial sectors部門能耗及生產(chǎn)過程分析sector-wide analysis of ene

11、rgy consumption and production processes公司內(nèi)部提高能效的一般性潛力的確認(rèn)、identification of general potentials for improving energy efficiency in the companies能源管理必須包括：energy management must include:-能源政策和能效目標(biāo)-energy policy and energy efficiency targets-能源帳目-energy accounting-能效采購與設(shè)計的程序-procedures for energy-effici

12、ent procurement and design-員工教育與激勵-education and motivation of staff提供節(jié)能潛力與技術(shù)信息provides information on energy-saving potentials and technologies管理投資資金administers investment grants政府提供年度政府提供年度co2稅收返還稅收返還government provides annual co2 tax rebate實施實施 enforcement沒有進(jìn)行行動項目中所列舉活動的公司要退回當(dāng)年所享受的co2稅收返還部分compan

13、ies who fail to take actions outlined in action program must pay back co2 tax rebate from that year設(shè)立一攬子工業(yè)部門目標(biāo)set collective industry sector target制定行動計劃以實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)develops action plans to meet targets獨(dú)立公司承諾達(dá)到特別的目標(biāo)individual companies commit to meet specific targets年度報告年度報告annual report-評估當(dāng)年能效提高情況-assess

14、current year progress in improving energy efficiency-基準(zhǔn)評價：將設(shè)施與工業(yè)平均水平及“最佳實踐”（被定義為最高水平）相比較-benchmarking: compare a facility to the industry mean as well as to a “best practice” (defined as the top quartile)sectors-為工業(yè)提供強(qiáng)有力的交流與認(rèn)識促進(jìn)項目-provides a strong communications and awareness program for industry聯(lián)邦

15、統(tǒng)計機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)邦統(tǒng)計機(jī)構(gòu)federal statistical agency-收集有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，測量并報告工業(yè)達(dá)標(biāo)進(jìn)程-collection of relevant data to measure and report industrys progress toward meeting their targets參與方參與方 participants所有消耗一定能源的工業(yè)部門all industrial sectors with energy consumption of a certain level1250家企業(yè)1250 firms占工業(yè)能耗的90%90% of industrial energy

16、 consumption 公司的節(jié)能潛力評估公司的節(jié)能潛力評估 assessment of energy efficiency potential at company novem的機(jī)密報告 confidential report by novem 單個公司準(zhǔn)備的節(jié)能計劃單個公司準(zhǔn)備的節(jié)能計劃 energy conservation plans prepared by individual companies 參考年度于本年度的能耗狀況描述 description of energy consumption in the reference year and current year 公司的能

17、效目標(biāo) energy efficiency target of the company可能采取的行動的指征indication of possible activities預(yù)計的行動時間表estimated timetable of activities監(jiān)督與報告方法method of monitoring and reporting單個公司的貢獻(xiàn)對于整個部門目標(biāo)實現(xiàn)的意義what individual company contribution will be to the overall sector target能源管理能源管理energy management-審計與檢測工具：能源潛力掃

18、描與能源監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)-auditing and monitoring using tools: energy potential scan and energy monitoring system-與環(huán)境管理相結(jié)合-integration with environmental management投資補(bǔ)貼與財政激勵投資補(bǔ)貼與財政激勵investment subsidies and fiscal incentives-25%的補(bǔ)貼用于熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)項目-25% subsidy for cogeneration (chp) projects如果部門的目標(biāo)不能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，則要終止整個部門的長期協(xié)議entire s

19、ector long-term agreement can be terminated if sector fails to reach targets協(xié)議一旦終止，公司必須遵守嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境許可if terminated, firms must comply with strict environmental permits荷蘭荷蘭 netherlands實際的效果好于協(xié)議目標(biāo)：1989至2000年間，能效平均提高了22.3%actual results were better than the va target: an average improvement in energy efficiency of 22.3% over the perio